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Naylor-Adamson L, Price TW, Booth Z, Stasiuk GJ, Calaminus SDJ. Quantum Dot Imaging Agents: Haematopoietic Cell Interactions and Biocompatibility. Cells 2024; 13:354. [PMID: 38391967 PMCID: PMC10887166 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semi-conducting nanoparticles that have been developed for a range of biological and non-biological functions. They can be tuned to multiple different emission wavelengths and can have significant benefits over other fluorescent systems. Many studies have utilised QDs with a cadmium-based core; however, these QDs have since been shown to have poor biological compatibility. Therefore, other QDs, such as indium phosphide QDs, have been developed. These QDs retain excellent fluorescent intensity and tunability but are thought to have elevated biological compatibility. Herein we discuss the applicability of a range of QDs to the cardiovascular system. Key disease states such as myocardial infarction and stroke are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and there is an opportunity to improve clinical imaging to aide clinical outcomes for these disease states. QDs offer potential clinical benefits given their ability to perform multiple functions, such as carry an imaging agent, a therapy, and a targeting motif. Two key cell types associated with CVD are platelets and immune cells. Both cell types play key roles in establishing an inflammatory environment within CVD, and as such aid the formation of pathological thrombi. However, it is unclear at present how and with which cell types QDs interact, and if they potentially drive unwanted changes or activation of these cell types. Therefore, although QDs show great promise for boosting imaging capability, further work needs to be completed to fully understand their biological compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Naylor-Adamson
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Thomas W. Price
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Zoe Booth
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Graeme J. Stasiuk
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Simon D. J. Calaminus
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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2
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Seitak A, Shanti A, Al Adem K, Farid N, Luo S, Iskandarov J, Karanikolos GN, Liao K, Chan V, Lee S. 2D MXenes for controlled releases of therapeutic proteins. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:514-526. [PMID: 36371793 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
MXenes belong to a new class of two dimensional (2D) functional nanomaterials, mainly encompassing transition-metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, with unique physical, chemical, electronic and mechanical properties for various emerging applications across different fields. To date, the potentials of MXenes for biomedical application such as drug delivery have not been thoroughly explored due to the lack of information on their biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and biomolecule-surface interaction. In this study, we developed novel drug delivery system from MXene for the controlled release of a model therapeutic protein. First, the structural, chemical and morphological properties of as synthesized MXenes were probed with electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Second, the potential cytotoxicity of MXene toward the proliferation and cell morphology of murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were evaluated with MTT assays and electron microscopy, respectively. Moreover, the drug loading capacities and sustained release capabilities of MXene were assessed in conjunction with machine learning approaches. Our results demonstrated that MXene did not significantly induce cellular toxicity at any concentration below 1 mg/ml which is within the range for effective dose of drug delivery vehicle. Most importantly, MXene was efficiently loaded with FITC-catalase for subsequently achieving controlled release under different pHs. The release profiles of catalase from MXene showed higher initial rate under basic buffer (pH 9) compared to that in physiological (pH 7.4) and acidic buffers (pH 2). Taken together, the results of this study lead to a fundamental advancement toward the use of MXene as a nanocarrier for therapeutic proteins in drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibobek Seitak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aya Shanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kenana Al Adem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nouran Farid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Shaohong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Javad Iskandarov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Georgios N Karanikolos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kin Liao
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Vincent Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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3
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In vitro review of nanoparticles attacking macrophages: Interaction and cell death. Life Sci 2022; 307:120840. [PMID: 35905812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the wide application of nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably leads to environmental pollution and human exposure, and its safety has attracted more and more attention. Since macrophages are the cells most directly exposed to multi-pathway invading NPs in the body, it is necessary to assess of toxic effects of NPs in macrophages, clarify the potential mechanisms of NPs toxicity to improve our understanding about the interaction of NPs with macrophages in vivo, and avoid body damage. Currently, studies on the toxicity of NPs to macrophages are rare and mainly focused on in vitro, so this paper integrated the toxic effect of macrophages exposed to NPs and the macrophages cellular changes following the interaction with NPs, including NPs internalization, ROS production, cytokines alterations, DNA damage and cell death, and further explored the involved mechanisms. This review aims to provide some insights into the further toxicological studies of NPs.
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4
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Huang X, Tang M. Research advance on cell imaging and cytotoxicity of different types of quantum Dots. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:342-361. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing P.R. China
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5
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Mirnajafizadeh F, Ramsey D, McAlpine S, Wang F, Stride JA. Nanoparticles for Bioapplications: Study of the Cytotoxicity of Water Dispersible CdSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E465. [PMID: 30897752 PMCID: PMC6474084 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) have unique optical and physical properties that make them potential imaging tools in biological and medical applications. However, concerns over the aqueous dispersivity, toxicity to cells, and stability in biological environments may limit the use of QDs in such applications. Here, we report an investigation into the cytotoxicity of aqueously dispersed CdSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO core/shell QDs in the presence of human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and a human skin fibroblast cell line (WS1). The cytotoxicity of the precursor solutions used in the synthesis of the CdSe(S) QDs was also determined in the presence of HCT-116 cells. CdSe(S) QDs were found to have a low toxicity at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL, with a decreased cell viability at higher concentrations, indicating a highly dose-dependent response. Meanwhile, CdSe(S)/ZnO core/shell QDs exhibited lower toxicity than uncoated QDs at higher concentrations. Confocal microscopy images of HCT-116 cells after incubation with CdSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO QDs showed that the cells were stable in aqueous concentrations of 100 µg of QDs per mL, with no sign of cell necrosis, confirming the cytotoxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Ramsey
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shelli McAlpine
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - John Arron Stride
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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6
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Hill EK, Li J. Current and future prospects for nanotechnology in animal production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:26. [PMID: 28316783 PMCID: PMC5351054 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the human medical field for quite some time, though their application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively new. Recently, production demands on the livestock industry have been centered around the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to growing concern over microbial antibiotic resistance. With many countries reporting increased incidences of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, laws and regulations are being updated to end in-feed antibiotic use in the animal production industry. This sets the need for suitable alternatives to be established for inclusion in feed. Many reports have shown evidence that nanoparticles may be good candidates for animal growth promotion and antimicrobials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnological applications in animal production will be the focus of this review and the emerging roles of nanoparticles for nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, and tools in veterinary medicine and reproduction will be discussed. Additionally, influences on meat, egg, and milk quality will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Hill
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong China.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Building #70, Guelph, ON N1G 2 W1 Canada
| | - Julang Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong China.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Building #70, Guelph, ON N1G 2 W1 Canada
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7
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Tagit O, de Ruiter M, Brasch M, Ma Y, Cornelissen JJLM. Quantum dot encapsulation in virus-like particles with tuneable structural properties and low toxicity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06684h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dot encapsulation within cowpea chlorotic mottle virus-based capsid proteins to obtain size-tuneable, non-toxic, luminescent imaging probes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Tagit
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - M. V. de Ruiter
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Brasch
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Y. Ma
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - J. J. L. M. Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
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8
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Chen Q, Lin GM, Wu N, Tang SW, Zheng ZJ, Lin MCM, Xu GX, Liu H, Deng YY, Zhang XY, Chen SP, Wang XM, Niu HB. Early exposure of rotating magnetic fields promotes central nervous regeneration in planarian Girardia sinensis. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:244-55. [PMID: 27061713 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field exposure is an accepted safe and effective modality for nerve injury. However, it is clinically used only as a supplement or salvage therapy at the later stage of treatment. Here, we used a planarian Girardia sinensis decapitated model to investigate beneficial effects of early rotary non-uniform magnetic fields (RMFs) exposure on central nervous regeneration. Our results clearly indicated that magnetic stimulation induced from early RMFs exposure significantly promoted neural regeneration of planarians. This stimulating effect is frequency and intensity dependent. Optimum effects were obtained when decapitated planarians were cultured at 20 °C, starved for 3 days before head-cutting, and treated with 6 Hz 0.02 T RMFs. At early regeneration stage, RMFs exposure eliminated edema around the wound and facilitated subsequent formation of blastema. It also accelerated cell proliferation and recovery of neuron functionality. Early RMFs exposure up-regulated expression of neural regeneration related proteins, EGR4 and Netrin 2, and mature nerve cell marker proteins, NSE and NPY. These results suggest that RMFs therapy produced early and significant benefit in central nervous regeneration, and should be clinically used at the early stage of neural regeneration, with appropriate optimal frequency and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gui-miao Lin
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-wei Tang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-jia Zheng
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Marie Chia-mi Lin
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gai-xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yue-yue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-yun Zhang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Si-ping Chen
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-mei Wang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Han-ben Niu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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9
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Wang X, Tian J, Yong KT, Zhu X, Lin MCM, Jiang W, Li J, Huang Q, Lin G. Immunotoxicity assessment of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in macrophages, lymphocytes and BALB/c mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:10. [PMID: 26846666 PMCID: PMC4743154 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The toxicity of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in the environment and biological systems has become a major concern for the nanoparticle community. However, the potential toxicity of QDs on immune cells and its corresponding immune functions remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the immunotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDs using the in vitro in macrophages and lymphocytes and in vivo in BALB/c mice. RESULTS Our results indicated that macrophages treated with 1.25 or 2.5 nM QDs exhibited decreased cell viability, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated apoptotic events, altered phagocytic ability, and decreased release of TNF-α and IL-6 by upon subsequent stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, lymphocytes exposed to QDs exhibited enhanced cell viability, increased release of TNF-α and IL-6 following exposure with CpG-ODN, and decreased transformation ability treatment in response to LPS. To study the in vivo effects in mice, we showed that QDs injection did not cause significant changes to body weight, hematology, organ histology, and phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages in QDs-treated mice. In addition, the QDs formulation accumulated in major immune organs for more than 42 days. Lymphocytes from QDs-treated mice showed reduced cell viability, changed subtype proportions, increased TNF-α and IL-6 release, and reduced transformation ability in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggested that exposures to CdSe/ZnS QDs could suppress immune-defense against foreign stimuli, which in turn could result in increased susceptibility of hosts to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China. .,Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China. .,The Institute of Urinary and Reproductive, Shenzhen Key lab of Translational Medicine of Tumor, The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinglin Tian
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China. .,Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Xuedan Zhu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Marie Chia-Mi Lin
- Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qijun Huang
- Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guimiao Lin
- Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China. .,The Institute of Urinary and Reproductive, Shenzhen Key lab of Translational Medicine of Tumor, The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Zhu X, Yang X, Fan Y, Zhang X. The positive role of macrophage secretion stimulated by BCP ceramic in the ceramic-induced osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts via Smad-related signaling pathways. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that material-mediated immune responses, particularly macrophage secretion might play a vital role in material-induced osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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11
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Karatutlu A, Song M, Wheeler AP, Ersoy O, Little WR, Zhang Y, Puech P, Boi FS, Luklinska Z, Sapelkin AV. Synthesis and structure of free-standing germanium quantum dots and their application in live cell imaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidally synthesized free-standing Ge qdots with a unique core–shell structure were demonstrated to be a viable bio-imaging probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karatutlu
- Centre
- for Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Queen Mary, University of London
- London
| | - Mingying Song
- Centre
- for Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Queen Mary, University of London
- London
| | - Ann P. Wheeler
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Sciences
- Barts and the Royal London Hospital School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Queen Mary, University of London
- UK
| | - Osman Ersoy
- Centre
- for Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Queen Mary, University of London
- London
| | - William R. Little
- Centre
- for Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Queen Mary, University of London
- London
| | - Yuanpeng Zhang
- Centre
- for Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Queen Mary, University of London
- London
| | - Pascal Puech
- CEMES-CNRS
- University of Toulouse
- 31055 Toulouse
- France
| | - Filippo S. Boi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary, University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Zofia Luklinska
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- People's Republic of China
| | - Andrei V. Sapelkin
- Centre
- for Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Queen Mary, University of London
- London
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