1
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Ghangrekar MM, Surampalli RY. Performance evaluation of hybrid electrochemical oxidation and ultraviolet light-based persulfate process for the abatement of sodium dodecyl sulfate from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34824-3. [PMID: 39210224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The application of hybrid advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is an efficacious way to remediate emerging contaminants from wastewater. In the present research work, a hybrid electrochemical oxidation and ultraviolet light-based persulfate activation processes (EO-UV/PS) were used to efficiently degrade sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant from synthetic and municipal wastewater. By operating the EO-UV/PS at optimum operating conditions at pH of 7.0, NaCl of 0.02 M, current density of 6.4 mA/cm2, persulfate dose of 2.5 mM, and operating period of 180 min, about 94.5 ± 2.8% of SDS (20 mg/L) removal was achieved from synthetic wastewater. The abetment of SDS in both EO and UV/PS obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.012 and 0.019 min-1, respectively. Moreover, the economic analysis revealed 0.23 $ m-3 order-1 as the operating cost for degrading SDS in EO-UV/PS. The degradation pathway experimentation suggested the generation of lauric acid by-product during SDS abatement. Besides, nearly 89.3 ± 2.9% of SDS and 58.7 ± 2.4% of total organic carbon reduction was also achieved from real municipal wastewater. Phytotoxicity test on Vigna radiata affirms the non-toxic nature of the EO-UV/PS effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Environment and Sustainability, Global Institute for Energy, Lenexa, KS, USA
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2
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Rahardjo SSP, Shih YJ, Fan CS. Ammonia oxidation by in-situ chloride electrolysis in etching wastewater of semiconductor manufacturing using RuSnO x/Ti electrode: Effect of plating mode and metal ratio. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134042. [PMID: 38521031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The indirect chloride-mediated ammonia oxidation encounters challenges in maintaining the effectiveness of metal oxide anodes when treating wastewaters with complex compositions. This study aims to develop a highly stable anode with RuO2-SnO2 coatings for treating an etching effluent from semiconductor manufacturing, which majorly contains NH3 and organic compounds. The RuSnOx/Ti electrode was synthesized using wet impregnation and calcination processes. The metal oxide configuration on Ti plate substrate was tuned by varying the step-dipping process in RuCl3 and SnCl4 baths. A 10-day continuous-flow electrolysis was conducted for studying the ammonia removal and chlorine yield under variable conditions, including detention, pH, current density, and initial ammonia and chloride concentrations. In the RuSnOx coatings, the configuration comprising RuO2 nanorods as the surface layer and an intermediate layer of SnO2 crystallites (by plating Ru3+ for three times to cover one Sn4+ layer, denoted as the Ru3Sn/Ti electrode) exhibited the best durability for acid washing, along with relatively high Faradaic efficiency and low energy consumption. To further improve the treatability of real wastewater (NH3-N = 634 mg L-1, chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 6700 mg L-1, Cl- = 2000 mg L-1, pH 11), the duel-cell electrolyzers were constructed in series under a current density of 30 mA cm-2 and 45 min detention. Ultimately, removals of NH3 and COD reached 95.8% and 76.3%, respectively, with successful limitation of chloramine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seto Sugianto Prabowo Rahardjo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Aquaculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Jen Shih
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Shiuan Fan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Wang J, Zhao L, Zou Y, Dai J, Zheng Q, Zou X, Hu L, Hou W, Wang R, Wang K, Shi Y, Zhan G, Yao Y, Zhang L. Engineering the Coordination Environment of Ir Single Atoms with Surface Titanium Oxide Amorphization for Superior Chlorine Evolution Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38498303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is essential for industrial Cl2 production but strongly relies on the use of dimensionally stable anode (DSA) with high-amount precious Ru/Ir oxide on a Ti substrate. For the purpose of sustainable development, precious metal decrement and performance improvement are highly desirable for the development of CER anodes. Herein, we demonstrate that surface titanium oxide amorphization is crucial to regulate the coordination environment of stabilized Ir single atoms for efficient and durable chlorine evolution of Ti monolithic anodes. Experimental and theoretical results revealed the formation of four-coordinated Ir1O4 and six-coordinated Ir1O6 sites on amorphous and crystalline titanium oxides, respectively. Interestingly, the Ir1O4 sites exhibited a superior CER performance, with a mass activity about 10 and 500 times those of the Ir1O6 counterpart and DSA, respectively. Moreover, the Ir1O4 anode displayed excellent durability for 200 h, far longer than that of its Ir1O6 counterpart (2 h). Mechanism studies showed that the unsaturated Ir in Ir1O4 was the active center for chlorine evolution, which was changed to the top-coordinated O in Ir1O6. This change of active sites greatly affected the adsorption energy of Cl species, thus accounting for their different CER activity. More importantly, the amorphous structure and restrained water dissociation of Ir1O4 synergistically prevent oxygen permeation across the Ti substrate, contributing to its long-term CER stability. This study sheds light on the importance of single-atom coordination structures in the reactivity of catalysts and offers a facile strategy to prepare highly active single-atom CER anodes via surface titanium oxide amorphization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lufa Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanbiao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yancai Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Zhang D, Xie F, Gong H, Liu T, Kuang P, Yu J. Enhancing Ru-Cl interaction via orbital hybridization effect in Ru 0.4Sn 0.3Ti 0.3 electrode for efficient chlorine evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:127-136. [PMID: 38100969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a commercially valuable electrochemical reaction used at an industrial scale. However, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during the electrolysis process inevitably leads to the decreased efficiency of CER. It is necessary to improve the selectivity of CER by minimizing or even eliminating the occurrence of OER. Herein, a ternary metal oxide (Ru0.4Sn0.3Ti0.3) electrode was fabricated and employed as an active and robust anode for CER. The Ru0.4Sn0.3Ti0.3 electrode exhibits an excellent CER performance in 6.0 M NaCl solution, with a low potential of 1.17 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode, SCE) at 200 mA cm-2 current density, a high Cl2 selectivity of over 90 %, and robust durability after consecutive operation for 160 h under 100 mA cm-2. The maximum O2-Cl2 potential difference between OER and CER further demonstrates the high Cl2 selectivity of Ru0.4Sn0.3Ti0.3 electrode. Theoretical studies show that the strong Ru 3d-Ti 3d orbitals hybridization effect makes the d-band center (εd) of Ru 3d and Ti 3d orbitals positively and negatively shifted, respectively, endowing Ru site with enhanced Cl adsorption ability (i.e. enhanced Ru-Cl interaction) and Ru0.4Sn0.3Ti0.3 electrode with superior CER activity. This work offers valuable insights into the development of advanced electrodes for CER in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Haiming Gong
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Panyong Kuang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China.
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5
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Duan X, Sha Q, Li P, Li T, Yang G, Liu W, Yu E, Zhou D, Fang J, Chen W, Chen Y, Zheng L, Liao J, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang H, Zhang G, Zhuang Z, Hung SF, Jing C, Luo J, Bai L, Dong J, Xiao H, Liu W, Kuang Y, Liu B, Sun X. Dynamic chloride ion adsorption on single iridium atom boosts seawater oxidation catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1973. [PMID: 38438342 PMCID: PMC10912682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Seawater electrolysis offers a renewable, scalable, and economic means for green hydrogen production. However, anode corrosion by Cl- pose great challenges for its commercialization. Herein, different from conventional catalysts designed to repel Cl- adsorption, we develop an atomic Ir catalyst on cobalt iron layered double hydroxide (Ir/CoFe-LDH) to tailor Cl- adsorption and modulate the electronic structure of the Ir active center, thereby establishing a unique Ir-OH/Cl coordination for alkaline seawater electrolysis. Operando characterizations and theoretical calculations unveil the pivotal role of this coordination state to lower OER activation energy by a factor of 1.93. The Ir/CoFe-LDH exhibits a remarkable oxygen evolution reaction activity (202 mV overpotential and TOF = 7.46 O2 s-1) in 6 M NaOH+2.8 M NaCl, superior over Cl--free 6 M NaOH electrolyte (236 mV overpotential and TOF = 1.05 O2 s-1), with 100% catalytic selectivity and stability at high current densities (400-800 mA cm-2) for more than 1,000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Qihao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Pengsong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Tianshui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Guotao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Ende Yu
- Ocean Hydrogen Energy R&D Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Daojin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jinjie Fang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangwen Liao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, PR China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- College of Energy, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tsingtao, 266590, PR China
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Changfei Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- ShenSi Lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, PR China
| | - Lu Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Juncai Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
- Ocean Hydrogen Energy R&D Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, PR China.
- Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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6
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Choi S, Choi WI, Lee JS, Lee CH, Balamurugan M, Schwarz AD, Choi ZS, Randriamahazaka H, Nam KT. A Reflection on Sustainable Anode Materials for Electrochemical Chloride Oxidation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300429. [PMID: 36897816 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride oxidation is a key industrial electrochemical process in chlorine-based chemical production and water treatment. Over the past few decades, dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) consisting of RuO2 - and IrO2 -based mixed-metal oxides have been successfully commercialized in the electrochemical chloride oxidation industry. For a sustainable supply of anode materials, considerable efforts both from the scientific and industrial aspects for developing earth-abundant-metal-based electrocatalysts have been made. This review first describes the history of commercial DSA fabrication and strategies to improve their efficiency and stability. Important features related to the electrocatalytic performance for chloride oxidation and reaction mechanism are then summarized. From the perspective of sustainability, recent progress in the design and fabrication of noble-metal-free anode materials, as well as methods for evaluating the industrialization of novel electrocatalysts, are highlighted. Finally, future directions for developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for industrial chloride oxidation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Il Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mani Balamurugan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Andrew D Schwarz
- Milton Hill Business and Technology Centre, Infineum, Abingdon, OX13 6BB, UK
| | - Zung Sun Choi
- Infineum Singapore LLP, Singapore, 098632, Singapore
| | | | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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7
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Xiao M, Wu Q, Ku R, Zhou L, Long C, Liang J, Mavrič A, Li L, Zhu J, Valant M, Li J, Zeng Z, Cui C. Self-adaptive amorphous CoO xCl y electrocatalyst for sustainable chlorine evolution in acidic brine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5356. [PMID: 37660140 PMCID: PMC10475099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction is of central importance in the chlor-alkali industry, but the chlorine evolution anode is largely limited by water oxidation side reaction and corrosion-induced performance decay in strong acids. Here we present an amorphous CoOxCly catalyst that has been deposited in situ in an acidic saline electrolyte containing Co2+ and Cl- ions to adapt to the given electrochemical condition and exhibits ~100% chlorine evolution selectivity with an overpotential of ~0.1 V at 10 mA cm-2 and high stability over 500 h. In situ spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the electrochemical introduction of Cl- prevents the Co sites from charging to a higher oxidation state thus suppressing the O-O bond formation for oxygen evolution. Consequently, the chlorine evolution selectivity has been enhanced on the Cl-constrained Co-O* sites via the Volmer-Heyrovsky pathway. This study provides fundamental insights into how the reactant Cl- itself can work as a promoter toward enhancing chlorine evolution in acidic brine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Xiao
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Qianbao Wu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ruiqi Ku
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Liujiang Zhou
- School of Physics, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Chang Long
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Junwu Liang
- Optoelectronic Information Research Center, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, 537000, China.
- Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangxi, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, 537000, China.
| | - Andraž Mavrič
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Lei Li
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Matjaz Valant
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Jiong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Chunhua Cui
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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8
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Dong H, Shao X, Hancox S, McBeath ST, Tarpeh WA, Hoffmann MR. Understanding the Catalytic Active Sites of Crystalline CoSb xO y for Electrochemical Chlorine Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40369-40377. [PMID: 37594304 PMCID: PMC10472335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a key reaction in electrochemical oxidation (EO) of water treatment. Conventional anodes based on platinum group metals can be prohibitively expensive, which hinders further application of EO systems. Crystalline cobalt antimonate (CoSbxOy) was recently identified as a promising alternative to conventional anodes due to its high catalytic activity and stability in acidic media. However, its catalytic sites and reaction mechanism have not yet been elucidated. This study sheds light on the catalytically active sites in crystalline CoSbxOy anodes by using scanning electrochemical microscopy to compare the CER catalytic activities of a series of anode samples with different bulk Sb/Co ratios (from 1.43 to 2.80). The results showed that Sb sites served as more active catalytic sites than the Co sites. The varied Sb/Co ratios were also linked with slightly different electronic states of each element, leading to different CER selectivities in 30 mM chloride solutions under 10 mA cm-2 current density. The high activity of Sb sites toward the CER highlighted the significance of the electronic polarization that changed the oxidation states of Co and Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- Linde
Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xiaohan Shao
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shane Hancox
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sean T. McBeath
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - William A. Tarpeh
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Linde
Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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9
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Jiang X, Yuan J, Zheng Z, Tao Y, Wu X. Degradation of Sulfonamides by UV/Electrochemical Oxidation and the Effects of Treated Effluents on the Bacterial Community in Surface Water. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28409-28418. [PMID: 37576615 PMCID: PMC10413449 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of ultraviolet (UV) photolysis combined with electrochemical oxidation on sulfonamides (SAs) as well as its treated effluent on the bacterial community in surface water. In terms of degradation rate, the best anode material for electrochemical oxidation was Ti/RuO2-IrO2, which had the highest degradation kinetic constant compared to Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 and Ti/Pt. Experiments showed the highest degradation rate of SAs at 8.3 pH. Similarly, increasing the current leads to stronger degradation due to the promotion of free chlorine production, and its energy consumption rate decreases slightly from 73 to 67 W h/mmol. Compared with tap water, the kinetic constants decreased by 20-62% for SAs in three different surface water samples, which was related to the decrease in free chlorine. When extending the reaction time to 24 h, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon decreased by approximately 30-40%, indicating that the SAs and their products could be mineralized. The diversity analysis showed that the effluents influenced the richness and diversity of the bacterial community, particularly in the 4 h sample. Additionally, there were 86 operational taxonomic units common to all samples, excluding the 4 h sample; significant differences were derived from changes in the Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidota phyla. The toxicity of the products might explain these changes, and these products could be mineralized, as observed in the 24 h sample. Therefore, the extension of treatment time would greatly reduce the ecological harm of treated effluent and ensure that the UV/electrochemical process is a feasible treatment option. Overall, this study provides valuable insight into the optimization and feasibility of UV/electrochemical processes as a sustainable treatment option for sulfonamide-contaminated water sources, emphasizing the importance of considering ecological impacts and the need for extended treatment times that address environmental concerns and ensuring improved water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- School
of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Julin Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of
Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of
Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Zhijie Zheng
- School
of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yufang Tao
- College
of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- School
of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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10
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Cho J, Lim T, Kim H, Meng L, Kim J, Lee S, Lee JH, Jung GY, Lee KS, Viñes F, Illas F, Exner KS, Joo SH, Choi CH. Importance of broken geometric symmetry of single-atom Pt sites for efficient electrocatalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3233. [PMID: 37270530 PMCID: PMC10239452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum single-atom catalysts hold promise as a new frontier in heterogeneous electrocatalysis. However, the exact chemical nature of active Pt sites is highly elusive, arousing many hypotheses to compensate for the significant discrepancies between experiments and theories. Here, we identify the stabilization of low-coordinated PtII species on carbon-based Pt single-atom catalysts, which have rarely been found as reaction intermediates of homogeneous PtII catalysts but have often been proposed as catalytic sites for Pt single-atom catalysts from theory. Advanced online spectroscopic studies reveal multiple identities of PtII moieties on the single-atom catalysts beyond ideally four-coordinated PtII-N4. Notably, decreasing Pt content to 0.15 wt.% enables the differentiation of low-coordinated PtII species from the four-coordinated ones, demonstrating their critical role in the chlorine evolution reaction. This study may afford general guidelines for achieving a high electrocatalytic performance of carbon-based single-atom catalysts based on other d8 metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsic Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejung Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Meng
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Quı́mica Fı́sica & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jinjong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan Yeong Jung
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kug-Seung Lee
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Quı́mica Fı́sica & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Quı́mica Fı́sica & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kai S Exner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), 47057, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ha M, Thangavel P, Dang NK, Kim DY, Sultan S, Lee JS, Kim KS. High-Performing Atomic Electrocatalyst for Chlorine Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300240. [PMID: 36794290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts facilitating chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) play a vital role in chlor-alkali industries. Owing to a huge amount of chlorine consumed worldwide, inexpensive high-performing catalysts for Cl2 production are highly demanded. Here, a superb ClER catalyst fabricated through uniform dispersion of Pt single atoms (SAs) in C2 N2 moieties of N-doped graphene (denoted as Pt-1) is presented, which demonstrates near 100% exclusive ClER selectivity, long-term durability, extraordinary Cl2 production rate (3500 mmol h-1 gPt -1 ), and >140 000-fold increased mass activity over industrial electrodes in acidic medium. Excitingly, at the typical chlor-alkali industries' operating temperature (80 °C), Pt-1 supported on carbon paper electrode requires a near thermoneutral ultralow overpotential of 5 mV at 1 mA cm-2 current density to initiate the ClER, consistent with the predicted density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Altogether these results show the promising electrocatalyst of Pt-1 toward ClER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Ha
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pandiarajan Thangavel
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Kim Dang
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Siraj Sultan
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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12
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Santana Santos C, Jaato BN, Sanjuán I, Schuhmann W, Andronescu C. Operando Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy during Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4972-5019. [PMID: 36972701 PMCID: PMC10168669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques can disclose the local electrochemical reactivity of interfaces in single-entity and sub-entity studies. Operando SEPM measurements consist of using a SEPM tip to investigate the performance of electrocatalysts, while the reactivity of the interface is simultaneously modulated. This powerful combination can correlate electrochemical activity with changes in surface properties, e.g., topography and structure, as well as provide insight into reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review is to reveal the recent progress in local SEPM measurements of the catalytic activity of a surface toward the reduction and evolution of O2 and H2 and electrochemical conversion of CO2. The capabilities of SEPMs are showcased, and the possibility of coupling other techniques to SEPMs is presented. Emphasis is given to scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bright Nsolebna Jaato
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Sanjuán
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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13
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Choi W, Han DS, Park H. Reactive Halogen Species-Mediated Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Arsenite(III). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8459-8467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Choi
- School of Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41566, Korea
| | - Dong Suk Han
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- School of Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41566, Korea
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14
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Wang D, Dong T, Heng Y, Xie Z, Jiang H, Tian M, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Ren Z, Zhu Y. Preparation of Acidic Electrolyzed Water by a RuO 2@TiO 2 Electrode with High Selectivity for Chlorine Evolution and Its Sterilization Effect. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23170-23178. [PMID: 35847312 PMCID: PMC9280926 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The food hygiene problems caused by bacterial biofilms in food processing equipment are directly related to human life safety and health. Therefore, it is of great strategic significance to study new food sterilization technology. An acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) disinfectant is an electrochemical sterilization technology which has the characteristics of wide adaptability, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. However, since the sterilization efficiency of AEW for biofilms is not ideal, it is necessary to increase the available chlorine content (ACC) in AEW. A feasible method to increase the ACC is by increasing the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) selectivity of the electrode for AEW preparation. In this paper, the RuO2@TiO2 electrode was prepared by thermal decomposition combined with high-vacuum magnetron sputtering. Compared with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of an ordinary RuO2 electrode, the OER activity of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is significantly reduced. However, the CER activity of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is close to the OER activity of RuO2. The CER mechanism of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is the second electron transfer, and the OER mechanism is the formation and transformation of OHads. The potential difference between the CER and OER of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is 174 mV, which is 65 mV higher than that of the RuO2 electrode, so the selectivity of the CER of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is remarkably improved. During the preparation of AEW, the ACC obtained with the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is 1.7 times that obtained with the RuO2 electrode. In the sterilization experiments on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis biofilms, the logarithmic killing values of AEW prepared the by RuO2@TiO2 electrode are higher than those of AEW prepared by the RuO2 electrode.
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15
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Deng W, Gai Y, Duan H, Chen Z, Hu X, Han S, Xu N, Qiao S, Yao Z, Jiang F. Partially delocalized charge in crystalline Co-S-Se/NiO x nanocomposites for boosting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10838-10850. [PMID: 35506176 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although reasonably specified and adjustable preparation of nanostructures with specific morphologies, ordered chemical compositions and electronic structures involving advanced energy chemistries is an important research area, high-efficiency, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts for water splitting are greatly desirable and challenging. In this study, partially delocalized Co-S-Se ultra-thin nanosheets are obtained via a liquid-liquid interface-mediated strategy at an oil-water interface. These Co-S-Se ultra-thin nanosheets exhibit different-sized lamellar structures and have an average thickness of 0.83 nm. The ternary ultra-thin Co0.45S0.38Se0.17 nanosheets demonstrate excellent performance for the OER, accompanied by an overpotential of 290 mV (1.52 V vs. RHE) at 10 mA cm-2, and a Tafel slope of 74.5 mV dec-1. In the meantime, the catalyst recombined with a stoichiometry NiOx catalyst to form a composite interface, which also exhibited a good OER performance, with an overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a smaller Tafel slope of 53.9 mV dec-1. The nanosheets can rearrange the electronic density near the metal catalytic centers and increase the electron transfer. DFT calculations indicate that the partially delocalized charges can improve electrocatalytic performances, demonstrating modulated electroreduction properties. Due to the special atomic and electronic structure of the ternary transition metal alloy chalcogenide, the compound has great potential for energy storage, which will help in the rational design and synthesis of high-efficiency electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yuping Gai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Haitao Duan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Zhide Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Niwei Xu
- College of Medicine Engineering, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Xueshi Road 300, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuxiang Street 26, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Zijian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Fei Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
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16
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Yang J, Li WH, Xu K, Tan S, Wang D, Li Y. Regulating the Tip Effect on Single-Atom and Cluster Catalysts: Forming Reversible Oxygen Species with High Efficiency in Chlorine Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200366. [PMID: 35118786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine evolution reaction has been applied in the production since a century ago. After times of evolution, it has been widely realized by the electrocatalytic process on anode nowadays. However, the anode applied in production contains a large amount of precious metal, increasing the cost. It is thus an opportunity to apply sub-nano catalysts in this field. By regulating the tip effect (TE) of the catalyst, it was discovered that the oxidized sub-nano iridium clusters supported by titanium carbide exhibit much higher efficiency than the single-atom one, which demonstrates the significance of modifying the electronic interaction. Moreover, it exhibits a ≈20 % decrease of the electricity, ≈98 % selectivity towards chlorine evolution reaction, and high durability of over 350 h. Therefore, this cluster catalyst performs great potential in applying in the practical production and the comprehension of the tip effect on different types of catalysts is also pushed to a higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kaini Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shengdong Tan
- Department of materials science and engineering, National university of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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17
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Hou S, Chen L, Fan X, Fan X, Ji X, Wang B, Cui C, Chen J, Yang C, Wang W, Li C, Wang C. High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1281. [PMID: 35277493 PMCID: PMC8917161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGrid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl2/Cl− redox reaction.
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18
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Yang J, Li WH, Xu K, Tan S, Wang D, Li Y. Regulating the tip effect on single‐atom and cluster catalysts: forming reversible oxygen species with high efficiency in chlorine evolution reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Kaini Xu
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shengdong Tan
- NUS: National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Haidian 100084 Beijing CHINA
| | - Yadong Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
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19
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Liu X, Song CN, Zhang Y, Sha L, Li Y, Zhang S. Electrochemical pretreatment of coking wastewater by Ti/BTN/RuO2-IrO2-TiO2: Selectivity of chloridion oxidation and multi-response optimization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Degradation of Dibutyl Phthalate Plasticizer in Water by High-Performance Iro2-Ta2O5/Ti Electrocatalytic Electrode. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in the presence of a wastewater system is harmful to the environment and interferes with the human’s endocrine system. For wastewater treatment, DBP is very difficult to be decomposed by biotechniques and many catalytic processes have been developed. Among them, the electrocatalytic oxidation (EO) technique has been proven to possess high degradation efficiency of various organic compounds in wastewater. In this study, an electrocatalytic electrode of iridium-tantalum/titanium (IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti) was employed as the anode and graphite as the cathode to decompose DBP substances in the water. According to experimental results, the high removal efficiency of DBP and total organic carbon (TOC) of 90% and 56%, respectively, could be obtained under a voltage gradient of 10 V/cm for 60 min. Compared with other photocatalysis degradation, the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti electrode could shorten about half the treatment time and electric power based on the same removal efficiency of DBP (i.e., photocatalysis requires 0.225~0.99 KWh). Results also indicated that the production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the electrocatalytic electrode played a key role for decomposing the DBP. Moreover, the pH and conductivity of water containing DBP were slightly changed and eventually remained in a stable state during the EO treatment. In addition, the removal efficiency of DBP could still remain about 90% after using the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti electrode three times and the surface structure of the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti electrode was stable.
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21
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Lim T, Kim JH, Kim J, Baek DS, Shin TJ, Jeong HY, Lee KS, Exner KS, Joo SH. General Efficacy of Atomically Dispersed Pt Catalysts for the Chlorine Evolution Reaction: Potential-Dependent Switching of the Kinetics and Mechanism. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taejung Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Du San Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kug-Seung Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai S. Exner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE) Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lee W, Lee T, Kim S, Bae S, Yoon J, Cho K. Descriptive Role of Pt/PtO x Ratio on the Selective Chlorine Evolution Reaction under Polarity Reversal as Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34093-34101. [PMID: 34270208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated competing chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on Pt electrodes under variable polarity reversal intervals (±16.7 mA cm-2, 30-600 s) in the context of distinctive roles of Pt(0) and PtOx on the surface in dilute (0.1 M) NaCl solutions. The substrate generation/tip collection mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) quantified the current efficiency (CE) of ClER with a large tip-to-substrate distance (>500 μm) to avoid intervention of bubbles and spatial variations. Surface interrogation SECM using [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ coupled with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identified the Pt4+-enriched surface of PtOx with a bilayer structure to give more efficient regeneration of Pt(0) under the shorter reversal interval. The in situ SECM complemented bulk electrolysis and XPS to demonstrate that ClER on Pt(0) and OER on PtOx primarily determine the CE of ClER, in agreement with a kinetic model. The descriptive role of surface Pt/PtOx ratio rationalized the enhanced selectivity for ClER upon the polarity switching, being independent on a scaling relationship. The current reversal (not allowed to IrO2 electrodes) also alleviated calcareous scale deposit in the electrolyte with hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Teayoung Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Bae
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Environment Institute, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwoo Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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23
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Pishgar S, Gulati S, Strain JM, Liang Y, Mulvehill MC, Spurgeon JM. In Situ Analytical Techniques for the Investigation of Material Stability and Interface Dynamics in Electrocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100322. [PMID: 34927994 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry are critical to technologies like fuel cells, electrolysis, and solar fuels. Material stability and interfacial phenomena are central to the performance and long-term viability of these technologies. Researchers need tools to uncover the fundamental processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Numerous analytical instruments are well-developed for material characterization, but many are ex situ techniques often performed under vacuum and without applied bias. Such measurements miss dynamic phenomena in the electrolyte under operational conditions. However, innovative advancements have allowed modification of these techniques for in situ characterization in liquid environments at electrochemically relevant conditions. This review explains some of the main in situ electrochemical characterization techniques, briefly explaining the principle of operation and highlighting key work in applying the method to investigate material stability and interfacial properties for electrocatalysts and photoelectrodes. Covered methods include spectroscopy (in situ UV-vis, ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), and in situ Raman), mass spectrometry (on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)), and microscopy (in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)). Each technique's capabilities and advantages/disadvantages are discussed and summarized for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Pishgar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Saumya Gulati
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jacob M Strain
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Matthew C Mulvehill
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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Abstract
The increasing energy demand and the subsequent climate change consequences are supporting the search for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. In this scenario, the link between hydrogen and renewable energy is playing a key role and unitized hydrogen-chlorine (H2-Cl2) regenerative cells (RFCs) have become promising candidates for renewable energy storage. Described herein are the recent advances in cell configurations and catalysts for the different reactions that may take place in these systems, that work in both modes: electrolysis and fuel cell. It has been found that platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are the best choice for the electrode where hydrogen is involved, whereas for the case of chlorine, ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts are the best candidates. Only a few studies were found where the catalysts had been tested in both modes and recent advances are focused on decreasing the amount of precious metals contained in the catalysts. Moreover, the durability of the catalysts tested under realistic conditions has not been thoroughly assessed, becoming a key and mandatory step to evaluate the commercial viability of the H2-Cl2 RFC technology.
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Kim RY, Rivera H, Evarts SE, Rodríguez-Martínez JA, Willis RR, Galloway DB, Falih F, McCall MJ, Smith SJ, Perz K, Smotkin ES. A Laser-Activated Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry Study of Proton Spillover Promoted Alkane Dehydrogenation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13462-13469. [PMID: 32907325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Operando high-throughput evaluation of heterogeneous catalysts by laser-activated membrane introduction mass spectrometry (LAMIMS) elucidates the Pt loading dependence of methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation on platinized γ-alumina beads. A CO2 marking laser rapidly and sequentially heats catalyst beads positioned on a heat-dissipating carbon paper support that overlays a silicone membrane, separating the bead library reaction zone from a quadrupole mass analyzer. The toluene m/z peak varies logarithmically with Pt loading, suggesting that reactivity includes factors that are negatively correlated to Pt loading. These factors may include the Pt/γ-Al2O3 surface interfacial region as one component of a heterogeneous catalytically active surface area/mass. This work demonstrates LAMIMS as a broadly applicable high-throughput operando screening method for heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Yongtae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Harry Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Sara E Evarts
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - José A Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Richard R Willis
- UOP LLC, a Honeywell Company, Des Plaines, Illinois 60016 United States
| | | | - Falaah Falih
- UOP LLC, a Honeywell Company, Des Plaines, Illinois 60016 United States
| | - Michael J McCall
- UOP LLC, a Honeywell Company, Des Plaines, Illinois 60016 United States
| | - S Jackson Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kyra Perz
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eugene S Smotkin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Nanocomposites formed by combination of urchin like NiS with Ni-nanoparticles/N-doped nanoporous carbon, derived from nickel organic framework, and decorated with RuO2 nanoparticles: Construction and kinetics for hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Aiura Y, Ozawa K, Mase K, Minohara M, Suzuki S. Development of a high-precision XYZ translator and estimation of beam profile of the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:923-933. [PMID: 33566000 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520006712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A high-precision XYZ translator was developed for the microanalysis of electronic structures and chemical compositions on material surfaces by electron spectroscopy techniques, such as photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy, utilizing the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray synchrotron radiation at an undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory. Using the high-precision translator, the profile and size of the undulator beam were estimated. They were found to strongly depend on the photon energy but were less affected by the polarization direction. To demonstrate the microscopic measurement capability of an experimental apparatus incorporating a high-precision XYZ translator, the homogeneities of an SnO film and a naturally grown anatase TiO2 single crystal were investigated using X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopies. The upgraded system can be used for elemental analyses and electronic structure studies at a spatial resolution in the order of the beam size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Aiura
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 308-8568, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Makoto Minohara
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 308-8568, Japan
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Yin H, Dou Y, Chen S, Zhu Z, Liu P, Zhao H. 2D Electrocatalysts for Converting Earth-Abundant Simple Molecules into Value-Added Commodity Chemicals: Recent Progress and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904870. [PMID: 31573704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic conversion of earth-abundant simple molecules into value-added commodity chemicals can transform current chemical production regimes with enormous socioeconomic and environmental benefits. For these applications, 2D electrocatalysts have emerged as a new class of high-performance electrocatalyst with massive forward-looking potential. Recent advances in 2D electrocatalysts are reviewed for emerging applications that utilize naturally existing H2 O, N2 , O2 , Cl- (seawater) and CH4 (natural gas) as reactants for nitrogen reduction (N2 → NH3 ), two-electron oxygen reduction (O2 → H2 O2 ), chlorine evolution (Cl- → Cl2 ), and methane partial oxidation (CH4 → CH3 OH) reactions to generate NH3 , H2 O2 , Cl2 , and CH3 OH. The unique 2D features and effective approaches that take advantage of such features to create high-performance 2D electrocatalysts are articulated with emphasis. To benefit the readers and expedite future progress, the challenges facing the future development of 2D electrocatalysts for each of the above reactions and the related perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Yin
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Yuhai Dou
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Shan Chen
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Zhengju Zhu
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Porun Liu
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
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29
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Exner KS. Overpotential‐Dependent Volcano Plots to Assess Activity Trends in the Competing Chlorine and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai S. Exner
- Sofia University Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Department of Physical Chemistry 1 James Bourchier Avenue 1164 Sofia Bulgaria
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30
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Exner KS. Beyond Dimensionally Stable Anodes: Single‐Atom Catalysts with Superior Chlorine Selectivity. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai S. Exner
- Sofia University, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Department of Physical Chemistry 1 James Bourchier Avenue 1164 Sofia Bulgaria
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31
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Electrochemical stability of RuO2(110)/Ru(0001) model electrodes in the oxygen and chlorine evolution reactions. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Lim T, Jung GY, Kim JH, Park SO, Park J, Kim YT, Kang SJ, Jeong HY, Kwak SK, Joo SH. Atomically dispersed Pt-N 4 sites as efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:412. [PMID: 31964881 PMCID: PMC6972710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical anode reaction in chlor-alkali electrolysis. Although precious metal-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have been widely used as CER catalysts, they suffer from the concomitant generation of oxygen during the CER. Herein, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed Pt-N4 sites doped on a carbon nanotube (Pt1/CNT) can catalyse the CER with excellent activity and selectivity. The Pt1/CNT catalyst shows superior CER activity to a Pt nanoparticle-based catalyst and a commercial Ru/Ir-based MMO catalyst. Notably, Pt1/CNT exhibits near 100% CER selectivity even in acidic media, with low Cl- concentrations (0.1 M), as well as in neutral media, whereas the MMO catalyst shows substantially lower CER selectivity. In situ electrochemical X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the direct adsorption of Cl- on Pt-N4 sites during the CER. Density functional theory calculations suggest the PtN4C12 site as the most plausible active site structure for the CER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejung Lim
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan Yeong Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung O Park
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Heo SE, Lim HW, Cho DK, Park IJ, Kim H, Lee CW, Ahn SH, Kim JY. Anomalous potential dependence of conducting property in black titania nanotube arrays for electrocatalytic chlorine evolution. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Exner KS. Design criteria for the competing chlorine and oxygen evolution reactions: avoid the OCl adsorbate to enhance chlorine selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22451-22458. [PMID: 32996945 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of gaseous chlorine within chlor-alkali electrolysis is accompanied by a selectivity problem, as the evolution of gaseous oxygen constitutes a detrimental side reaction in the same potential range. As such, the development of electrode materials with high selectivity toward the chlorine evolution reaction is of particular importance to the chemical industry. Insight into the elementary reaction steps is ultimately required to comprehend chlorine selectivity on a molecular level. Commonly, linear scaling relationships are analyzed by the construction of a volcano plot, using the binding energy of oxygen, ΔEO, as a descriptor in the analysis. The present article reinvestigates the selectivity problem of the competing chlorine and oxygen evolution reactions by applying a different strategy compared to previous literature studies. On the one hand, a unifying material-screening framework that, besides binding energies, also includes the applied overpotential, kinetics, and the electrochemical-step symmetry index is used to comprehend trends in this selectivity issue for transition-metal oxide-based electrodes. On the other hand, the free-energy difference between the adsorbed oxygen and adsorbed hydroxide, ΔG2, rather than ΔEO is used as a descriptor in the analysis. It is demonstrated that the formation of the OCl adsorbate within the chlorine evolution reaction inherently limits chlorine selectivity, whereas, in the optimum case, the formation of the Cl intermediate can result in significantly higher chlorine selectivity. This finding is used to derive the design criteria for highly selective chlorine evolution electrocatalysts, which can be used in the future to search for potential electrode compositions by material-screening techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S Exner
- Sofia University, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria.
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35
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Conductive additives for oxide-based OER catalysts: A comparative RRDE study of carbon and silver in alkaline medium. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Exner KS. Controlling Stability and Selectivity in the Competing Chlorine and Oxygen Evolution Reaction over Transition Metal Oxide Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai S. Exner
- Sofia University, Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyDepartment of Physical Chemistry 1 James Bourchier Avenue 1164 Sofia Bulgaria
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37
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Wintrich D, Öhl D, Barwe S, Ganassin A, Möller S, Tarnev T, Botz A, Ruff A, Clausmeyer J, Masa J, Schuhmann W. Enhancing the Selectivity between Oxygen and Chlorine towards Chlorine during the Anodic Chlorine Evolution Reaction on a Dimensionally Stable Anode. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wintrich
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan Barwe
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Alberto Ganassin
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Sandra Möller
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Tsvetan Tarnev
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Justus Masa
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
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38
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Song X, Zhao H, Fang K, Lou Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Ren Z, Zhou X, Fang H, Zhu Y. Effect of platinum electrode materials and electrolysis processes on the preparation of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water and slightly acidic electrolyzed water. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3113-3119. [PMID: 35518990 PMCID: PMC9059949 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) can be divided into acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (AEOW) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW). AEOW has the characteristics of low pH (pH < 2.7) and high oxidation-reduction potential (ORP > 1100 mV). SAEW is slightly acidic (pH = 5-6) and has an ORP of 700-900 mV. AEOW and SAEW both have a certain amount of active chlorine content (ACC), so they have the characteristics of broad spectrum, rapidity and high efficiency of sterilization. At present, there is little systematic research on AEOW and SAEW preparation. However, it is very important to study the preparation process, including electrode material and electrolytic process. First, the effects of Pt electrodes with different thermal decomposition temperatures on AEOW's pH, ORP and ACC values were investigated in detail. Next, for the SAEW preparation, the process is based on the preparation of AEOW by ion-exchange membrane electrolysis, reasonably mixing the electrolyzed cathode and anode solution. The effects of technological conditions such as electrolysis time, current density and electrolyte concentration have been systematically studied, and it is expected to get SAEW with a pH value slightly less than 7, a higher ORP value and a certain amount of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Song
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Keneng Fang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Yongshan Lou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Zongkui Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Chifeng Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Hua Fang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Yuchan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
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Deng L, Liu Y, Zhao G, Chen J, He S, Zhu Y, Chai B, Ren Z. Preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing water by TiO2 doped IrO2-Ta2O5 electrode with high selectivity and stability for chlorine evolution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Finke CE, Omelchenko ST, Jasper JT, Lichterman MF, Read CG, Lewis NS, Hoffmann MR. Enhancing the activity of oxygen-evolution and chlorine-evolution electrocatalysts by atomic layer deposition of TiO 2. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2018; 12:358-365. [PMID: 33312227 PMCID: PMC7680952 DOI: 10.1039/c8ee02351d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report that TiO2 coatings formed via atomic layer deposition (ALD) may tune the activity of IrO2, RuO2, and FTO for the oxygen-evolution and chlorine-evolution reactions (OER and CER). Electrocatalysts exposed to ~3-30 ALD cycles of TiO2 exhibited overpotentials at 10 mA cm-2 of geometric current density that were several hundred millivolts lower than uncoated catalysts, with correspondingly higher specific activities. For example, the deposition of TiO2 onto IrO2 yielded a 9-fold increase in the OER-specific activity in 1.0 M H2SO4 (0.1 to 0.9 mA cmECSA -2 at 350 mV overpotential). The oxidation state of titanium and the potential of zero charge were also a function of the number of ALD cycles, indicating a correlation between oxidation state, potential of zero charge, and activity of the tuned electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody E. Finke
- The Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- The Resnick Sustainability Institute, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Stefan T. Omelchenko
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin T. Jasper
- The Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- The Resnick Sustainability Institute, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael F. Lichterman
- The Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Carlos G. Read
- The Resnick Sustainability Institute, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nathan S. Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- The Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- The Resnick Sustainability Institute, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Caltech, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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41
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Zeradjanin AR, Ventosa E, Masa J, Schuhmann W. Utilization of the catalyst layer of dimensionally stable anodes. Part 2: Impact of spatial current distribution on electrocatalytic performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Rotating ring-disk electrode as a quantitative tool for the investigation of the oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Saha S, Kishor K, Pala RGS. Dissolution induced self-selective Zn- and Ru-doped TiO2 structure for electrochemical generation of KClO3. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01849e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an electrochemical approach to prepare a highly active and stable (Zn, Ru)-doped TiO2 (Ru0.26Ti0.73Zn0.01Ox) for electrochemical generation of KClO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulay Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Koshal Kishor
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Raj Ganesh S. Pala
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
- Materials Science Programme
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44
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Ming R, Zhu Y, Deng L, Zhang A, Wang J, Han Y, Chai B, Ren Z. Effect of electrode material and electrolysis process on the preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing water. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficient preparation of EO water can be controlled by different electrode materials and electrolysis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Ming
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Chai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
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45
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Steimecke M, Seiffarth G, Bron M. In Situ Characterization of Ni and Ni/Fe Thin Film Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Media by a Raman-Coupled Scanning Electrochemical Microscope Setup. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10679-10686. [PMID: 28933151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a spectroelectrochemical setup, in which Raman microscopy is combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in order to provide both spectroscopic and electrochemical information on the very same location of an electrode at the same time. The setup is applied to a subject of high academic and practical interest, namely, the oxygen evolution reaction at Ni and Ni/Fe electrodes. It comprises a transparent substrate electrode, onto which Ni and Ni/Fe thin films are deposited. An ultramicroelectrode (UME) is placed closely above the substrate to obtain electrochemical information, while a Raman microscope probes the same sample spot from below. To obtain information on oxygen evolution activity and structural changes, increasingly positive potentials from 0.1 up to 0.7 V vs Hg|HgO|1 M KOH were applied to the Ni/Fe-electrodes in 0.1 M KOH solution. Evolved oxygen is detected by reduction at a Pt UME, allowing for the determination of onset potentials, while the substrate current, which is recorded in parallel, is due to both overlapping oxygen evolution and the oxidation of Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH. An optimum of 15% Fe in Ni/Fe films with respect to oxygen evolution activity was determined. At the same time, the potential-dependent formation of γ-NiOOH characterized by the Raman double band at 475 and 557 cm-1 allows for the conclusion that a certain amount of disorder introduced by Fe atoms is necessary to obtain high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Steimecke
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Technische Chemie I, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerda Seiffarth
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Technische Chemie I, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Bron
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Technische Chemie I, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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46
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Han J, Yoo H, Kim M, Lee G, Choi J. High-performance bipolar plate of thin IrO x -coated TiO 2 nanotubes in vanadium redox flow batteries. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Ackermann S, Steimecke M, Morig C, Spohn U, Bron M. A complementary Raman and SECM study on electrically conductive coatings based on graphite sol-gel composite electrodes for the electrochemical antifouling. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Sohrabnejad-Eskan I, Goryachev A, Exner KS, Kibler LA, Hensen EJM, Hofmann JP, Over H. Temperature-Dependent Kinetic Studies of the Chlorine Evolution Reaction over RuO2(110) Model Electrodes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Sohrabnejad-Eskan
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Andrey Goryachev
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kai S. Exner
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Institut
für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institut
für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Over
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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49
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Jiang M, Wang H, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang G, Lu Z, Sun X, Jiang L. Superaerophobic RuO 2 -Based Nanostructured Electrode for High-Performance Chlorine Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602240. [PMID: 27753209 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a nanostructured electrode with superaerophobic surface property (i.e., superlow adhesion to gas bubbles) has been strikingly highlighted as an advanced technology to minimize the energy loss during various electrochemical gas evolution reactions. Herein, aiming at enhancing the performance of chlorine evolution reaction (ClER), which holds the key for chlor-alkali industry as well as water treatment, a nanostructured RuO2 @TiO2 electrode is demonstrated to overcome the bubble shielding effect, thereby maximizing the working area and offering a robust working condition. Benefitting from the direct growing architecture and the superaerophobic surface property, this nanostructured RuO2 @TiO2 electrode exhibits an excellent ClER performance, reaching 50 mA cm-2 at a low potential of 1.10 V (vs SCE) with a Faradaic efficiency over ≈90%. Moreover, a prominent stability (250 mA cm-2 for 10 h) is observed for this nanostructured electrode, probably due to the small vibrations and scratching forces from gas product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Energy, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Energy, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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50
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Wei S, Shi L, Ren Z, Zhang A, Ming R, Chai B, Zhu Y. Preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing water with a platinum electrode prepared by magnetron sputtering technique. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EO water has the maximum value of available chlorine content when prepared by the Pt-MS electrode due to its good selectivity for CER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Wei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Liubin Shi
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Ruoxi Ming
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Chai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
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