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Wan Q, Thompson BC. Control of Properties through Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305356. [PMID: 37946703 PMCID: PMC10885672 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular design is crucial for endowing conjugated polymers (CPs) with unique properties and enhanced electronic performance. Introducing Hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) into CPs has been a broadly exploited, yet still emerging strategy capable of tuning a range of properties encompassing solubility, crystallinity, electronic properties, solid-state morphology, and stability, as well as mechanical properties and self-healing properties. Different H-bonding groups can be utilized to tailor CPs properties based on the applications of interest. This review provides an overview of classes of H-bonding CPs (assorted by the different H-bond functional groups), the synthetic methods to introduce the corresponding H-bond functional groups and the impact of H-bonding in CPs on corresponding electronic and materials properties. Recent advances in addressing the trade-off between electronic performance and mechanical durability are also highlighted. Furthermore, insights into future directions and prospects for H-bonded CPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
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Raczyńska ED. On Prototropy and Bond Length Alternation in Neutral and Ionized Pyrimidine Bases and Their Model Azines in Vacuo. Molecules 2023; 28:7282. [PMID: 37959699 PMCID: PMC10648772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the complete tautomeric equilibria are derived for disubstituted pyrimidine nucleic acid bases starting from phenol, aniline, and their model compounds-monosubstituted aromatic azines. The differences in tautomeric preferences for isolated (gaseous) neutral pyrimidine bases and their model compounds are discussed in light of different functional groups, their positions within the six-membered ring, electronic effects, and intramolecular interactions. For the discussion of tautomeric preferences and for the analysis of internal effects, recent quantum-chemical results are taken into account and compared to some experimental ones. For each possible tautomer-rotamer of the title compounds, the bond length alternation, measured by means of the harmonic oscillator model of electron delocalization (HOMED) index, is examined. Significant HOMED similarities exist for mono- and disubstituted derivatives. The lack of parallelism between the geometric (HOMED) and energetic (ΔG) parameters for all possible isomers clearly shows that aromaticity is not the main factor that dictates tautomeric preferences for pyrimidine bases, particularly for uracil and thymine. The effects of one-electron loss (positive ionization) and one-electron gain (negative ionization) on prototropy and bond length alternation are also reviewed for pyrimidine bases and their models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Daniela Raczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
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Wan Q, Seo S, Lee SW, Lee J, Jeon H, Kim TS, Kim BJ, Thompson BC. High-Performance Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Solar Cell with Record Efficiency and Stretchability Enabled by Thymine-Functionalized Terpolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37220423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Designing new polymer semiconductors for intrinsically stretchable polymer solar cells (IS-PSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and durability is critical for wearable electronics applications. Nearly all high-performance PSCs are constructed using fully conjugated polymer donors (PD) and small-molecule acceptors (SMA). However, a successful molecular design of PDs for high-performance and mechanically durable IS-PSCs without sacrificing conjugation has not been realized. In this study, we design a novel thymine side chain terminated 6,7-difluoro-quinoxaline (Q-Thy) monomer and synthesize a series of fully conjugated PDs (PM7-Thy5, PM7-Thy10, PM7-Thy20) featuring Q-Thy. The Q-Thy units capable of inducing dimerizable hydrogen bonding enable strong intermolecular PD assembly and highly efficient and mechanically robust PSCs. The PM7-Thy10:SMA blend demonstrates a combination of high PCE (>17%) in rigid devices and excellent stretchability (crack-onset value >13.5%). More importantly, PM7-Thy10-based IS-PSCs show an unprecedented combination of PCE (13.7%) and ultrahigh mechanical durability (maintaining 80% of initial PCE after 43% strain), illustrating the promising potential for commercialization in wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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Szatylowicz H, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Krygowski TM. Aromaticity of nucleic acid bases. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Halina Szatylowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00‐664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurélia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurélia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona Spain
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Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Swart M, Fonseca Guerra C, Krygowski TM, Szatylowicz H. Effect of Alkali Metal Cations on Length and Strength of Hydrogen Bonds in DNA Base Pairs. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2112-2126. [PMID: 32643813 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
For many years, non-covalently bonded complexes of nucleobases have attracted considerable interest. However, there is a lack of information about the nature of hydrogen bonding between nucleobases when the bonding is affected by metal coordination to one of the nucleobases, and how the individual hydrogen bonds and aromaticity of nucleobases respond to the presence of the metal cation. Here we report a DFT computational study of nucleobase pairs interacting with alkali metal cations. The metal cations contribute to the stabilization of the base pairs to varying degrees depending on their position. The energy decomposition analysis revealed that the nature of bonding between nucleobases does not change much upon metal coordination. The effect of the cations on individual hydrogen bonds were described by changes in VDD charges on frontier atoms, H-bond length, bond energy from NBO analysis, and the delocalization index from QTAIM calculations. The aromaticity changes were determined by a HOMA index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Halina Szatylowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
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Baranac-Stojanović M. Triplet-State Structures, Energies, and Antiaromaticity of BN Analogues of Benzene and Their Benzo-Fused Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13582-13594. [PMID: 31538474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that benzene is aromatic in the ground state (the Hückel's rule) and antiaromatic in the first triplet (T1) excited state (the Baird's rule). Whereas its BN analogues, the three isomeric dihydro-azaborines, have been shown to have various degrees of aromaticity in their ground state, almost no data are available for their T1 states. Thus, the purpose of this work is to theoretically [B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)] predict structures, energies, and antiaromaticity of T1 dihydro-azaborines and some benzo-fused derivatives. Conclusions are based on spin density analysis, isogyric and hydrogenation reactions, HOMA, NICS, and ACID calculations. The results suggest that singlet-triplet energy gaps, antiaromaticity, and related excited-state properties of benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene could be tuned and controlled by the BN substitution pattern. While all studied compounds remain (nearly) planar upon excitation, the spin density distribution in T1 1,4-dihydro-azaborine induces a conformational change by which the two co-planar C-H bonds in the ground state become perpendicular to each other in the excited state. This predicted change in geometry could be of interest for the design of new photomechanical materials. Excitation of B-CN/N-NH2 1,4-azaborine would have a few effects: intramolecular charge transfer, aromaticity reversal, rotation, and stereoelectronic Umpolung of the amino group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16 , P.O.Box 158, 11000 Belgrade , Serbia
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Application of the Extended HOMED (Harmonic Oscillator Model of Aromaticity) Index to Simple and Tautomeric Five-Membered Heteroaromatic Cycles with C, N, O, P, and S Atoms. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometry-based HOMA (Harmonic Oscillator Model of Aromaticity) descriptor, based on the reference compounds of different delocalizations of n- and π-electrons, can be applied to molecules possessing analogous bonds, e.g., only CC, only CN, only CO, etc. For compounds with different heteroatoms and a different number of CC, CX, XX, and XY bonds, its application leads to some discrepancies. For this reason, the structural descriptor was modified and the HOMED (Harmonic Oscillator Model of Electron Delocalization) index defined. In 2010, the HOMED index was parameterized for compounds with C, N and O atoms. For parametrization, the reference molecules of similar delocalizations of n- and π-electrons were employed. In this paper, the HOMED index was extended to compounds containing the CP, CS, NN, NP, PP, NO, NS, PO, and PS bonds. For geometrical optimization of all reference molecules and of all investigated heterocompounds, the same quantum–chemical method {B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)} was used to eliminate errors of the HOMED estimation. For some tautomeric systems, the Gn methods were also employed to confirm tautomeric preferences. The extended HOMED index was applied to five-membered heterocycles, simple furan and thiophene, and their N and P derivatives as well as for tautomeric pyrrole and phosphole and their N and P derivatives. The effects of additional heteroatom(s) in the ring on the HOMED values for furan are parallel to those for thiophene. For pyrroles, aromaticity dictates the tautomeric preferences. An additional N atom in the ring only slightly affects the HOMED values for the favored and well delocalized NH tautomers. Significant changes take place for their rare CH forms. When intramolecular proton-transfer is considered for phosphole and its P derivatives, the PH tautomers seem to be favored only for 1,2,3-triphosphole/1,2,5-triphosphole and for 1,2,3,5-tetraphosphole. For other phospholes, the CH forms have smaller Gibbs energies than the PH isomers. For phosphazoles, the labile proton in the favored form is linked to the N atom. The PH forms have smaller HOMED indices than the NH tautomers but higher than the CH ones.
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Raczyńska ED, Juras W. Effects of ionization and proton-transfer on bond length alternation in favored and rare isomers of isocytosine. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M. Does aromaticity account for an enhanced thermodynamic stability? The case of monosubstituted azaborines and the stereoelectronic chameleonism of the NH 2 group. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9465-9476. [PMID: 31016295 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01011d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work was initiated by the increasing interest in BN/CC isosterism and by the long-lasting interest in the concepts of aromaticity and substituent effects. We have theoretically examined the aromaticity and stability of monosubstituted BN isosters of benzene, the three isomeric azaborines. The results provide insight into the effect of substitution on two basic molecular properties, which are influenced, here, by the substituent effects and by the B/N relationship in the ring. The results, along with other examples in the literature, also warn chemists that the general belief that aromaticity accounts for enhanced thermodynamic stability is not always true. The stability of cyclic, conjugated compounds depends on several effects, and only one of them is aromaticity. In addition, our calculations predict a switching of electronic properties of the NH2 group from the usual p-electron donor to a π-electron acceptor when it is moved from the B/C atoms to the nitrogen atom in all isomers, or C6 in 1,3-azaborine. This is the result of the conformational change that places the NLP in the plane of the ring and the NH bonds in a favourable spatial position to act as acceptors of π-electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Nikolaienko TY, Bulavin LA. Atomic charges for conformationally rich molecules obtained through a modified principal component regression. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2890-2903. [PMID: 29327000 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05703b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modification of the principal component regression model is proposed for obtaining a fixed set of atomic charges (referred to as dipole-derived charges) optimized for reproducing the dipole moment of a conformationally rich molecule, i.e., a molecule with multiple local minima on the potential energy surface. The method does not require any adjustable parameters and requires the geometries of conformers, their dipole moments and atomic polar tensor (APT) charges as the only input data. The fixed atomic charges generated by the method not only reproduce the molecular dipole moment in all the conformers accurately, but are also numerically close to the APT charges, thereby ensuring accurate reproduction of the dipole moment variations caused by small geometrical distortions (e.g., by vibrations) of the conformers. The proposed method has been applied to canonical 2'-deoxyribonucleotides, the model DNA monomers, and the dipole-derived charges have been shown to outperform both the averaged APT and RESP charges in reproducing the dipole moments of large sets of conformers, thus demonstrating a potential usefulness of the dipole-derived charges as a 'reference point' for modeling polarization effects in conformationally rich molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymofii Yu Nikolaienko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, City of Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.
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L-arginine biosensors: A comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:228-239. [PMID: 29159315 PMCID: PMC5683103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine has been considered as the most potent nutraceutics discovered ever, due to its powerful healing property, and it's been known to scientists as the Miracle Molecule. Arginine detection in fermented food products is necessary because, high level of arginine in foods forms ethyl carbamate (EC) during the fermentation process. Therefore, L-arginine detection in fermented food products is very important as a control measure for quality of fermented foods, food supplements and beverages including wine. In clinical analysis arginine detection is important due to their enormous inherent versatility in various metabolic pathways, topmost in the synthesis of Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor growth. A number of methods are being used for arginine detection, but biosensors technique holds prime position due to rapid response, high sensitivity and high specificity. However, there are many problems still to be addressed, including selectivity, real time analysis and interference of urea presence in the sample. In the present review we aim to emphasize the significant role of arginine in human physiology and foods. A small attempt has been made to discuss the various techniques used for development of arginine biosensor and how these techniques affect their performance. The choice of transducers for arginine biosensor ranges from optical, pH sensing, ammonia gas sensing, ammonium ion-selective, conductometric and amperometric electrodes because ammonia is formed as a final product. First ever review on arginine biosensors. Description of significance role of arginine in food and human physiology. Comparison of different immobilizations, transducers and biological components used for the development of arginine biosensors. Critically reviewed all the biosensors developed for arginine detection, discussed the possible challenges and recommendations.
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Palagin D, Doye JPK. DNA-stabilized Ag-Au bimetallic clusters: the effects of alloying and embedding on optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22311-22. [PMID: 27459508 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04352f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Global geometry optimization and time-dependent density functional theory calculations have been used to study the structural evolution and optical properties of AgnAun (n = 2-6) nanoalloys both as individual clusters and as clusters stabilized with the fragments of DNA of different size. We show that alloying can be used to control and tune the level of interaction between the metal atoms of the cluster and the organic fragments of the DNA ligands. For instance, gold and silver atoms are shown to exhibit synergistic effects in the process of charge transfer from the nucleobase to the cluster, with the silver atoms directly connected to the nitrogen atoms of cytosine increasing their positive partial charge, while their more electronegative neighbouring gold atoms host the excess negative charge. This allows the geometrical structures and optical absorption spectra of small bimetallic clusters to retain many of their main features upon aggregation with relatively large DNA fragments, such as a cytosine-based 9-nucleotide hairpin loop, which suggests a potential synthetic route to such hybrid metal-organic compounds, and opens up the possibility of bringing the unique tunable properties of bimetallic nanoalloys to biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Palagin
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Jonathan P K Doye
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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Srivastava AK, Pandey SK, Misra N. The aromaticity and electronic properties of monosubstituted benzene, borazine and diazadiborine rings: an ab initio MP2 study. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Modeling of stability and properties of anionic and cationic tautomers of the 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one system. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stasyuk OA, Szatylowicz H, Krygowski TM. Aromaticity of H-bonded and metal complexes of guanine tautomers. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tejchman W, Proniewicz LM, Zborowski KK. Molecular properties of selenomaltols: new interesting ligands for bioactive metal complexes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Tejchman
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biology; Pedagogical University of Cracow; 2 Podchorążych St. 30-084 Kraków Poland
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Raczyńska ED, Makowski M, Hallmann M, Kamińska B. Geometric and energetic consequences of prototropy for adenine and its structural models – a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototropy for adenine and its convenient models causes parallel changes of geometric (HOMED) and energetic (ΔE) parameters for neutral tautomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D. Raczyńska
- Department of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)
- 02-776 Warszawa
- Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Hallmann
- Department of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)
- 02-776 Warszawa
- Poland
| | - Beata Kamińska
- Department of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)
- 02-776 Warszawa
- Poland
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