1
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Pan T, Li P. Sulfur-Mediated Formal Allylic C-H Cyclopropanation of α-Methylstyrenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37137822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Allylic C-H cyclopropanation of α-methylstyrene and its derivatives was realized through a one-pot two-step sequence, formally converting two aliphatic C-H bonds to C-C bonds with a good yield and high diastereoselectivity, thus providing a quick entry to the synthetically useful vinyl cyclopropane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Ni HQ, Cooper P, Yang S, Wang F, Sach N, Bedekar PG, Donaldson JS, Tran-Dubé M, McAlpine IJ, Engle KM. Mapping Ambiphile Reactivity Trends in the Anti-(Hetero)annulation of Non-Conjugated Alkenes via Pd II /Pd IV Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114346. [PMID: 35007393 PMCID: PMC8923970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically evaluate different ambiphilic organohalides for their ability to participate in anti-selective carbo- or heteroannulation with non-conjugated alkenyl amides under PdII /PdIV catalysis. Detailed optimization of the reaction conditions has led to protocols for synthesizing tetrahydropyridines, tetralins, pyrrolidines, and other carbo/heterocyclic cores via [n+2] (n=3-5) (hetero)annulation. Expansion of scope to otherwise unreactive ambiphilic haloketones through PdII /amine co-catalysis is also demonstrated. Compared to other annulation processes, this method proceeds via a distinct PdII /PdIV mechanism involving Wacker-type directed nucleopalladation. This difference results in unique reactivity and selectivity patterns, as revealed through assessment of reaction scope and competition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phillippa Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Neal Sach
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Pranali G Bedekar
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joyann S Donaldson
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michelle Tran-Dubé
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Indrawan J McAlpine
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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3
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Babu SA, Aggarwal Y, Patel P, Tomar R. Diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed functionalization of prochiral C(sp 3)-H bonds of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2612-2633. [PMID: 35113087 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the reported developments of the palladium-catalyzed C-H activation and functionalization of the inactive/unreactive prochiral C(sp3)-H bonds of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds. There exist numerous classical methods for generating contiguous stereogenic centers in a compound with a high degree of stereocontrol. Along similar lines, the Pd(II)-catalyzed, directing group-aided functionalization of inactive prochiral/diastereotopic C(sp3)-H bonds have been exploited to accomplish the stereoselective construction of stereo-arrays in organic compounds. We present a concise discussion on how specific strategies consisting of Pd(II)-catalyzed, directing group-aided C(sp3)-H functionalization have been utilized to generate two or more stereogenic centers in aliphatic and alicyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Yashika Aggarwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Radha Tomar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
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4
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Ni HQ, Cooper P, Yang S, Wang F, Sach N, Bedekar PG, Donaldson JS, Tran-Dubé M, McAlpine IJ, Engle KM. Mapping Ambiphile Reactivity Trends in the Anti‐(Hetero)annulation of Non‐Conjugated Alkenes via Pd(II)/Pd(IV) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- The Scripps Research Institute Chemistry 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. 92037 La Jolla UNITED STATES
| | | | - Shouliang Yang
- Pfizer Inc Oncology Medicinal Chemistry 10770 Science Center Drive 92121 San Diego UNITED STATES
| | - Fen Wang
- Pfizer Inc Oncology Medicinal Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Neal Sach
- Pfizer Inc Oncology Medicinal Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | | | - Keary Mark Engle
- The Scripps Research Institute Department of Chemistry 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. 92037 La Jolla UNITED STATES
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5
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Liu B, Romine AM, Rubel CZ, Engle KM, Shi BF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Coordination-Assisted Functionalization of Nonactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14957-15074. [PMID: 34714620 PMCID: PMC8968411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed, coordination-assisted C(sp3)-H functionalization has revolutionized synthetic planning over the past few decades as the use of these directing groups has allowed for increased access to many strategic positions in organic molecules. Nonetheless, several challenges remain preeminent, such as the requirement for high temperatures, the difficulty in removing or converting directing groups, and, although many metals provide some reactivity, the difficulty in employing metals outside of palladium. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of coordination-assisted, transition-metal-catalyzed, direct functionalization of nonactivated C(sp3)-H bonds by covering the literature since 2004 in order to demonstrate the current state-of-the-art methods as well as the current limitations. For clarity, this review has been divided into nine sections by the transition metal catalyst with subdivisions by the type of bond formation. Synthetic applications and reaction mechanism are discussed where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Andrew M. Romine
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Camille Z. Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
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6
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Pd-catalyzed methylene γ-C(sp3)—H alkenylation of N-picolinoylcycloalkylamines with alkenyl iodides promoted by 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Fitzgerald LS, O'Duill ML. A Guide to Directing Group Removal: 8-Aminoquinoline. Chemistry 2021; 27:8411-8436. [PMID: 33559933 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of directing groups allows high levels of selectivity to be achieved in transition metal-catalyzed transformations. Efficient removal of these auxiliaries after successful functionalization, however, can be very challenging. This review provides a critical overview of strategies used for removal of Daugulis' 8-aminoquinoline (2005-2020), one of the most widely used N,N-bidentate directing groups. The limitations of these strategies are discussed and alternative approaches are suggested for challenging substrates. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive end-users' guide for chemists in academia and industry who want to harness the synthetic power of directing groups-and be able to remove them from their final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Miriam L O'Duill
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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8
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Shao NQ, Chen YH, Li C, Wang DH. Synthesis of γ-Lactams via Pd(II)-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H Olefination Using a Self-Cleaving Polyfluoroethylsulfinyl Directing Group. Org Lett 2020; 22:7141-7146. [PMID: 32875802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A monodentate directing group, 2-chlorotetrafluoroethylsulfinylmide (-NHSOCF2CF2Cl), for inert C(sp3)-H bond activation is reported. This directing group shows efficient ability in Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H olefination. The desired olefination products undergo subsequent Michael addition and in situ expulsion of the auxiliary to provide the free NH γ-lactam products. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the auxiliary group is crucial for C(sp3)-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Qi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chen
- School of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Vill., Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Vill., Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Rej S, Ano Y, Chatani N. Bidentate Directing Groups: An Efficient Tool in C-H Bond Functionalization Chemistry for the Expedient Construction of C-C Bonds. Chem Rev 2020; 120:1788-1887. [PMID: 31904219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, synthetic organic chemistry discovered that directing group assisted C-H activation is a key tool for the expedient and siteselective construction of C-C bonds. Among the various directing group strategies, bidentate directing groups are now recognized as one of the most efficient devices for the selective functionalization of certain positions due to fact that its metal center permits fine, tunable, and reversible coordination. The family of bidentate directing groups permit various types of assistance to be achieved, such as N,N-dentate, N,O-dentate, and N,S-dentate auxiliaries, which are categorized based on the coordination site. In this review, we broadly discuss various C-H bond functionalization reactions for the formation of C-C bonds with the aid of bidentate directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 560-0871 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Ano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 560-0871 , Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 560-0871 , Japan
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10
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Abstract
A direct β-alkenylation of simple ketones with alkenyl bromides is reported via a Pd-catalyzed redox cascade strategy. The reaction is redox neutral and directing-group-free, in the absence of strong acids or bases. Both cyclic and linear ketones are suitable substrates, and various alkenyl bromides can be coupled. The resulting β-alkenyl ketones are readily derivatized through diverse alkene functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Alexander J Rago
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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11
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Minami T, Fukuda K, Hoshiya N, Fukuda H, Watanabe M, Shuto S. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 1,2,3-Trisubstituted Cyclopropane Nucleosides Using Pd-Catalyzed Substitution via Directing Group-Mediated C(sp3)–H Activation as a Key Step. Org Lett 2019; 21:656-659. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Sambiagio C, Schönbauer D, Blieck R, Dao-Huy T, Pototschnig G, Schaaf P, Wiesinger T, Zia MF, Wencel-Delord J, Besset T, Maes BUW, Schnürch M. A comprehensive overview of directing groups applied in metal-catalysed C-H functionalisation chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6603-6743. [PMID: 30033454 PMCID: PMC6113863 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1097] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review is devoted to summarizing the recent advances (2015-2017) in the field of metal-catalysed group-directed C-H functionalisation. In order to clearly showcase the molecular diversity that can now be accessed by means of directed C-H functionalisation, the whole is organized following the directing groups installed on a substrate. Its aim is to be a comprehensive reference work, where a specific directing group can be easily found, together with the transformations which have been carried out with it. Hence, the primary format of this review is schemes accompanied with a concise explanatory text, in which the directing groups are ordered in sections according to their chemical structure. The schemes feature typical substrates used, the products obtained as well as the required reaction conditions. Importantly, each example is commented on with respect to the most important positive features and drawbacks, on aspects such as selectivity, substrate scope, reaction conditions, directing group removal, and greenness. The targeted readership are both experts in the field of C-H functionalisation chemistry (to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the last years) and, even more so, all organic chemists who want to introduce the C-H functionalisation way of thinking for a design of straightforward, efficient and step-economic synthetic routes towards molecules of interest to them. Accordingly, this review should be of particular interest also for scientists from industrial R&D sector. Hence, the overall goal of this review is to promote the application of C-H functionalisation reactions outside the research groups dedicated to method development and establishing it as a valuable reaction archetype in contemporary R&D, comparable to the role cross-coupling reactions play to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - David Schönbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Remi Blieck
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Toan Dao-Huy
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Gerit Pototschnig
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Patricia Schaaf
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Thomas Wiesinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Zia
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7509)
, Université de Strasbourg
,
ECPM 25 Rue Becquerel
, 67087 Strasbourg
, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
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13
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Chu JCK, Rovis T. Complementary Strategies for Directed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization: A Comparison of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Activation, Hydrogen Atom Transfer, and Carbene/Nitrene Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:62-101. [PMID: 29206316 PMCID: PMC5853126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C(sp3 )-H bonds streamlines chemical synthesis by allowing the use of simple molecules and providing novel synthetic disconnections. Intensive recent efforts in the development of new reactions based on C-H functionalization have led to its wider adoption across a range of research areas. This Review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of three main approaches: transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation, 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer, and transition-metal-catalyzed carbene/nitrene transfer, for the directed functionalization of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds. For each strategy, the scope, the reactivity of different C-H bonds, the position of the reacting C-H bonds relative to the directing group, and stereochemical outcomes are illustrated with examples in the literature. The aim of this Review is to provide guidance for the use of C-H functionalization reactions and inspire future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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14
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Chu JCK, Rovis T. Komplementäre Strategien für die dirigierte C(sp3)-H-Funktionalisierung: ein Vergleich von übergangsmetallkatalysierter Aktivierung, Wasserstoffatomtransfer und Carben- oder Nitrentransfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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15
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Deb A, Singh S, Seth K, Pimparkar S, Bhaskararao B, Guin S, Sunoj RB, Maiti D. Experimental and Computational Studies on Remote γ-C(sp3)–H Silylation and Germanylation of Aliphatic Carboxamides. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sukriti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kapileswar Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandeep Pimparkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Bangaru Bhaskararao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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16
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zeng T, Liu P, Engle KM. Catalytic Intermolecular Carboamination of Unactivated Alkenes via Directed Aminopalladation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11261-11270. [PMID: 28727452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An intermolecular 1,2-carboamination of unactivated alkenes proceeding via a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle has been developed. To realize this transformation, a cleavable bidentate directing group is used to control the regioselectivity of aminopalladation and stabilize the resulting organopalladium(II) intermediate, such that oxidative addition to a carbon electrophile outcompetes potential β-hydride elimination. Under the optimized reaction conditions, a broad range of nitrogen nucleophiles and carbon electrophiles are compatible coupling partners in this reaction, affording moderate to high yields. The products of this reaction can be easily converted to free γ-amino acids and γ-lactams, both of which are common structural motifs found in drug molecules and bioactive compounds. Reaction kinetics and DFT calculations shed light on the mechanism of the reaction and explain empirically observed reactivity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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17
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Zhu Y, Chen X, Yuan C, Li G, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Pd-catalysed ligand-enabled carboxylate-directed highly regioselective arylation of aliphatic acids. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14904. [PMID: 28383026 PMCID: PMC5384235 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
α-amino acids bearing aromatic side chains are important synthetic units in the synthesis of peptides and natural products. Although various β-C-H arylation methodologies for amino acid derivatives involving the assistance of directing groups have been extensively developed, syntheses that directly employ N-protected amino acids as starting materials remain rare. Herein, we report an N-acetylglycine-enabled Pd-catalysed carboxylate-directed β-C(sp3)-H arylation of aliphatic acids. In this way, various non-natural amino acids can be directly prepared from phthaloylalanine in one step in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, a series of aliphatic acids have been shown to be amenable to this transformation, affording β-arylated propionic acid derivatives in moderate to good yields. More importantly, this ligand-enabled direct β-C(sp3)-H arylation could be easily scaled-up to 10 g under reflux conditions, highlighting the potential utility of this synthetic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunchen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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18
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He C, Gaunt MJ. Ligand-assisted palladium-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of aliphatic amines for the synthesis of functionalized pyrrolidines. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3586-3592. [PMID: 30155203 PMCID: PMC6092717 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a ligand-assisted Pd-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of aliphatic amines is reported. Our studies indicated that an amino-acid-derived ligand renders the C-H bond activation step reversible and promotes the traditionally difficult alkenylation process. The C(sp3)-H alkenylation proceeds through a 5-membered-ring cyclopalladation pathway that allows access to complex aliphatic heterocycles that could be useful to practioners of synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www-gaunt.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www-gaunt.ch.cam.ac.uk
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19
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Thrimurtulu N, Khan S, Maity S, Volla CMR, Maiti D. Palladium catalyzed direct aliphatic γC(sp3)–H alkenylation with alkenes and alkenyl iodides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12457-12460. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05703b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic alkenylation of the unactivated distal γC(sp3)–H bonds of aliphatic acids with simple acrylates and vinyl iodides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Soham Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Chandra M. R. Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai
- Mumbai-400076
- India
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20
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Ding J, Zhang Y, Li J. Nickel-catalyzed selective C-5 fluorination of 8-aminoquinolines with NFSI. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first nickel-catalyzed selective C-5 fluorination of 8-aminoquinoline derivatives was achieved using NFSI as the “F” source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshuai Ding
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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21
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He J, Wasa M, Chan KSL, Shao Q, Yu JQ. Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations of Alkyl C-H Bonds. Chem Rev 2016; 117:8754-8786. [PMID: 28697604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1467] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This Review summarizes the advancements in Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation via various redox manifolds, including Pd(0)/Pd(II), Pd(II)/Pd(IV), and Pd(II)/Pd(0). While few examples have been reported in the activation of alkane C-H bonds, many C(sp3)-H activation/C-C and C-heteroatom bond forming reactions have been developed by the use of directing group strategies to control regioselectivity and build structural patterns for synthetic chemistry. A number of mono- and bidentate ligands have also proven to be effective for accelerating C(sp3)-H activation directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, which provides great opportunities to control reactivity and selectivity (including enantioselectivity) in Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Masayuki Wasa
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kelvin S L Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Qian Shao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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22
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Larrosa M, Heiles S, Becker J, Spengler B, Hrdina R. CH Bond Arylation of Diamondoids Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Acetate. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Jiang H, He J, Liu T, Yu JQ. Ligand-Enabled γ-C(sp(3))-H Olefination of Amines: En Route to Pyrrolidines. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2055-9. [PMID: 26796676 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed olefination of γ-C(sp(3))-H bonds of triflyl (Tf) and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Ns) protected amines is achieved. Subsequent aza-Wacker oxidative cyclization or conjugate addition of the olefinated intermediates provides a variety of C-2 alkylated pyrrolidines. Three pyridine- and quinoline-based ligands are developed to match different classes of amine substrates, demonstrating a rare example of ligand-enabled C(sp(3))-H olefination reactions. The use of Ns protecting group to direct C(sp(3))-H activation of alkyl amines is also a significant step toward practical C-H functionalizations of alkyl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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24
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Yang X, Shan G, Wang L, Rao Y. Recent advances in transition metal (Pd, Ni)-catalyzed C(sp 3 ) H bond activation with bidentate directing groups. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Yang X, Sun Y, Sun TY, Rao Y. Auxiliary-assisted palladium-catalyzed halogenation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6423-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The direct transformation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds into C-halogen bonds was achieved by palladium catalysis at room temperature with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Medicine
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Yonghui Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Medicine
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Tian-yu Sun
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Medicine
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
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26
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Reddy MD, Watkins EB. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds of α-Cyano Aliphatic Amides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11447-59. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Damoder Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
| | - E. Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
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