1
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Bartlett KA, Charland-Martin A, Lawton J, Tomlinson AL, Collier GS. Azomethine-Containing Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Copolymers for Simple and Degradable Conjugated Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300220. [PMID: 37449343 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have received significant attention as potentially lightweight and highly tailorable alternatives to inorganic semiconductors, but their synthesis is often complex, produces toxic byproducts, and they are not typically designed to be degradable or recyclable. These drawbacks necessitate dedicated efforts to discover materials with design motifs that enable targeted and efficient degradation of conjugated polymers. In this vein, the synthetic simplicity of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles (DHPPs) is exploited to access azomethine-containing copolymers via a benign acid-catalyzed polycondensation protocol. Polymerizations involve reacting a dialdehyde-functionalized dihydropyrrolopyrrole with p-phenylenediamine as the comonomer using p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The inherent dynamic equilibrium of the azomethine bonds subsequently enabled the degradation of the polymers in solution in the presence of acid. Degradation of the polymers is monitored via NMR, UV-vis absorbance, and fluorescence spectroscopies, and the polymers are shown to be fully degradable. Notably, while absorbance measurements reveal a continued shift to higher energies with extended exposure to acid, fluorescence measurements show a substantial increase in the fluorescence response upon degradation. Results from this study encourage the continued development of environmentally-conscious polymerizations to attain polymeric materials with useful properties while simultaneously creating polymers with structural handles for end-of-life management or/and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Ariane Charland-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Jonathan Lawton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, 30597, USA
| | - Aimée L Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, 30597, USA
| | - Graham S Collier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
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2
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Clark JA, Kusy D, Vakuliuk O, Krzeszewski M, Kochanowski KJ, Koszarna B, O'Mari O, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. The magic of biaryl linkers: the electronic coupling through them defines the propensity for excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorophores. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13537-13550. [PMID: 38033901 PMCID: PMC10685337 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is key for molecular photonics, governing the optical properties of chromophores comprising electron-rich and electron-deficient components. In photoexcited dyes with an acceptor-donor-acceptor or donor-acceptor-donor architecture, CT breaks their quadrupolar symmetry and yields dipolar structures manifesting pronounced solvatochromism. Herein, we explore the effects of electronic coupling through biaryl linkers on the excited-state symmetry breaking of such hybrid dyes composed of an electron-rich core, i.e., 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP), and pyrene substituents that can act as electron acceptors. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that strengthening the donor-acceptor electronic coupling decreases the CT rates and the propensity for symmetry breaking. We ascribe this unexpected result to effects of electronic coupling on the CT thermodynamics, which in its turn affects the CT kinetics. In cases of intermediate electronic coupling, the pyrene-DHPP conjugates produce fluorescence spectra, spreading over the whole visible range, that in addition to the broad CT emission, show bands from the radiative deactivation of the locally excited states of the donor and the acceptors. Because the radiative deactivation of the low-lying CT states is distinctly slow, fluorescence from upper locally excited states emerge leading to the observed anti-Kasha behaviour. As a result, these dyes exhibit white fluorescence. In addition to demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the effects of electronic coupling on CT dynamics, these chromophores can act as broad-band light sources with practical importance for imaging and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Kochanowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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3
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Abatti PP, Decarli NO, Gogoc S, Data P, Bechtold IH, Westphal E, Gallardo H. Shedding Light on Highly Emissive 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Derivatives: Synthesis and Aggregate-Dependent Emission. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300539. [PMID: 37801036 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Three tetraaryl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives containing different number of long alkoxy chains (2, 4 and 6) were synthesized, characterized and applied in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). The compounds showed good emission properties with Photoluminescence Quantum Yields (PLQYs) higher than 80 % in solution and 50 % in solid state (thin film). The solvatochromism results revealed a pronounced vibronic emission in methylcyclohexane and toluene, characterized by two distinct sharp emission peaks and a small redshift in the following order: methylcyclohexane>toluene>dichloromethane>tetrahydrofuran>acetonitrile. Also, the compounds formed aggregates with redshifted emission, which can be attributed to excimer formation. This phenomenon was observed in solutions containing 90 % water and with the concentration variation in methylcyclohexane (MCH). Compounds with a greater number of peripheral chains showed the capacity to keep hexagonal columnar organization in films after fast cooling from liquid state. OLEDs fabricated with these compounds showed turn-on voltages lower than 4.0 V, with luminance higher than 1400 cd m-2 , electroluminescence spectra with Full Width at Half Maximum lower than 70 nm and maximum External Quantum Efficiency between 7.2 % and 4.3 %. Overall, this shows that the 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole moiety is promising for applications where luminescence is paramount, as in organic light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Pazini Abatti
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Oliveira Decarli
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Księdza Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Szymon Gogoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Księdza Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego Łódź, 116, 90-543, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Eduard Westphal
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
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4
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Hawks A, Altman D, Faddis R, Wagner EM, Bell KJJ, Charland-Martin A, Collier GS. Relating Design and Optoelectronic Properties of 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles Bearing Biphenyl Substituents. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7352-7360. [PMID: 37561612 PMCID: PMC10461294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of peripheral functionality on optoelectronic properties of conjugated materials is an important task for the continued development of chromophores for myriad applications. Here, π-extended 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) chromophores with varying electron-donating or electron-withdrawing capabilities were synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, and the influence of functionality on optoelectronic properties was elucidated. First, chromophores display distinct differences in the UV-vis absorbance spectra measured via UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy in addition to changes in the onset of oxidation measured with cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Solution oxidation studies found that variations in the electron-donating and -withdrawing capabilities result in different absorbance profiles of the radical cations that correspond to quantifiably different colors. In addition to fundamental insights into the molecular design of DHPP chromophores and their optoelectronic properties, two chromophores display high-contrast electrochromism, which makes them potentially compelling in electronic devices. Overall, this study represents the ability to fine-tune the optoelectronic properties of DHPP chromophores in their neutral and oxidized states and expands the understanding of structure-property relationships that will guide the continued development of DHPP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison
M. Hawks
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Drake Altman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Ryan Faddis
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Ethan M. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Kenneth-John J. Bell
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Ariane Charland-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
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5
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Poronik YM, Baryshnikov GV, Deperasińska I, Espinoza EM, Clark JA, Ågren H, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. Deciphering the unusual fluorescence in weakly coupled bis-nitro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Commun Chem 2020; 3:190. [PMID: 36703353 PMCID: PMC9814504 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron-deficient π-conjugated functional dyes lie at the heart of organic optoelectronics. Adding nitro groups to aromatic compounds usually quenches their fluorescence via inter-system crossing (ISC) or internal conversion (IC). While strong electronic coupling of the nitro groups with the dyes ensures the benefits from these electron-withdrawing substituents, it also leads to fluorescence quenching. Here, we demonstrate how such electronic coupling affects the photophysics of acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorescent dyes, with nitrophenyl acceptors and a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole donor. The position of the nitro groups and the donor-acceptor distance strongly affect the fluorescence properties of the bis-nitrotetraphenylpyrrolopyrroles. Concurrently, increasing solvent polarity quenches the emission that recovers upon solidifying the media. Intramolecular charge transfer (CT) and molecular dynamics, therefore, govern the fluorescence of these nitro-aromatics. While balanced donor-acceptor coupling ensures fast radiative deactivation and slow ISC essential for large fluorescence quantum yields, vibronic borrowing accounts for medium dependent IC via back CT. These mechanistic paradigms set important design principles for molecular photonics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen M. Poronik
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eli M. Espinoza
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Present Address: College of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - John A. Clark
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Hans Ågren
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.77602.340000 0001 1088 3909Department of Physics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
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6
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Qin Y, Schnedermann C, Tasior M, Gryko DT, Nocera DG. Direct Observation of Different One- and Two-Photon Fluorescent States in a Pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole Fluorophore. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4866-4872. [PMID: 32441941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorophores are frequently employed to obtain superior spatial resolution in optical microscopy applications. To guide the rational design of these molecules, a detailed understanding of their excited-state deactivation pathways after two-photon excitation is beneficial, especially to assess the often-assumed presumption that the one- and two-photon excited-state dynamics are similar after excitation. Here, we showcase the breakdown of this assumption for one- and two-photon excitation of a centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole chromophore by combining time-resolved fluorescence and broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Compared to one-photon excitation, where radiative decay dominates the photodynamics, two-photon excitation leads to dynamics arising from increased nonradiative decay pathways. These different photodynamics are manifest to different quantum yields, thus highlighting the types of time-resolved studies described here to be valuable guideposts in the design of two-photon fluorophores for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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7
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Łukasiewicz ŁG, Rammo M, Stark C, Krzeszewski M, Jacquemin D, Rebane A, Gryko DT. Ground‐ and Excited‐State Symmetry Breaking and Solvatofluorochromism in Centrosymmetric Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrroles Possessing two Nitro Groups. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz G. Łukasiewicz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Charlie Stark
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM laboratory – UMR 6230University of Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
- Department of PhysicsMontana State University Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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8
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Kim T, Kim W, Vakuliuk O, Gryko DT, Kim D. Two-Step Charge Separation Passing Through the Partial Charge-Transfer State in a Molecular Dyad. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1564-1573. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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9
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Raikwar MM, Patil DS, Mathew E, Varghese M, Joe IH, Sekar N. Influence of thiophene spacer and auxiliary acceptor on the optical properties of 4-(Diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde based D-π-A-π-D Colorants with N-alkyl donors: Experimental, DFT and Z-scan study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Banasiewicz M, Stężycki R, Kumar GD, Krzeszewski M, Tasior M, Koszarna B, Janiga A, Vakuliuk O, Sadowski B, Gryko DT, Jacquemin D. Electronic Communication in Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles Possessing Sterically Hindered Aromatic Substituents. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anita Janiga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 France
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11
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Raikwar MM, Mathew E, Varghese M, Joe IH, Nethi SN. NLOphoric Triphenylamine Derived Donor-π-Acceptor-π-Donor Based Colorants: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Density Functional Theory and Z-scan Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:931-945. [PMID: 30689210 DOI: 10.1111/php.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three Donor-π-Acceptor-π-Donor type styryl dyes (5a-c) with different secondary donors are synthesized and characterized to study their nonlinear and linear optical properties. The structure-property relationships of the dyes are described in the light of systematic photophysical and theoretical investigations. The photophysical characteristics of 5a-c are influenced by the polarity of the medium, with an appreciable bathochromic shift in emission (5b = 81 nm) and large Stoke shifts (5b = 104-173 nm) in polar solvents. 5a-c showed intramolecular charge transfer characteristics recognized with the help of emission solvatochromism, solvent polarity graphs, natural bond orbital analysis and HOMO-LUMO energy difference. The optimized geometry and frontier molecular orbitals reveal that the electron donation takes place from secondary donors and not from a fixed donor (triphenylamine) which is more twisted. The nonlinear optical properties obtained using solvent induced spectral shift and computational methods are found within the limiting values. Z-scan results reveal saturable kind of behavior for 5a, 5b and 5c, whereas 5a and 5b show reverse saturable kind of behavior in acetone and ethanol and hence give optical limiting values. The two-photon absorption cross section described by two-level approximation is highest for 5b (251-300 GM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish M Raikwar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (Formerly UDCT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Elizabeth Mathew
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Manu Varghese
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Issac H Joe
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sekar Nagaiyan Nethi
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (Formerly UDCT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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12
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Tasior M, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Synthesis of Bis(arylethynyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles and Effect of Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Their Photophysical Behavior. Chemistry 2018; 25:598-608. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; Cours de la libération 351 33405 Talence France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; Cours de la libération 351 33405 Talence France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; Rue de la Houssinière 2 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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13
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Sadowski B, Hassanein K, Ventura B, Gryko DT. Tetraphenylethylenepyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Hybrids as Solid-State Emitters: The Role of Substitution Pattern. Org Lett 2018; 20:3183-3186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Tasior M, Czichy M, Łapkowski M, Gryko DT. Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole: The Missing Member of the Thienoacene Family. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:449-456. [PMID: 29272075 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and the corresponding bis(S,S-dioxide) were synthesized by using a concise synthetic strategy. Despite the presence of six fused aromatic rings, π-expanded pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles of this type absorb and emit at relatively short wavelengths, which reflects inefficient π conjugation due to the angular arrangement of the aromatic rings. They exhibit interesting and complex electrochemical behavior, which highlights their potential in organic electronics. Both heteroacenes undergo two-stage oxidation while retaining the independence of each 1-phenyl-1H-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]pyrrole, which was proved by in situ electron spin resonance measurements. Interestingly, electrochemically generated dicationdiradicals are not only distributed over the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, but also over the phenyl substituents located on nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Stężycki R, Ruckebusch C, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Quadrupolar Molecule Visualized in Time and Space. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6029-6034. [PMID: 29190104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the length of the push-pull branches of quadrupolar molecules on their excited-state symmetry breaking was investigated using ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. For this, the excited-state dynamics of an A-π-D-π-A molecule was compared with those of an ADA analogue, where the same electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) subunits are directly linked without a phenylethynyl π-spacer. The spatial distribution of the excitation was visualized in real time by monitoring C≡C and C≡N vibrational modes localized in the spacer and acceptor units, respectively. In nonpolar solvents, the excited state is quadrupolar and the excitation is localized on the π-D-π center. In medium polarity solvents, the excitation spreads over the entire molecule but is no longer symmetric. Finally, in the most polar solvents, the excitation localizes on a single D-π-A branch, contrary to the ADA analogue where symmetry breaking is only partial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- Université de Lille , CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Lille 59000, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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16
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Krzeszewski M, Gryko D, Gryko DT. The Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles-From Serendipitous Discovery to Promising Heterocyclic Optoelectronic Materials. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2334-2345. [PMID: 28795799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progress in organic optoelectronics requires compounds possessing a suitable combination of photophysical and electronic properties. Another key constraint encompasses the availability of feasible, and hopefully scalable, synthetic procedures for preparing the molecular scaffolds of interest. A multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines, and butane-2,3-dione that was discovered in 2013 gives straightforward access to previously unavailable 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. These dyes are examples of heteropentalenes-a class of 10-π-electron aromatic compounds. The unsurpassed variety of aromatic aldehydes and primary aromatic amines, which are commercially available or easy to prepare, allows for potential routes to thousands of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles that are currently unknown. This synthetic procedure offers a means for preparing the pyrrolopyroles in gram quantities and isolating them by simple filtration. Typically, the construction of an aromatic core is merely the first phase in a long procedure toward multistep functionalization. Conversely, the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles leads to preinstalled substituents in frames with C2 symmetry, which "opens Sesame" to a wealth of structural possibilities. In addition, steric hindrance of the aldehyde components, rather than presenting a problem, is beneficial for increasing the yields of the products. This feature provides invaluable routes for the synthesis of a broad range of π-extended systems possessing the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core in just a few steps. Indeed, this approach has enabled the preparation of a large number of previously unknown ladder-type heteroacenes possessing additional rings based on carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, and nitrogen-nitrogen double bonds as well as nitrogen-boron single bonds. This set of chromophores includes planar and curved structures bearing up to 14 conjugated rings. 1,2,4,5-Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles manifest broad absorption bands between about 300 and 450 nm, strong violet-blue or blue fluorescence with typical quantum yields of ∼60%, significant Stokes shifts ranging between 3000 and 5800 cm-1, and emission while in the solid state. Should the two peripheral aryl groups have an electron-deficient character, the two-photon absorption cross section also becomes pronounced, i.e., ∼400 GM. Perhaps the most important feature of these dyes is their strong solvatofluorochromism, which predestines their value as environment-sensitive probes. Extension of the π-conjugation of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles enables further modifications of their photophysical properties, such as shifting the emission bathochromically, increasing the Stokes shift beyond 10 000 cm-1, and attaining solvatofluorochromism for curved, butterfly-shaped analogues without a decrease in emission intensity when the solvent polarity is increased. Common features of these chromophores include a significant difference between the geometries of their relaxed ground and relaxed excited states as well as strong electronic coupling through their aromatic cores. Past and future intense exploration of the wide chemical space built around the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole skeleton offers unprecedented opportunities for comprehensive elucidation of how photoexcitation increases the electronic coupling through biaryl linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Sadowski B, Kita H, Grzybowski M, Kamada K, Gryko DT. π-Expanded Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones with Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section Values. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7254-7264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanayo Kita
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Kansai Centre, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kenji Kamada
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Kansai Centre, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Łukasiewicz ŁG, Ryu HG, Mikhaylov A, Azarias C, Banasiewicz M, Kozankiewicz B, Ahn KH, Jacquemin D, Rebane A, Gryko DT. Symmetry Breaking in Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles: Synthesis, Solvatofluorochromism and Two-photon Absorption. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1736-1748. [PMID: 28398672 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Five centrosymmetric and one dipolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles, possessing either two or one strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group have been synthesized in a straightforward manner from simple building blocks. For the symmetric compounds, the nitroaryl groups induced spontaneous breaking of inversion symmetry in the excited state, thereby leading to large solvatofluorochromism. To study the origin of this effect, the series employed peripheral structural motifs that control the degree of conjugation via altering of dihedral angle between the 4-nitrophenyl moiety and the electron-rich core. We observed that for compounds with a larger dihedral angle, the fluorescence quantum yield decreased quickly when exposed to even moderately polar solvents. Reducing the dihedral angle (i.e., placing the nitrobenzene moiety in the same plane as the rest of the molecule) moderated the dependence on solvent polarity so that the dye exhibited significant emission, even in THF. To investigate at what stage the symmetry breaking occurs, we measured two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra and 2PA cross-sections (σ2PA ) for all six compounds. The 2PA transition profile of the dipolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, followed the corresponding one-photon absorption (1PA) spectrum, which provided an estimate of the change of the permanent electric dipole upon transition, ≈18 D. The nominally symmetric compounds displayed an allowed 2PA transition in the wavelength range of 700-900 nm. The expansion via a triple bond resulted in the largest peak value, σ2PA =770 GM, whereas altering the dihedral angle had no effect other than reducing the peak value two- or even three-fold. In the S0 →S1 transition region, the symmetric structures also showed a partial overlap between 2PA and 1PA transitions in the long-wavelength wing of the band, from which a tentative, relatively small dipole moment change, 2-7 D, was deduced, thus suggesting that some small symmetry breaking may be possible in the ground state, even before major symmetry breaking occurs in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz G Łukasiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hye Gun Ryu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Korea
| | | | - Cloé Azarias
- CEISAM laboratory-UMR 6230, University of Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM laboratory-UMR 6230, University of Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.,National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Tasior M, Gryko DT. Synthesis and Properties of Ladder-Type BN-Heteroacenes and Diazabenzoindoles Built on a Pyrrolopyrrole Scaffold. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6580-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Klikar M, Solanke P, Tydlitát J, Bureš F. Alphabet-Inspired Design of (Hetero)Aromatic Push-Pull Chromophores. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1886-905. [PMID: 27272649 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull molecules represent a unique and fascinating class of organic π-conjugated materials. Herein, we provide a summary of their recent extraordinary design inspired by letters of the alphabet, especially focusing on H-, L-, T-, V-, X-, and Y-shaped molecules. Representative structures from each class were presented and their fundamental properties and prospective applications were discussed. In particular, emphasis is given to molecules recently prepared in our laboratory with T-, X-, and Y-shaped arrangements based on indan-1,3-dione, benzene, pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, and triphenylamine. These push-pull molecules turned out to be very efficient charge-transfer chromophores with tunable properties suitable for second-order nonlinear optics, two-photon absorption, reversible pH-induced and photochromic switching, photocatalysis, and intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Klikar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Parmeshwar Solanke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tydlitát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
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21
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Stężycki R, Grzybowski M, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Gryko DT. Z-Shaped Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles and Their Transformation into π-Expanded Indolo[3,2-b
]indoles. Chemistry 2016; 22:5198-203. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; Université Bordeaux (CNRS UMR 5255) Bâtiment A12; 351 cours de la liberation 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; Université Bordeaux (CNRS UMR 5255) Bâtiment A12; 351 cours de la liberation 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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22
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Wu JY, Yu CH, Wen JJ, Chang CL, Leung MK. Pyrrolo-[3,2-b]pyrroles for Photochromic Analysis of Halocarbons. Anal Chem 2015; 88:1195-201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Wu
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jung-Jung Wen
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chiou-Ling Chang
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
| | - Man-kit Leung
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
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23
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Friese DH, Mikhaylov A, Krzeszewski M, Poronik YM, Rebane A, Ruud K, Gryko DT. Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles-From Unprecedented Solvatofluorochromism to Two-Photon Absorption. Chemistry 2015; 21:18364-74. [PMID: 26511232 PMCID: PMC4713190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical study of the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of a series of quadrupolar molecules possessing a highly electron-rich heterocyclic core, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, is presented. In agreement with quantum-chemical calculations, large 2PA cross-section values, σ2PA ≈10(2) -10(3) GM (1 GM=10(50) cm(4) s photon(-1) ), are observed at wavelengths of 650-700 nm, which correspond to the two-photon allowed but one-photon forbidden transitions. The calculations also predict that increased planarity of this molecule through removal of two N-substituents leads to further increase in the σ2PA values. Surprisingly, the most quadrupolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative, containing two 4-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, demonstrates a very strong solvatofluorochromic effect, with a fluorescence quantum yield as high as 0.96 in cyclohexane, whereas the fluorescence vanishes in DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Friese
- Universitetet i Tromsø-Norges Arktiske Universitet, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø (Norway)
| | | | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 (USA).
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia Tee 23, 12618 Tallinn (Estonia).
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Universitetet i Tromsø-Norges Arktiske Universitet, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø (Norway).
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland).
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24
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Tasior M, Chotkowski M, Gryko DT. Extension of Pyrrolopyrrole π-System: Approach to Constructing Hexacyclic Nitrogen-Containing Aromatic Systems. Org Lett 2015; 17:6106-9. [PMID: 26634884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A facile three-step approach to synthesizing quinoline-fused pyrrolopyrroles is reported. The crucial step in this synthesis is the condensation of 2-aminophenyl substituted pyrrolopyrroles with aromatic aldehydes. The resulting hexacyclic ladder-type dyes strongly absorb UV radiation and exhibit fluorescence at 450-510 nm. The presence of pyridine-type and pyrrole-type nitrogen atoms is important for the electronic properties of this almost planar heterocycle. These heteroatoms, along with the addition of moderate electron-withdrawing and electron-accepting substituents, provide a means for fine-tuning of the emission characteristics of the polycyclic conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Orłowski R, Banasiewicz M, Clermont G, Castet F, Nazir R, Blanchard-Desce M, Gryko DT. Strong solvent dependence of linear and non-linear optical properties of donor–acceptor type pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23724-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core was determined to be an efficient linker allowing the conjugation of peripheral benzene rings. The resulting dipolar compounds displayed strong solvatochromism of fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Orłowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université Bordeaux 1 (CNRS UMR 5255)
- 33405 TALENCE cedex
- France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université Bordeaux 1 (CNRS UMR 5255)
- 33405 TALENCE cedex
- France
| | - Rashid Nazir
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université Bordeaux 1 (CNRS UMR 5255)
- 33405 TALENCE cedex
- France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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26
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Qiu L, Wang X, Zhao N, Xu S, An Z, Zhuang X, Lan Z, Wen L, Wan X. Reductive Ring Closure Methodology toward Heteroacenes Bearing a Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Core: Scope and Limitation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11339-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501402n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengjian An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lirong Wen
- State
Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Janiga A, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT. Diindolo[2,3-b:2',3'-f]pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles as electron-rich, ladder-type fluorophores: synthesis and optical properties. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:212-8. [PMID: 25273980 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previously unknown ladder-type heteroacenes were synthesized in just two steps from aromatic amines, 2-nitrobenzaldehydes, and biacetyl. A recently discovered multicomponent process affording 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles was followed by the Cadogan reaction, which resulted in simultaneous closure of two additional pyrrole rings. Rod-like compounds synthesized in this way were stable in the absence of light, and they were transformed into bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl) derivatives. The rigid herringbone-like structure resulted in a strong absorption in the λ=350-410 nm region and very strong violet and blue emission, which was bathochromically shifted relative to the emission of the parent 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. The optical properties of these compounds strongly suggest that the conjugation spanned the entire π system. The HOMO energy level was located at -4.6 to -5.1 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Janiga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland)
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Janiga A, Gryko DT. 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and Its π-Expanded Analogues. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3036-45. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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