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Kumar P, Kumar B, Gihar S, Kumar D. Review on emerging trends and challenges in the modification of xanthan gum for various applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109070. [PMID: 38460462 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the realm of structural modifications and broad spectrum of their potential applications, with a special focus on the synthesis of xanthan gum derivatives through graft copolymerization methods. It delves into the creation of these derivatives by attaching functional groups (-OH and -COOH) to xanthan gum, utilizing a variety of initiators for grafting, and examining their diverse applications, especially in the areas of food packaging, pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial activities. Xanthan gum is a biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic, bioactive, and cost-effective natural polymer derived from Xanthomonas species. The native properties of xanthan gum can be improved by cross-linking, grafting, curing, blending, and various modification techniques. Grafted xanthan gum has excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing ability. Owing to its remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility and its ability to form gels resembling the extracellular matrix of tissues, modified xanthan gum finds extensive utility across biomedicine, engineering, and the food industry. Furthermore, the review also covers various modified derivatives of xanthan gum that exhibit excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing abilities. These applications could serve as important resources for a wide range of industries in future product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
| | - Sachin Gihar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
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Baghel M, Sakure K, Giri TK, Maiti S, Nakhate KT, Ojha S, Sharma C, Agrawal Y, Goyal S, Badwaik H. Carboxymethylated Gums and Derivatization: Strategies and Significance in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050776. [PMID: 37242559 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have been widely exploited in drug delivery and tissue engineering research. They exhibit excellent biocompatibility and fewer adverse effects; however, it is challenging to assess their bioactivities to that of manufactured synthetics because of their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics. Studies showed that the carboxymethylation of polysaccharides considerably increases the aqueous solubility and bioactivities of inherent polysaccharides and offers structural diversity, but it also has some limitations that can be resolved by derivatization or the grafting of carboxymethylated gums. The swelling ratio, flocculation capacity, viscosity, partition coefficient, metal absorption properties, and thermosensitivity of natural polysaccharides have been improved as a result of these changes. In order to create better and functionally enhanced polysaccharides, researchers have modified the structures and properties of carboxymethylated gums. This review summarizes the various ways of modifying carboxymethylated gums, explores the impact that molecular modifications have on their physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities, and sheds light on various applications for the derivatives of carboxymethylated polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Baghel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Junwani, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kalyani Sakure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kurud Road, Kohka, Bhilai 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yogeeta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Badwaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Junwani, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
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Dalei G, Das S. Carboxymethyl guar gum: A review of synthesis, properties and versatile applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Badwaik HR, Kumari L, Maiti S, Sakure K, Ajazuddin, Nakhate KT, Tiwari V, Giri TK. A review on challenges and issues with carboxymethylation of natural gums: The widely used excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:2197-2212. [PMID: 35508229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diverse properties of natural gums have made them quite useful for various pharmaceutical applications. However, they suffer from various problems, including unregulated hydration rates, microbial degradation, and decline in viscosity during warehousing. Among various chemical procedures for modification of gums, carboxymethylation has been widely studied due to its simplicity and efficiency. Despite the availability of numerous research articles on natural gums and their uses, a comprehensive review on carboxymethylation of natural gums and their applications in the pharmaceutical and other biomedical fields is not published until now. This review outlines the classification of gums and their derivatization methods. Further, we have discussed various techniques of carboxymethylation, process of determination of degree of substitution, and functionalization pattern of substituted gums. Detailed information about the application of carboxymethyl gums as drug delivery carriers has been described. The article also gives a brief account on tissue engineering and cell delivery potential of carboxymethylated gums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Ramachandra Badwaik
- Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Junwani, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Leena Kumari
- School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Kalyani Sakure
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Reasearch, Kurud Road, Kohka, Bhilai 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Reasearch, Kurud Road, Kohka, Bhilai 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Junwani, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Parhi R, Sahoo SK, Das A. Applications of polysaccharides in topical and transdermal drug delivery: A recent update of literature. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anik Das
- GITAM Deemed to be University, India
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Zhu W, Han C, Dong Y, Jian B. Enzyme-responsive mechanism based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and pectin complex tablets for oral colon-specific drug delivery system. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Simon J, Flahaut E, Golzio M. Overview of Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E624. [PMID: 30791507 PMCID: PMC6416648 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The unique combination of mechanical, optical and electrical properties offered by carbon nanotubes has fostered research for their use in many kinds of applications, including the biomedical field. However, due to persisting outstanding questions regarding their potential toxicity when considered as free particles, the research is now focusing on their immobilization on substrates for interface tuning or as biosensors, as load in nanocomposite materials where they improve both mechanical and electrical properties or even for direct use as scaffolds for tissue engineering. After a brief introduction to carbon nanotubes in general and their proposed applications in the biomedical field, this review will focus on nanocomposite materials with hydrogel-based matrices and especially their potential future use for diagnostics, tissue engineering or targeted drug delivery. The toxicity issue will also be briefly described in order to justify the safe(r)-by-design approach offered by carbon nanotubes-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Simon
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, B.t. CIRIMAT, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, B.t. CIRIMAT, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
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Teradal NL, Jelinek R. Carbon Nanomaterials in Biological Studies and Biomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28777502 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The "carbon nano-world" has made over the past few decades huge contributions in diverse scientific disciplines and technological advances. While dramatic advances have been widely publicized in using carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene in materials sciences, nano-electronics, and photonics, their contributions to biology and biomedicine have been noteworthy as well. This Review focuses on the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon quantum dots [encompassing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (C-dots)] in biologically oriented materials and applications. Examples of these remarkable nanomaterials in bio-sensing, cell- and tissue-imaging, regenerative medicine, and other applications are presented and discussed, emphasizing the significance of their unique properties and their future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagappa L. Teradal
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
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Kumar S, Rani R, Dilbaghi N, Tankeshwar K, Kim KH. Carbon nanotubes: a novel material for multifaceted applications in human healthcare. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:158-196. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances achieved in modern material technology, especially in device fabrication, have facilitated diverse materials to expand the list of their application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - Ruma Rani
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - K. Tankeshwar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
- Department of Physics
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- Republic of Korea
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Malviya R, Sharma PK, Dubey SK. Modification of polysaccharides: Pharmaceutical and tissue engineering applications with commercial utility (patents). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:929-938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pal A, Majumder K, Bandyopadhyay A. Surfactant mediated synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) grafted xanthan gum and its efficient role in adsorption of soluble inorganic mercury from water. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mandal B, Das D, Rameshbabu AP, Dhara S, Pal S. A biodegradable, biocompatible transdermal device derived from carboxymethyl cellulose and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sustained release of diclofenac sodium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid nanocomposite hydrogel (CMC–MWCNT) has been fabricated using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at room temperature for transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Mandal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004
- India
| | - Dipankar Das
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004
- India
| | - Arun Prabhu Rameshbabu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Sagar Pal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004
- India
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Giri A, Bhunia T, Pal A, Goswami L, Bandyopadhyay A. In-situ synthesis of polyacrylate grafted carboxymethyl guargum–carbon nanotube membranes for potential application in controlled drug delivery. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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