Direct Observation of Enhanced Iodine Binding within a Series of Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks with Exceptional Irradiation Stability

Optimization of active sites and stability under irradiation are important targets for sorbent materials that might be used for iodine (I2) storage. Herein, we report the direct observation of I2 binding in a series of Cu(II)-based isostructural metal-organic frameworks, MFM-170, MFM-172, MFM-174, NJU-Bai20, and NJU-Bai21, incorporating various functional groups (-H, -CH3, - NH2, -C≡C-, and -CONH-, respectively). MFM-170 shows a reversible uptake of 3.37 g g-1 and a high packing density of 4.41 g cm-3 for physiosorbed I2. The incorporation of -NH2 and -C≡C- moieties in MFM-174 and NJU-Bai20, respectively, enhances the binding of I2, affording uptakes of up to 3.91 g g-1. In addition, an exceptional I2 packing density of 4.83 g cm-3 is achieved in MFM-174, comparable to that of solid iodine (4.93 g cm-3). In situ crystallographic studies show the formation of a range of supramolecular and chemical interactions [I···N, I···H2N] and [I···C≡C, I-C═C-I] between -NH2, -C≡C- sites, respectively, and adsorbed I2 molecules. These observations have been confirmed via a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopies. Importantly, γ-irradiation confirmed the ultraresistance of MFM-170, MFM-174, and NJU-Bai20 suggesting their potential as efficient sorbents for cleanup of radioactive waste.

Cu(II) Coordination Polymers Containing Mixed Ligands with Different Flexibilities: Structural Diversity and Iodine Adsorption

Reactions of N,N'-bis(3-methylpyridyl)oxalamide (L1), N,N'-bis(3-methylpyridyl)adipoamide (L2) and N,N'-bis(3-methylpyridyl)sebacoamide (L3) with tricarboxylic acids and Cu(II) salts afforded {[Cu(L1)(1,3,5-HBTC)]·H2O}n (1,3,5-H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), 1, {[Cu1.5(L2)1.5(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)2]·6.5H2O}n, 2, [Cu(L2)0.5(1,3,5-HBTB)]n (1,3,5-H3BTB = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene), 3, [Cu4(L3)(OH)2(1,3,5-BTC)2]n, 4, {[Cu3(L3)2(1,3,5-BTB)2]·2.5MeOH·2H2O}n, 5, and {[Cu3(L3)2(1,3,5-BTB)2 ]·DMF·2H2O}n, 6, which have been structurally characterized by using single crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1-4 form a 2D layer with the {44.62}-sql topology, a 2D layer with the (4.62)2(42.62.82)-bex topology, a three-fold interpenetrated 3D net with the (412·63)-pcu topology and a 3D framework with the (410·632·83)(42·6)2(43·63) topology, respectively, whereas 5 and 6 are 3D frameworks with the (63)2(64·82)(68·85·102) topology. Complex 5 shows a better iodine adsorption factor of 290.0 mg g-1 at 60 °C for 360 min than the other ones, revealing that the flexibility of the spacer ligand governs the structural diversity and the adsorption capacity.

Study on Gas Sorption and Iodine Uptake of a Metal-Organic Framework Based on Curcumin

Medi-MOF-1 is a highly porous Metal-Organic framework (MOF) constructed from Zn(II) and curcumin. The obtained crystal was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A micrometer-sized crystal with similar morphology was successfully obtained using the solvothermal method. Thanks to its high surface area, good stability, and abound pores, the as-synthesized medi-MOF-1 could be used as a functional porous material to adsorb different gases (H₂, CO₂, CH₄, and N₂) and iodine (I₂). The activated sample exhibited a high I₂ adsorption ability of 1.936 g g^-1 at room temperature via vapor diffusion. Meanwhile, the adsorbed I₂ could be released slowly in ethanol, confirming the potential application for I₂ adsorption.

Adsorption of iodine in metal-organic framework materials

Nuclear power will continue to provide energy for the foreseeable future, but it can pose significant challenges in terms of the disposal of waste and potential release of untreated radioactive substances. Iodine is a volatile product from uranium fission and is particularly problematic due to its solubility. Different isotopes of iodine present different issues for people and the environment. 129I has an extremely long half-life of 1.57 × 107 years and poses a long-term environmental risk due to bioaccumulation. In contrast, 131I has a shorter half-life of 8.02 days and poses a significant risk to human health. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop secure, efficient and economic stores to capture and sequester ionic and neutral iodine residues. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are a new generation of solid sorbents that have wide potential applicability for gas adsorption and substrate binding, and recently there is emerging research on their use for the selective adsorptive removal of iodine. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art performance of MOFs for iodine adsorption and their host-guest chemistry. Various aspects are discussed, including establishing structure-property relationships between the functionality of the MOF host and iodine binding. The techniques and methodologies used for the characterisation of iodine adsorption and of iodine-loaded MOFs are also discussed together with strategies for designing new MOFs that show improved performance for iodine adsorption.

Nickel(II) Coordination Polymers Supported by Bis-pyridyl-bis-amide and Angular Dicarboxylate Ligands: Role of Ligand Flexibility in Iodine Adsorption

Reactions of N‚N’-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)oxalamide (L¹), N‚N’-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)oxalamide (L²), or N,N’-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)adipoamide) (L³) with angular dicarboxylic acids and Ni(II) salts under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions afforded a series of coordination polymers: {[Ni(L¹)(OBA)(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n (H₂OBA = 4,4-oxydibenzoic acid), 1, {[Ni(L¹)(SDA)(H₂O)₂]·H₂O·CH₃OH}_n (H₂SDA = 4,4-sulfonyldibenzoic acid), 2, {[Ni(L²)(OBA)]·C₂H₅OH}_n, 3, {[Ni(L²)(OBA)]·CH₃OH}_n, 4, {[Ni₂(L²)(SDA)₂(H₂O)₃]·5H₂O}_n, 5, {[Ni₂(L²)(SDA)₂(H₂O)₃]·H₂O·2C₂H₅OH}_n, 6, {[Ni(L³)(OBA)(H₂O)₂]·2H₂O}_n, 7, {[Ni(L³)(SDA)(H₂O)₂]·2H₂O}_n, 8, and {[Ni(L³)₀.₅(SDA)(H₂O)₂]·0.5C₂H₅OH}_n, 9, which have been structurally characterized by using single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 exhibits an interdigitated 2D layer with the 2,4L2 topology and 2 is a 2D layer with the sql topology, while 3 and 4 are 3D frameworks resulting from polycatenated 2D nets with the sql topology and 5 and 6 are 2-fold interpenetrated 3D frameworks with the dia topology. Complexes 7 and 8 are 1D looped chains and 9 is a 2D layer with the 3,4L13 topology. The various structural types in 1–9 indicate that the structural diversity is subject to the flexibility and donor atom position of the neutral spacer ligands and the identity of the angular dicarboxylate ligands, while the role of the solvent is uncertain. The iodine adsorption of 1–9 was also investigated, demonstrating that that the flexibility of the spacer L¹–L³ ligands can be an important factor that governs the feasibility of the iodine adsorption. Moreover, complex 9 shows a better iodine adsorption and encapsulates 166.55 mg g⁻¹ iodine in the vapor phase at 60 °C, which corresponded to 0.38 molecules of iodine per formula unit.

Introducing Zirconium Organic Gels for Efficient Radioiodine Gas Removal

Iodine radioisotope, as one of the most important fission products of uranium, may cause severe damage to human health when it is accidentally discharged into the environment. Hence, efficient removal of radioactive iodine is one of the most critical issues for both used nuclear fuel (UNF) reprocessing and environmental remediation. In this work, three metal-organic gels (MOGs) were introduced for iodine removal. The presented zirconium-based MOGs, namely, CWNU, CWNU-NH₂, and CWNU-2NH₂, were prepared via moderate solvothermal reactions. These MOGs all exhibit excellent chemical stability and reusability, marked iodine sorption capability, and favorable machinability, which can even rival commercial ones. The sorption capacities are determined to be 3.36, 4.10, and 4.20 g/g, respectively. The increased amount of amino group is considered to be responsible for the elevated iodine sorption capacity and kinetics, as confirmed by combined sorption studies and XPS analysis. The presented work sheds light on the utilization of MOGs for radioiodine capture.

ZIF-8 with cationic defects toward efficient 125I2 uptake for in vitro radiotherapy of colon cancer

Introducing 2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium iodide (Dmim) as a monodentate ligand during the preparation of ZIF-8 yields ZIF-8+(50) and ZIF-8+(38) with cationic ‘missing linker’ defects. ZIF-8+(38) adsorbs 125I2 and the resulting radioactive host-guest...

Aluminum molecular rings bearing amino-polyalcohol for iodine capture

Amino-polyalcohol-solvothermal synthesis leads to the isolation of a broad range of aluminum molecular rings, which exhibit considerable affinity towards iodine molecules.

Barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based UiO-66-NH2 adsorbents for iodine gas capture: Characterization, efficiency and mechanisms

Efficient iodine gas capture is necessitated in many industries like spent nuclear fuel off-gas treatment in view of environmental protection and resource recycling. However, the adsorption efficiency and stability of the current adsorbents are limited. In the present work, efficient and stable barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based UiO-66-NH₂ adsorbents (i.e., UiO-66-NH-B.D and UiO-66-NH-T.D, respectively) have been synthesized by post-synthetic covalent modification. Characterization approaches, including SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, ¹H NMR, TGA and BET, are used to obtain information on the properties and adsorption mechanisms of these metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents. The kinetics and mechanisms involved are studied in detail. The treatment efficiency and recyclability of the adsorbents are checked and compared with the adsorbents reported in previous works. The results show that the current adsorbents are potentially suitable for efficient iodine gas capture. High maximum iodine adsorption amount by UiO-66-NH-B.D and UiO-66-NH-T.D (1.17 and 1.33 g/g) was achieved under 75 °C. These new adsorbents are thermally stable for iodine adsorption and regenerated and reused with good performance. The adsorption mechanisms were revealed based on experimental results, indicating that iodine is adsorbed by both physisorption and chemisorption.

Zinc-based triazole metal complexes for efficient iodine adsorption in water

Radioactive iodine is extremely harmful to the environment, and it is of great significance to develop materials that efficiently remove iodine. We prepared two triazole metal complexes with simple method, denoted as Zn(tr)(OAc) and Zn(ttr)(OAc), which were used to adsorb iodine from aqueous solution. The properties and adsorption mechanism of the two materials were studied by different techniques including XRD, SEM, N2 porosimetry at 77 K, FTIR, TGA, elemental analysis (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that both materials had good water and thermal stability. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better at describing the iodine adsorption kinetics onto the adsorbents. It was proved that chemical adsorption dominated, iodine mainly enriched on the materials in the form of I3-1. Zn(ttr)(OAc) had a higher adsorption capacity than Zn(tr)(OAc) due to the electron-donating group -NH2. The maximum adsorption capacity of the two materials for iodine reached 714.501 mg·g-1 and 846.108 mg·g-1 at 25 °C.

Naked Eye Cd2+ Ion Detection and Reversible Iodine Uptake by a Three-Dimensional Pillared-Layered Zn-MOF

A novel metal-organic framework (MOF), [Zn₂(tdca)₂(bppd)₂]·2DMF, has been synthesized solvothermally using the ligand thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (H₂tdca), coligand N,N'-bis(4-pyridylmethylene)-1,4-benzenediamine (bppd), and Zn(NO₃)₂. Single crystal X-ray crystallography reveals that the titled MOF is a three-dimensional pillared-layered MOF. A layer is constituted by a Zn(tdca) unit, and the layers are stabilized by the long hydrocarbon coligand, bppd, which acts as a pillar. A rectangular pore size of 11.42 × 8.12 Ų is found in the framework. The porous framework is found to be an excellent fluorescence sensor for the detection of toxic Cd²⁺ ion. The sensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity and a quick response toward Cd²⁺. The synthesized MOF is able to not only detect cadmium ions but also adsorb iodine in the gas phase. The MOF can adsorb ∼66% iodine, verified by thiosulfate-iodine titration and TG analysis. Adsorbed iodine can also be removed easily in acetonitrile as well as in n-hexane, which shows that iodine can be reversibly loaded as well as unloaded into the framework.

A porous Zn(ii)-coordination polymer based on a tetracarboxylic acid exhibiting selective CO2 adsorption and iodine uptake

A porous Zn(ii)-coordination polymer, namely {[Zn2(μ8-abtc)(betib)]·DMF}n (1), was solvothermally synthesized from 3,3',5,5'-azobenzenetetracarboxylate (abtc4-) and 1,4-bis(2-ethylimidazol-1-yl)butane (betib) ligands and {[Zn2(μ8-abtc)(betib)]·H2O}n (2) was obtained through the immersion of 1 in methanol. Compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized via numerous techniques. Both compounds displayed a 3D porous framework with a 3,6-connected sqc5381 net. Compound 2a obtained at 140 °C from 2 exhibited gas and iodine adsorption properties. Interestingly, the compound adsorbed selectively CO2 with the uptake capacity of 54.02 cm3 g-1 (13.26%) over N2 (5.43 cm3 g-1) and CH4 (14.53 cm3 g-1) at 273 K. The compound also adsorbed iodine with the weights of 19.99% and 30.26% in solution and vapor phases, respectively. The single crystal X-ray result and Raman spectra showed the presence of iodine units in the pores of the framework.

Iodine Capture Using Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Zr-MOFs): Adsorption Performance and Mechanism

The effective capture of radioiodine, produced or released from nuclear-related activities, is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Here, a series of zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs), with a Zr₆(μ₃-O)₄(μ₃-OH)₄ cluster and various carboxylate linkers, were investigated for the capture of volatile iodine. Their adsorption kinetics and recyclability were investigated in dry and humid environments. The structural change of Zr-MOFs during iodine trapping was studied using powder X-ray diffraction and pore structure measurements. Experimental spectra (Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the linkers and Zr clusters were performed to understand the trapping mechanism of the framework. When interacting with iodine molecules, MOF-808, NU-1000, and UiO-66, with highly connected and/or rigid linkers, have better structural stability than UiO-67 and MOF-867, which have flexible linkers with less connectivity. Particularly, MOF-808, with a rigid and tritopic benzenetricarboxylate linker, has the highest iodine adsorption capacity (2.18 g/g, 80 °C), as well as the largest pore volume after iodine elution. In contrast, UiO-67, with long linear ditopic linkers, exhibits the weakest stability and lowest adsorption capacity (0.53 g/g, 80 °C) because of its most serious collapse of pore structures. After incorporating with strong electron-donating imidazole/pyridine ligands, both the stability and adsorption capacity of MOF-808/NU-1000 decrease. DFT calculations verify that the N-heterocycle groups could enhance the affinity toward iodine by strong charge transfer. DFT calculations also suggest that the terminal -OH in MOF-808 has a strong affinity toward iodine (-54 kJ/mol I₂) and water (-63 kJ/mol H₂O) and a weak affinity toward NO₂ (-27 kJ/mol NO₂). With high adsorption capacity and excellent stability, MOF-808 shows great potential for the sustainable removal of radioiodine.

Dimension Control in Mixed Linker Metal-Organic Frameworks via Adjusting the Linker Shapes

In this context, we describe a novel method to control the dimensionality and, further, the morphology in three mixed linker metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) TMU-70, TMU-71, and TMU-49 via altering the linker shapes. The compatibility between the shape of linkers used in the mixed linker framework, specifically linker angles, can directly affect the dimensionality of the resulting networks from 2D to 3D. Using incompatible linkers (one bent and one linear) together with binodal SBU directed the structure to form 2D networks, while 3D networks were obtained through applying linkers with the same shape. Further, the 2D and 3D MOFs were fabricated through the coordination modulation strategy. The impact of various modulators on the size and morphology of the structures has been examined. The 2D MOFs produced only nanorods through application of different capping agents owing to their preferred crystal growth, while the 3D networks led to rod and plate morphologies. Also, the catalytic performance of MOFs in an aldol-type condensation reaction was estimated. High and fast catalytic activity is detected in nanoscale rod-shaped catalysts.

Hydrogen-Bonding Linkers Yield a Large-Pore, Non-Catenated, Metal-Organic Framework with pcu Topology

Pillared paddle-wheel-based metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are an attractive target as they offer a reliable method for constructing well-defined, multifunctional materials. A drawback of these materials, which has limited their application, is their tendency to form catenated frameworks with little accessible volume. To eliminate this disadvantage, it is necessary to investigate strategies for constructing non-catenated pillared paddle-wheel MOFs. Hydrogen-bonding substituents on linkers have been postulated to prevent catenation in certain frameworks and, in this work, we present a new MOF to further bolster this theory. Using 2,2'-diamino-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, BPDC-(NH₂)₂, linkers and dipyridyl glycol, DPG, pillars, we assembled a MOF with pcu topology. The new material is non-catenated, exhibiting large accessible pores and low density. To the best of our knowledge, this material constitutes the pcu framework with the largest pore volume and lowest density. We attribute the lack of catenation to the presence of H-bonding substituents on both linkers.

Template effect of innocent and coordinating anions on the formation of interpenetrated 2D and 3D networks: methyl orange and iodine sorption studies

A pyridyl based Schiff base resulted in a 2D staircase network (CP1) with Cd(ii) when ClO₄⁻ is the counter anion while the use of benzene-1,3-disulphonate counter anion resulted in a novel 3D Cd(ii) coordination polymer with threefold interpenetration (CP2).

A 3D [WS4Cu4]2+ cluster-based material with high iodine uptake capability

A three-dimensional heterothiometallic [WS₄Cu₄]²⁺ cluster-supported porous framework material with an unusual topology, which displays good performance in iodine uptake.

Design, synthesis and characterization of copper-based coordination compounds with bidentate (N,N and N,O) ligands: reversible uptake of iodine, dye adsorption and assessment of their antibacterial properties

This work presents the synthesis of close-packed copper complexes with an uncommon ability for dye and iodine adsorption and antibacterial activities.

Sonochemical synthesis of amide-functionalized metal-organic framework/graphene oxide nanocomposite for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution

Graphene oxide-[Zn₂(oba)₂(bpfb)]·(DMF)₅ metal-organic framework nanocomposite (GO-TMU-23; H₂oba=4,4'-oxybisbenzoic acid, bpfb=N,N'-bis-(4-pyridylformamide)-1,4-benzenediamine, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) is prepared through a simple and large-scale sonochemical preparation method at room temperature. The obtained nanocomposite is characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Additionally, the absorption ability of GO-TMU-23 nanocomposite toward cationic dye methylene blue was also performed. Significantly, GO-TMU-23 nanocomposite exhibits remarkably accelerated adsorption kinetics for methylene blue in comparison with the parent materials. The adsorption process shows that 90% of the dye has been removed and the equilibrium status has been reached in 2min by using the nanocomposites as the adsorbent.

Facile preparation of nanocubes zinc-based metal-organic framework by an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method; precursor for the fabrication of zinc oxide octahedral nanostructures

Synthesis of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials via ultrasound (US) irradiation involves shorter reaction times and offers enhanced control of particle size and morphology compared to conventional electric (CE) heating. Nanocubes of an interpenetrated pillared-layer Zn(II) metal-organic framework, [Zn₂(NH₂-BDC)₂(4-bpdh)]·3DMF (TMU-16-NH₂) (NH₂-BDC=amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, 4-bpdh=2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide), have been synthesized by US process and characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The role of initial reagent concentrations and power levels of US irradiation and also reaction time, on size and morphology of nanostructure TMU-16-NH₂ have been studied. Moreover, ZnO octahedral nanoparticles were simply prepared through direct pyrolysis of the TMU-16-NH₂ nanocubes asa precursor at 520°C without any surfactant or capping molecules.

Sensing and capture of toxic and hazardous gases and vapors by metal–organic frameworks

This review summaries recent progress in the luminescent detection and adsorptive removal of harmful gases and vapors by metal–organic frameworks, as well as the principles and strategies guiding the design of these materials.

Synthesis of amine-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ultrasound-assisted dye removal and modeling

The present research is focused on the ultrasound assisted adsorption of Acid blue 92 (AB92) and Direct red 80 (DR80) as anionic dyes in single and binary systems onto zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) functionalized with 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES). Different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were used to characterize the prepared adsorbent. The individual effects and possible interactions between the various parameters including adsorbent dosage, sonication time, initial dye concentrations and pH on dyes removal efficiency were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized experimental conditions were fixed at adsorbent dosage 0.005g for AB92 and 0.01g for DR80, pH 2.1, sonication time 15min, and initial dyes concentration 15mgL^-1 to get maximum removal percentage (>95.0%). A reliable and intelligent model based on least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) was developed to predict dye removal efficiency. The root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.604, 0.734 and 1.549 with high determination coefficient (R²) of 0.999, 0.996 and 0.997 for AB92, DR80 and binary system, respectively, were able to predict and model the adsorption process. The presented model illustrates better performance in predicting dye removal efficiency compared to the kinetic models. The results showed that the adsorption process had better conformation with pseudo-second order model. The adsorption equilibrium data was investigated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models and the data were well fitted by Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 633.4 and 500.2mgg^-1 for AB92 and DR80 dyes, respectively. APTES@ZIF-8 was regenerated and found to be reusable after four successive cycles without considerable loss in adsorption capacity.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nano-structured Zinc(II)-based metal-organic frameworks as precursors for the synthesis of ZnO nano-structures

A 3D, porous Zn(II)-based metal-organic framework {[Zn₂(oba)₂(4-bpmn)]·(DMF)_1.5}_n (TMU-21), (4-bpmn=N,N'-Bis-pyridin-4-ylmethylene-naphtalene-1,5-diamine, H₂oba=4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid)) with nano-rods morphology under ultrasonic irradiation at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure was prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Sonication time and concentration of initial reagents effects on the size and morphology of nano-structured MOFs were studied. Also {[Zn₂(oba)₂(4-bpmn)] (TMU-21) and {[Zn₂(oba)₂(4-bpmb)] (TMU-6), 4-bpmb=N,N'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanimine) were easily prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. Nanostructures of Zinc(II) oxide were obtained by calcination of these compounds and their de-solvated analogue as activated MOFs, at 550°C under air atmosphere. As a result of that, different Nanostructures of Zinc(II) oxide were obtained. The ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR spectroscopy.

Heterogeneous catalysis with a coordination modulation synthesized MOF: morphology-dependent catalytic activity

We report control over morphology of a micro-porous three-fold interpenetration amide-functionalized Zn(ii)-based MOF, [Zn₂(oba)₂(bpta)]·(DMF)₃, TMU-22, for Knoevenagel condensation through coordination modulation growth.

The water-based synthesis of chemically stable Zr-based MOFs using pyridine-containing ligands and their exceptionally high adsorption capacity for iodine

Zr-MOFs with inherent pyridine moieties were synthesized by a water-based approach, and exhibited exceptionally high adsorption capacity for I₂.

Computational screening of covalent organic frameworks for the capture of radioactive iodine and methyl iodide

Large-scale computational screening results show that COFs are promising materials for the capture of radioactive iodic contaminants from nuclear wastes.

Capture of volatile iodine by newly prepared and characterized non-porous [CuI]n-based coordination polymers

Four new non-porous copper(i) iodide coordination polymers have been synthesized and demonstrate volatile iodine capture with simultaneous fluorescence quenching.