1
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Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Sun X, Chai Y, Xu X, Hu Y. Rapid Self-Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Rigid Mesoporous Yeast-Based Microspheres for Sensitive Immunoassay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43450-43461. [PMID: 30457828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, inexpensive, eco-friendly, and high-throughput biological strategy for the preparation of functional microspheres on a yeast-cell platform was introduced. Microspheres prepared through the treatment of yeast cells with formaldehyde and decoating buffer exhibited excellent characteristics, such as superior mechanical strength, high sulfhydryl group content, and mesoporous structure. Au nanoparticles (NPs) easily and rapidly self-assembled onto the surfaces of the yeast-based microspheres within 5 min to form rigid yeast@Au microspheres with high monodispersity and uniformity. The rapid formation of yeast@Au microspheres mainly involved the enhancement of sulfhydryl groups and mesoporosity. The yeast@Au microspheres were successfully used in a flow cytometry immunoassay to detect Pseudorabies viral infection events. Signal-to-noise ratio was enhanced by approximately 49.4-fold. The presence of Au NPs on the yeast-based microspheres greatly improved sensitivity by decreasing noise through reducing nonspecific adsorption, highly enhancing the fluorescence signal caused by the surface plasmon resonance effect, and increasing the coupling efficiency of the capture protein. The presented method was used to analyze 81 clinical swine serum specimens. The results obtained by this developed method were compared to those of commercial diagnostic kits. The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the developed method were 92.31, 88.24, and 88.89%, respectively. The excellent characteristics of the yeast@Au microspheres illustrate its great potential for high-throughput immunoassay applications in the fields of disease diagnosis, environmental analysis, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiangdong Xu
- School of Public Health , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , China
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2
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Wilkins L, Badi N, Du Prez F, Gibson MI. Double-Modified Glycopolymers from Thiolactones to Modulate Lectin Selectivity and Affinity. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1498-1502. [PMID: 30662815 PMCID: PMC6326524 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent glycomaterials show high affinity toward lectins but are often nonselective as they lack the precise 3-D presentation found in native glycans. Here, thiolactone chemistry is exploited to enable the synthesis of glycopolymers with both a primary binding (galactose) and a variable secondary binding unit in close proximity to each other on the linker. These polymers are used to target the Cholera toxin B subunit, CTxB, inspired by its native branched glycan target, GM-1. The secondary, nonbinding unit was shown to dramatically modulate affinity and selectivity toward the Cholera toxin. These increasingly complex glycopolymers, assembled using accessible chemistry, can help breach the synthetic/biological divide to obtain future glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
E. Wilkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer
Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC),
Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer
Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC),
Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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3
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Boden S, Wagner KG, Karg M, Hartmann L. Presenting Precision Glycomacromolecules on Gold Nanoparticles for Increased Lectin Binding. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E716. [PMID: 30966014 PMCID: PMC6418785 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles have great potential as biosensors and as inhibitors due to their increased binding to carbohydrate-recognizing receptors such as the lectins. Here we apply previously developed solid phase polymer synthesis to obtain a series of precision glycomacromolecules that allows for straightforward variation of their chemical structure as well as functionalization of gold nanoparticles by ligand exchange. A novel building block is introduced allowing for the change of spacer building blocks within the macromolecular scaffold going from an ethylene glycol unit to an aliphatic spacer. Furthermore, the valency and overall length of the glycomacromolecule is varied. All glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles show high degree of functionalization along with high stability in buffer solution. Therefore, a series of measurements applying UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were performed studying the aggregation behavior of the glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles in presence of model lectin Concanavalin A. While the multivalent presentation of glycomacromolecules on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed a strong increase in binding compared to the free ligands, we also observed an influence of the chemical structure of the ligand such as its valency or hydrophobicity on the resulting lectin interactions. The straightforward variation of the chemical structure of the precision glycomacromolecule thus gives access to tailor-made glyco-gold nanoparticles (glyco-AuNPs) and fine-tuning of their lectin binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Boden
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kristina G Wagner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Abstract
Colorimetric detection of target analytes with high specificity and sensitivity is of fundamental importance to clinical and personalized point-of-care diagnostics. Because of their extraordinary optical properties, plasmonic nanomaterials have been introduced into colorimetric sensing systems, which provide significantly improved sensitivity in various biosensing applications. Here we review the recent progress on these plasmonic nanoparticles-based colorimetric nanosensors for ultrasensitive molecular diagnostics. According to their different colorimetric signal generation mechanisms, these plasmonic nanosensors are classified into two categories: (1) interparticle distance-dependent colorimetric assay based on target-induced forming cross-linking assembly/aggregate of plasmonic nanoparticles; and (2) size/morphology-dependent colorimetric assay by target-controlled growth/etching of the plasmonic nanoparticles. The sensing fundamentals and cutting-edge applications will be provided for each of them, particularly focusing on signal generation and/or amplification mechanisms that realize ultrasensitive molecular detection. Finally, we also discuss the challenge and give our future perspective in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Mobile phone-based biosensing: An emerging “diagnostic and communication” technology. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:549-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Zarei M. Portable biosensing devices for point-of-care diagnostics: Recent developments and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Ieong NS, Biggs CI, Walker M, Gibson MI. Comparison of RAFT derived Poly(vinylpyrolidone) verses Poly(oligoethyleneglycol methacrylate) for the Stabilization of Glycosylated Gold Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2017; 55:1200-1208. [PMID: 29225417 PMCID: PMC5718293 DOI: 10.1002/pola.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates dictate many biological processes including infection by pathogens. Glycosylated polymers and nanomaterials which have increased affinity due to the cluster glycoside effect, are therefore useful tools to probe function, but also as prophylactic therapies or diagnostic tools. Here, the effect of polymer structure on the coating of gold nanoparticles is studied in the context of grafting density, buffer stability and in a lectin binding assay. RAFT polymerization is used to generate poly(oligoethyleneglycol methacrylates) and poly(N-vinyl pyrolidones) with a thiol end-group for subsequent immobilization onto the gold. It is observed that poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylates), despite being widely used particle coatings, lead to low grafting densities which in turn resulted in lower stability in biological buffers. A depression of the cloud point upon nanoparticle immobilization is also seen, which might compromise performance. In comparison poly(vinyl pyrolidones) resulted in stable particles with higher grafting densities due to the compact size of each monomer unit. The higher grafting density also enabled an increase in the number of carbohydrates which can be installed per nanoparticle at the chain ends, and gave increased binding in a lectin recognition assay. These results will guide the development of new nanoparticle biosensors with enhanced specificity, affinity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Sze Ieong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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8
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Richards SJ, Otten L, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticle libraries for label-free multiplexed lectin biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3046-3053. [PMID: 27162639 PMCID: PMC4859411 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycan/lectin interactions drive a wide range of recognition and signal transduction processes within nature. However, their measurement is complicated or limited by the analytical tools available. Most technologies require fluorescently labelled proteins (e.g. microarrays) or expensive infrastructure (such as surface plasmon resonance). This also limits their application in biosensing, especially for low-resource settings, where detection of pathogens based on glycan binding could speed up diagnosis. Here we employ a library-oriented approach to immobilise a range of monosaccharides onto polymer-stabilised gold nanoparticles to enable rapid and high-throughput evaluation of their binding specificities with a panel of lectins. The red to blue colour shift upon gold nanoparticle aggregation is used as the output, removing the need for labelled protein, enabling compatibility with 96-well microplates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a flatbed scanner (or digital camera) to extract biophysical data, ensuring that only minimal resources are required. Finally, linear discriminant analysis is employed to demonstrate how the glyconanoparticles can be applied as a multiplexed biosensor capable of identifying pathogenic lectins without the need for any infrastructure and overcoming some of the issues of lectin promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
| | - Lucienne Otten
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
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9
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Abstract
Recent advances in Au NP based optical sensing systems for various analytes based on absorption, fluorescence and SERS are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Cho-Chun Hu
- Department of Applied Science
- National Taitung University
- Taitung 95002
- Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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10
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Mitchell DE, Congdon T, Rodger A, Gibson MI. Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation as a Probe of Antifreeze (Glyco) Protein-Inspired Ice Recrystallization Inhibition and Identification of New IRI Active Macromolecules. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15716. [PMID: 26499135 PMCID: PMC4620503 DOI: 10.1038/srep15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze (glyco)proteins are found in polar fish species and act to slow the rate of growth of ice crystals; a property known as ice recrystallization inhibition. The ability to slow ice growth is of huge technological importance especially in the cryopreservation of donor cells and tissue, but native antifreeze proteins are often not suitable, nor easily available. Therefore, the search for new materials that mimic this function is important, but currently limited by the low-throughout assays associated with the antifreeze properties. Here 30 nm gold nanoparticles are demonstrated to be useful colorimetric probes for ice recrystallization inhibition, giving a visible optical response and is compatible with 96 well plates for high-throughout studies. This method is faster, requires less infrastructure, and has easier interpretation than the currently used 'splat' methods. Using this method, a series of serum proteins were identified to have weak, but specific ice recrystallization inhibition activity, which was removed upon denaturation. It is hoped that high-throughput tools such as this will accelerate the discovery of new antifreeze mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC DTC, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thomas Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alison Rodger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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11
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Angione MD, Duff T, Bell AP, Stamatin SN, Fay C, Diamond D, Scanlan EM, Colavita PE. Enhanced Antifouling Properties of Carbohydrate Coated Poly(ether sulfone) Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17238-17246. [PMID: 26192984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ether sulfone) membranes (PES) were modified with biologically active monosaccharides and disaccharides using aryldiazonium chemistry as a mild, one-step, surface-modification strategy. We previously proposed the modification of carbon, metals, and alloys with monosaccharides using the same method; herein, we demonstrate modification of PES membranes and the effect of chemisorbed carbohydrate layers on their resistance to biofouling. Glycosylated PES surfaces were characterized using spectroscopic methods and tested against their ability to interact with specific carbohydrate-binding proteins. Galactose-, mannose-, and lactose-modified PES surfaces were exposed to Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) solutions to assess unspecific protein adsorption in the laboratory and were found to adsorb significantly lower amounts of BSA compared to bare membranes. The ability of molecular carbohydrate layers to impart antifouling properties was further tested in the field via long-term immersive tests at a wastewater treatment plant. A combination of ATP content assays, infrared spectroscopic characterization and He-ion microscopy (HIM) imaging were used to investigate biomass accumulation at membranes. We show that, beyond laboratory applications and in the case of complex aqueous environments that are rich in biomass such as wastewater effluent, we observe significantly lower biofouling at carbohydrate-modified PES than at bare PES membrane surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daniela Angione
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas Duff
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alan P Bell
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Serban N Stamatin
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cormac Fay
- §Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- §Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paula E Colavita
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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12
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Jin HY, Li DW, Zhang N, Gu Z, Long YT. Analyzing Carbohydrate-Protein Interaction Based on Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle by Conventional Dark Field Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12249-12253. [PMID: 25985863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a practical method to analyze carbohydrate-protein interaction based on single plasmonic nanoparticles by conventional dark field microscopy (DFM). Protein concanavalin A (ConA) was modified on large sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and dextran was conjugated on small sized AuNPs. As the interaction between ConA and dextran resulted in two kinds of gold nanoparticles coupled together, which caused coupling of plasmonic oscillations, apparent color changes (from green to yellow) of the single AuNPs were observed through DFM. Then, the color information was instantly transformed into a statistic peak wavelength distribution in less than 1 min by a self-developed statistical program (nanoparticleAnalysis). In addition, the interaction between ConA and dextran was proved with biospecific recognition. This approach is high-throughput and real-time, and is a convenient method to analyze carbohydrate-protein interaction at the single nanoparticle level efficiently.
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13
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Yuan F, Wang S, Lu W, Chen G, Tu K, Jiang H, Wang LQ. Facile preparation of cancer-specific polyelectrolyte nanogels from natural and synthetic sugar polymers. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4546-4554. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated polyelectrolyte nanogels prepared from natural and synthetic sugar polymers with excellent colloidal stability, specific bioactivities and imaging ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Kehua Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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14
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Richards SJ, Gibson MI. Optimization of the Polymer Coating for Glycosylated Gold Nanoparticle Biosensors to Ensure Stability and Rapid Optical Readouts. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1004-1008. [PMID: 35610783 DOI: 10.1021/mz5004882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of new analytical tools to probe pathogenic infection processes and as point-of-care biosensors is crucial to combat the spread of infectious diseases or to detect biological warfare agents. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles that change color due to lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) mediated aggregation may find use as biosensors but require a polymer coating between the particle surface and sugar to ensure stability in complex media. Here, RAFT polymerization is employed to generate glycosylated polymers to coat gold nanoparticles. Rather than being a passive component, it is shown here that the polymer coating has to be precisely tuned to achieve a balance between saline (steric) stability and speed of the readout. If the polymer is too long it can prevent or slow aggregation and hence lead to a poor readout in sensing assays. The optimized glyco-nanoparticles are also demonstrated to be useful for rapid detection of a ricin surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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15
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Jones MW, Otten L, Richards SJ, Lowery R, Phillips DJ, Haddleton DM, Gibson MI. Glycopolymers with secondary binding motifs mimic glycan branching and display bacterial lectin selectivity in addition to affinity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52982g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer architecture is exploited as an alternative to glycan synthesis to enhance selectivity towards pathogenic lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - L. Otten
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - S.-J. Richards
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - R. Lowery
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - D. J. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | | | - M. I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
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