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Moher D, Ren G, Niedzwiedzki DM, Mishra R, Thimsen E. Photonic Properties of Thin Films Composed of Gallium Nitride Quantum Dots Synthesized by Nonequilibrium Plasma Aerotaxy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17927-17936. [PMID: 38546411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Gallium nitride quantum dots (GaN QDs) are a promising material for optoelectronics, but the synthesis of freestanding GaN QDs remains a challenge. To date, the size-dependent photonic properties of freestanding GaN QDs have not been reported. Here, we examine the photonic properties exhibited by thin films composed of GaN QDs synthesized by nonequilibrium plasma aerotaxy. Each film exhibited two photoluminescence peaks after exposure to ambient air. The first peak was in the ultraviolet spectral region, and the second peak was in the visible region. Both peak positions depended on the QD size. Our findings, supported by transient absorption spectroscopy experiments, suggest that conduction band to valence band recombination was the cause of the ultraviolet photoluminescence and that recombination between the conduction band and an acceptor level was the cause of visible photoluminescence. Furthermore, we show that coating the surface of fresh QDs with Al2O3 suppressed the visible region photoluminescence, corroborating the conclusion that the photoactive defect was caused by oxidation in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Moher
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Guodong Ren
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Elijah Thimsen
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Giroire B, Garcia A, Marre S, Cardinal T, Aymonier C. Chemistry Platform for the Ultrafast Continuous Synthesis of High-Quality III-V Quantum Dots. Chemistry 2021; 27:12965-12970. [PMID: 34278628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A chemistry platform for the fast continuous synthesis of III-V quantum dots is demonstrated. III-nitride QDs are prepared by using short residence times (less than 30 s) in a one-step continuous process with supercritical solvents. GaN QDs prepared via this route exhibit strong UV photoluminescence with a structuring of the emission signal at low temperature (5 K), confirming their high quality. An example of metal site substitution is given with the synthesis of Inx Ga1-x N solid solution. A continuous bandgap shift towards lower energies is demonstrated when increasing the indium content with strong photoluminescence signals from UV to visible. The chemistry platform proposed could be easily extrapolated to binary and ternary III phosphides or arsenides with the homologous V source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Giroire
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Alain Garcia
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Samuel Marre
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
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PL Tunable GaN Nanoparticles Synthesis through Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation in Different Environments. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030439. [PMID: 32121375 PMCID: PMC7153704 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The tunable photoluminescence (PL) property is very important for gallium nitride (GaN) nanoparticles in the application of ultraviolet and blue optoelectronic devices, while conventional methods are not so satisfactory that alternative methods for preparing GaN nanoparticles should be studied. In this paper, ultra-small and well dispersed GaN nanoparticles are fabricated through femtosecond pulse laser ablation in air, water and ethanol. For the PL spectra of GaN nanoparticles, there are no shifts in air, red shifts in water and blue shifts in ethanol compared with the intrinsic PL spectra of bulk GaN. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrate that the various PL spectra can be due to the different components inside the GaN nanoparticles, which not only have effect on the PL emissions, but also greatly influence the intensity of PL. This study validates that the ablation environment has a great adjustable effect on the properties of GaN nanoparticles.
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Gaiser HF, Popescu R, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. Ionic-liquid-based synthesis of GaN nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2312-2315. [PMID: 31989136 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09133e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GaN nanoparticles, 3-8 nm in diameter, are prepared by a microwave-assisted reaction of GaCl3 and KNH2 in ionic liquids. Instantaneously after the liquid-phase synthesis, the β-GaN nanoparticles are single-crystalline. The band gap is blue-shifted by 0.6 eV in comparison to bulk-GaN indicating quantum confinement effects. The GaN nanoparticles show intense green emission with a quantum yield of 55 ± 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Gaiser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöttle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Fabian Gyger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Egeberg A, Warmuth L, Riegsinger S, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. Pyridine-based low-temperature synthesis of CoN, Ni3N and Cu3N nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9957-9960. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04893b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CoN, Ni3N and Cu3N nanoparticles were prepared via low-temperature, oxygen-free liquid-phase synthesis in refluxing pyridine. This approach, leading to high-purity, narrow-size (3–5 nm) nitrides, can be generally very promising for obtaining nanosized nitrides and to address their material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Egeberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Lucas Warmuth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Sven Riegsinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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Wolf S, Feldmann C. Mikroemulsionen: neue Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung der Synthese anorganischer Nanopartikel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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Wolf S, Feldmann C. Microemulsions: Options To Expand the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15728-15752. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Giroire B, Marre S, Garcia A, Cardinal T, Aymonier C. Continuous supercritical route for quantum-confined GaN nanoparticles. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
GaN quantum dots (QDs) are prepared in a one-step continuous process using anhydrous solvents at supercritical conditions (and temperatures below 450 °C) in short residence times, typically less than 25 s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Marre
- CNRS
- ICMCB
- UPR 9048
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
| | - A. Garcia
- CNRS
- ICMCB
- UPR 9048
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
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Woidy P, Karttunen AJ, Widenmeyer M, Niewa R, Kraus F. On Copper(I) Fluorides, the Cuprophilic Interaction, the Preparation of Copper Nitride at Room Temperature, and the Formation Mechanism at Elevated Temperatures. Chemistry 2015; 21:3290-303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Woidy
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg (Germany) http://www.uni‐marburg.de/fb15/ag‐kraus/
| | | | - Marc Widenmeyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
- Current address: Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Rainer Niewa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg (Germany) http://www.uni‐marburg.de/fb15/ag‐kraus/
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