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Leuci R, Brunetti L, Tufarelli V, Cerini M, Paparella M, Puvača N, Piemontese L. Role of copper chelating agents: between old applications and new perspectives in neuroscience. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:751-762. [PMID: 38886940 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper (II) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases (such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Leuci
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Cerini
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Paparella
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nikola Puvača
- Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Lima RS, de Carvalho APA, Conte-Junior CA. Health from Brazilian Amazon food wastes: Bioactive compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, and potentials against cancer and oral diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12453-12475. [PMID: 35875893 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian Amazon contains over 30,000 plant species and foods rich in bioactive compounds such as terpenes, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, of potential health benefits (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, gastroprotection, prebiotic effects, among others). The existence of residues from non-edible parts of plants (leaves, roots, stems, branches, barks) or fruit wastes (peel, bagasse, seeds) in the agri-food industry and its supply chain is an important challenge in food loss and waste management. In this critical review several Amazon species, focusing on extracts/essential oils from nonedible parts or wastes, were analyzed in terms of phytochemicals, biological activity, and underlying mechanisms. We hope this review emphasizes the importance of Amazon's sustainability initiatives on population health due to the potential shown against cancer, infectious diseases, and prevention of oral diseases. It is urgent to think about the conversion of amazon food wastes and co-products into high-added-value raw materials to develop novel drugs, food packaging systems, or nutraceutical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa S Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Azevedo de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry, Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry, Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abdelouhab K, Guemmaz T, Karamać M, Kati DE, Amarowicz R, Arrar L. Phenolic composition and correlation with antioxidant properties of various organic fractions from Hertia cheirifolia extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115673. [PMID: 37634359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Hertia cheirifolia L. is a medicinal plant that has been used for a long time in folk Mediterranean medicine. The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of organic fractions from H. cheirifolia extracts. Crude methanolic extracts were firstly prepared from the different parts of the plant. Then four different organic fractions were obtained by fractioning each extract, using different solvents with increasing polarity (hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate). The Phenolic content was analyzed using a UV-Vis colorimetric methods followed by a qualitative and quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) system. After that, the antioxidant potential of the different organic fractions was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays, reducing power of iron (FRAP) and inhibition of β-carotene oxidation tests. Our results revealed that ethyl acetate fractions (EA) contained the highest content of total phenolics (100-250 mg GAE/g). Indeed, the ethyl acetate fraction from the flower extract (EA-F) displayed the lowest IC50 values for the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals (38.83 ± 0.34 µg/ml and 23.76 ± 0.11 µg/ml, respectively). Also, the strongest iron reducing power (2628.87 ± 16.47 µmol Fe2+Eq/ml) and the best rate of inhibition of the β-carotene oxidation (58.91 ± 5.79 %) were recorded. In sum, the present study suggests that, the organic fractions from H. cherifolia are potential natural antioxidants and this is probably related to their phenolics content and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Abdelouhab
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
| | - Thoraya Guemmaz
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Magdalena Karamać
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food. Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-474, Poland
| | - Djamel Eddine Kati
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food. Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-474, Poland
| | - Lekhmici Arrar
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria.
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Moravcová M, Lomozová Z, Kučera R, Mladěnka P. 3-Hydroxyflavone is a mildly active and safe cobalt chelator while cobalt markedly enhances baicalein toxicity toward erythrocytes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29242-29251. [PMID: 37809024 PMCID: PMC10551802 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalt intoxication can occur after its release from metal-based prostheses, which is generally clinically severe. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a cobalt chelator since there are currently no approved drugs for cobalt intoxication. As flavonoids are known for their metal chelating properties and safety, the screening of cobalt chelating properties was performed in a total of 23 flavonoids by our recently developed new spectrophotometric assay. Further assessment of positive or negative consequences of cobalt chelation was performed both in vitro and ex vivo. Six and thirteen flavonoids significantly chelated cobalt ions at pH 7.5 and 6.8, respectively. Baicalein demonstrated a significant activity even at pH 5.5; however, none of the flavonoids showed chelation at pH 4.5. In general, baicalein and 3-hydroxyflavone were the most active. They also mildly decreased the cobalt-triggered Fenton reaction, but baicalein toxicity toward red blood cells was strongly increased by the addition of cobalt. Quercetin, tested as an example of flavonoid unable to chelate cobalt ions significantly, stimulated both the cobalt-based Fenton reaction and the lysis of erythrocytes in the presence of cobalt. Therefore, 3-hydroxyflavone can serve as a potential template for the development of novel cobalt chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Moravcová
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Akademika Heyrovského 1203 50005 Hradec Králové Czech Republic +420-495-067-295
| | - Zuzana Lomozová
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Akademika Heyrovského 1203 50005 Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Akademika Heyrovského 1203 50005 Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Akademika Heyrovského 1203 50005 Hradec Králové Czech Republic +420-495-067-295
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Jomova K, Cvik M, Lauro P, Valko M, Cizmar E, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Oleksak P, Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ. The role of redox active copper(II) on antioxidant properties of the flavonoid baicalein: DNA protection under Cu(II)-Fenton reaction and Cu(II)-ascorbate system conditions. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112244. [PMID: 37178556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are mediated by their functional hydroxyl groups, which are capable of both chelating redox active metals such as iron, copper and scavenging free radicals. In this paper, the antioxidant vs. prooxidant and DNA protecting properties of baicalein and Cu(II)-baicalein complexes were studied under the conditions of the Copper-Fenton reaction and of the Copper-Ascorbate system. From the relevant EPR spectra, the interaction of baicalein with Cu(II) ions was confirmed, while UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated a greater stability over time of Cu(II)-baicalein complexes in DMSO than in methanol and PBS and Phosphate buffers. An ABTS study confirmed a moderate ROS scavenging efficiency, at around 37%, for both free baicalein and Cu(II)-baicalein complexes (in the ratios 1:1 and 1:2). The results from absorption titrations are in agreement with those from viscometric studies and confirmed that the binding mode between DNA and both free baicalein and Cu-baicalein complexes, involves hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The DNA protective effect of baicalein has been investigated by means of gel electrophoresis under the conditions of the Cu-catalyzed Fenton reaction and of the Cu-Ascorbate system. In both cases, it was found that, at sufficiently high concentrations, baicalein offers some protection to cells from DNA damage caused by ROS (singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radical anions). Accordingly, baicalein may be useful as a therapeutic agent in diseases with a disturbed metabolism of redox metals such as copper, for example Alzheimer's disease, Wilson's disease and various cancers. While therapeutically sufficient concentrations of baicalein may protect neuronal cells from Cu-Fenton-induced DNA damage in regard to neurological conditions, conversely, in the case of cancers, low concentrations of baicalein do not inhibit the pro-oxidant effect of copper ions and ascorbate, which can, in turn, deliver an effective damage to DNA in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia.
| | - Marcel Cvik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia; King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erik Cizmar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, University of P. J. Safarik, Park Angelinum 9, Kosice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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EDTA and IAA Ameliorates Phytoextraction Potential and Growth of Sunflower by Mitigating Cu-Induced Morphological and Biochemical Injuries. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030759. [PMID: 36983913 PMCID: PMC10051917 DOI: 10.3390/life13030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, copper is vital for normal growth and development of plants, however, its accumulation in soil exerts a severe negative impact on the agronomic characteristics and yield of the crop plants. Phytoextraction is a low-cost method for restoring soil fertility and avoiding losses due to heavy metal contamination. We found that using EDTA and IAA together improved sunflower hyperaccumulation capacity. Sunflowers were cultivated under various levels of Cu (0 (control), 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg of soil) and treated with EDTA alone or combined with IAA. The results revealed that the amended treatment significantly enhanced the absorption and accumulation of Cu in the sunflowers. Furthermore, the various doses of Cu significantly reduced the root and shoot growth of sunflowers in a concentration-dependent manner by impairing the chlorophyll content, hormones (indole 3-acetic acid, salicylic acid, and gibberellic acid), flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant response. The injurious effect of Cu was reduced by the addition of EDTA alone, and the supplementation of IAA led to a significant restoration of shoot growth (~70%) and root growth (~13%) as compared to the plant treated with Cu alone. Moreover, significantly higher levels of chlorophyll content, GA3, endogenous IAA, and flavonoids were recorded, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment in ameliorating plant health. The results also showed considerable restoration of the catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities in plants treated with EDTA and IAA. These results are suggestive that application of EDTA and IAA enhances the Cu absorption potential of sunflower and increases its tolerance to copper, which may not only serve as a better technique for phytoextraction of Cu, but also to bring Cu contaminated soil under cultivation.
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Basiouni S, Tellez-Isaias G, Latorre JD, Graham BD, Petrone-Garcia VM, El-Seedi HR, Yalçın S, El-Wahab AA, Visscher C, May-Simera HL, Huber C, Eisenreich W, Shehata AA. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Phytogenic Substances against Secret Killers in Poultry: Current Status and Prospects. Vet Sci 2023; 10:55. [PMID: 36669057 PMCID: PMC9866488 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is recognized as a secret killer in poultry. It is associated with systemic inflammation due to cytokine release, dysbiosis, and the so-called leaky gut syndrome, which mainly results from oxidative stress reactions that damage the barrier function of the cells lining the gut wall. Poultry, especially the genetically selected broiler breeds, frequently suffer from these chronic stress symptoms when exposed to multiple stressors in their growing environments. Since oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory damages are multi-stage and long-term processes, overshooting immune reactions and their down-stream effects also negatively affect the animal's microbiota, and finally impair its performance and commercial value. Means to counteract oxidative stress in poultry and other animals are, therefore, highly welcome. Many phytogenic substances, including flavonoids and phenolic compounds, are known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this review, firstly, the main stressors in poultry, such as heat stress, mycotoxins, dysbiosis and diets that contain oxidized lipids that trigger oxidative stress and inflammation, are discussed, along with the key transcription factors involved in the related signal transduction pathways. Secondly, the most promising phytogenic substances and their current applications to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in poultry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Basiouni
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Brittany D. Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Victor M. Petrone-Garcia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlan Izcalli 58190, Mexico
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Sakine Yalçın
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University (AU), 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - Helen L. May-Simera
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Structural Biochemistry of Membranes, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Structural Biochemistry of Membranes, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, An der Trift 8, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, 59159 Bönen, Germany
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Arjeh E, Khodaei SM, Barzegar M, Pirsa S, Karimi Sani I, Rahati S, Mohammadi F. Phenolic compounds of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.): Separation method, chemical characterization, and biological properties. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4238-4246. [PMID: 36514772 PMCID: PMC9731528 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a good source of bioactive compounds. However, information on the biological properties of sugar beet root is limited and its beneficial effects have not been completely understood. In this work, 10 phenolic compounds have been separated and identified in various parts of sugar beet for the first time, including the most abundant epicatechin (31.16 ± 1.89 mg/100 g), gallic acid (30.57 ± 2.69 mg/100 g), and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (30.14 ± 3.63 mg/100 g). The biological activity tests indicated that sugar beet peel potently scavenged the nitric oxide and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals with IC50 values of 88.17 ± 05.14 and 28.77 ± 0.62 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, sugar beet peel exhibited the highest reducing power, IC50 values of 11.98 ± 1.20 μg/ml, and the highest ion-chelating activity, IC50 values of 48.52% and 55.21% for cupric and ferrous ions at 250 μg/ml, respectively. Compared to synthetic antioxidants, sugar beet showed promising biological activities, which could be considered further in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Arjeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Seyedeh Mahsa Khodaei
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sajad Pirsa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Iraj Karimi Sani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Shiva Rahati
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Pan Y, Qin R, Hou M, Xue J, Zhou M, Xu L, Zhang Y. The interactions of polyphenols with Fe and their application in Fenton/Fenton-like reactions. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fedenko VS, Landi M, Shemet SA. Metallophenolomics: A Novel Integrated Approach to Study Complexation of Plant Phenolics with Metal/Metalloid Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911370. [PMID: 36232672 PMCID: PMC9570091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant adaptive strategies have been shaped during evolutionary development in the constant interaction with a plethora of environmental factors, including the presence of metals/metalloids in the environment. Among adaptive reactions against either the excess of trace elements or toxic doses of non-essential elements, their complexation with molecular endogenous ligands, including phenolics, has received increasing attention. Currently, the complexation of phenolics with metal(loid)s is a topic of intensive studies in different scientific fields. In spite of the numerous studies on their chelating capacity, the systemic analysis of phenolics as plant ligands has not been performed yet. Such a systematizing can be performed based on the modern approach of metallomics as an integral biometal science, which in turn has been differentiated into subgroups according to the nature of the bioligands. In this regard, the present review summarizes phenolics–metal(loid)s’ interactions using the metallomic approach. Experimental results on the chelating activity of representative compounds from different phenolic subgroups in vitro and in vivo are systematized. General properties of phenolic ligands and specific properties of anthocyanins are revealed. The novel concept of metallophenolomics is proposed, as a ligand-oriented subgroup of metallomics, which is an integrated approach to study phenolics–metal(loid)s’ complexations. The research subjects of metallophenolomics are outlined according to the methodology of metallomic studies, including mission-oriented biometal sciences (environmental sciences, food sciences and nutrition, medicine, cosmetology, coloration technologies, chemical sciences, material sciences, solar cell sciences). Metallophenolomics opens new prospects to unite multidisciplinary investigations of phenolic–metal(loid) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr S. Fedenko
- Research Institute of Biology, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, 72 Gagarin Avenue, 49010 Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2216620
| | - Sergiy A. Shemet
- Ukrainian Association for Haemophilia and Haemostasis “Factor D”, Topola-3, 20/2/81, 49041 Dnipro, Ukraine
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Lee VJ, Heffern MC. Structure-activity assessment of flavonoids as modulators of copper transport. Front Chem 2022; 10:972198. [PMID: 36082200 PMCID: PMC9445161 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.972198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic small molecules that are abundant in plant products and are largely recognized for their beneficial health effects. Possessing both antioxidant and prooxidant properties, flavonoids have complex behavior in biological systems. The presented work investigates the intersection between the biological activity of flavonoids and their interactions with copper ions. Copper is required for the proper functioning of biological systems. As such, dysregulation of copper is associated with metabolic disease states such as diabetes and Wilson's disease. There is evidence that flavonoids bind copper ions, but the biological implications of their interactions remain unclear. Better understanding these interactions will provide insight into the mechanisms of flavonoids' biological behavior and can inform potential therapeutic targets. We employed a variety of spectroscopic techniques to study flavonoid-Cu(II) binding and radical scavenging activities. We identified structural moieties important in flavonoid-copper interactions which relate to ring substitution but not the traditional structural subclassifications. The biological effects of the investigated flavonoids specifically on copper trafficking were assessed in knockout yeast models as well as in human hepatocytes. The copper modulating abilities of strong copper-binding flavonoids were largely influenced by the relative hydrophobicities. Combined, these spectroscopic and biological data help elucidate the intricate nature of flavonoids in affecting copper transport and open avenues to inform dietary recommendations and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Song MT, Wang WZ, Lu Y, Han RM, Skibsted LH, Zhang JP. Double-Site Binding and Anti-/Pro-oxidation of Luteolin on Bovine Serum Albumin Mediated by Copper(II) Coordination. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19521-19534. [PMID: 35721975 PMCID: PMC9202249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of luteolin (Lut) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) mediated by Cu(II) were investigated by spectroscopic, calorimetric, and molecular dynamic (MD) methods. Fluorescence studies showed that the binding of Lut to BSA was significantly enhanced by Cu(II) coordination with the number of binding sites and binding constant increasing from n = 1 and K a = 3.2 × 105 L·mol-1 for Lut to n = 2 and K a = 7.1 × 105 L·mol-1 for a 1:1 Cu(II)-luteolin complex, in agreement with the results from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Site-specific experiments with warfarin and ibuprofen and MD confirmed that two binding sites of BSA were sequentially occupied by two Cu(II)-luteolin complexes. Cu(II) coordination increased the antioxidant activity of luteolin by 60% in the inhibition of carbonyl formation from the oxidation of amino groups in the side chain of BSA induced by the peroxyl radical ROO•; however, it counteracted the antioxidant effects of luteolin and played pro-oxidative roles in BSA aggregation induced by •OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Song
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, Renmin University
of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, Renmin University
of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, Renmin University
of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rui-Min Han
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, Renmin University
of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leif H. Skibsted
- Department
of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics,
Department of Chemistry, Renmin University
of China, Beijing 100872, China
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13
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The effect of flavonoids on the reduction of cupric ions, the copper-driven Fenton reaction and copper-triggered haemolysis. Food Chem 2022; 394:133461. [PMID: 35728467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are considered beneficial, but they may exhibit pro-oxidative effects likely due to metal reducing properties. For the first time, 24 structurally related flavonoids were compared for copper reduction, and modulation of the copper-triggered Fenton reaction and lysis of erythrocytes. The vast majority of flavonoids reduced cupric ions; their behaviour ranged from progressive gradual reduction through bell-shaped, neutral, to a blockade of spontaneous reduction. Similarly, different behaviours were observed with the Fenton reaction. Flavone was the only flavonoid that potentiated copper-triggered haemolysis (155 ± 81 % at twice the amount of Cu2+), while 18 flavonoids were at least partly protective in some concentrations. Only 5-hydroxyflavone did not reduce Cu2+ and behaved as an antioxidant in both assays (reduction of 60 ± 10 % and 88 ± 1%, respectively, at an equimolar ratio with Cu2+). In conclusion, relatively subtle structural differences resulted in very different anti/prooxidant behaviour depending on the model.
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14
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Bravo-Díaz C. Advances in the control of lipid peroxidation in oil-in-water emulsions: kinetic approaches †. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6252-6284. [PMID: 35104177 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2029827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large efforts have been, and still are, devoted to minimize the harmful effects of lipid peroxidation. Much of the early work focused in understanding both the lipid oxidation mechanisms and the action of antioxidants in bulk solution. However, food-grade oils are mostly present in the form of oil-in-water emulsions, bringing up an increasing complexity because of the three-dimensional interfacial region. This review presents an overview of the kinetic approaches employed in controlling the oxidative stability of edible oil-in-water emulsions and of the main outcomes, with particular emphasis on the role of antioxidants and on the kinetics of the inhibition reaction. Application of physical-organic chemistry methods, such as the pseudophase models to investigate antioxidant partitioning, constitute a remarkable example on how kinetic methodologies contribute to model chemical reactivity in multiphasic systems and to rationalize the role of interfaces, opening new opportunities for designing novel antioxidants with tailored properties and new prospects for modulating environmental conditions in attempting to optimize their efficiency. Here we will summarize the main kinetic features of the inhibition reaction and will discuss on the main factors affecting its rate, including the determination of antioxidant efficiencies from kinetic profiles, structure-reactivity relationships, partitioning of antioxidants and concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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15
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Polyphenols as Antioxidants for Extending Food Shelf-Life and in the Prevention of Health Diseases: Encapsulation and Interfacial Phenomena. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121909. [PMID: 34944722 PMCID: PMC8698762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity caused by the exposure to human-made chemicals and environmental conditions has become a major health concern because they may significantly increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), negatively affecting the endogenous antioxidant defense. Living systems have evolved complex antioxidant mechanisms to protect cells from oxidative conditions. Although oxidative stress contributes to various pathologies, the intake of molecules such as polyphenols, obtained from natural sources, may limit their effects because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against lipid peroxidation and against a broad range of foodborne pathogens. Ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help to reduce the harmful effects of ROS, but the use of supramolecular and nanomaterials as delivery systems has emerged as an efficient method to improve their pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Suitable exogenous polyphenolic antioxidants should be readily absorbed and delivered to sites where pathological oxidative damage may take place, for instance, intracellular locations. Many potential antioxidants have a poor bioavailability, but they can be encapsulated to improve their ideal solubility and permeability profile. Development of effective antioxidant strategies requires the creation of new nanoscale drug delivery systems to significantly reduce oxidative stress. In this review we provide an overview of the oxidative stress process, highlight some properties of ROS, and discuss the role of natural polyphenols as bioactives in controlling the overproduction of ROS and bacterial and fungal growth, paying special attention to their encapsulation in suitable delivery systems and to their location in colloidal systems where interfaces play a crucial role.
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16
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Silymarin Dehydroflavonolignans Chelate Zinc and Partially Inhibit Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124238. [PMID: 34959790 PMCID: PMC8708252 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin is known for its hepatoprotective effects. Although there is solid evidence for its protective effects against Amanita phalloides intoxication, only inconclusive data are available for alcoholic liver damage. Since silymarin flavonolignans have metal-chelating activity, we hypothesized that silymarin may influence alcoholic liver damage by inhibiting zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Therefore, we tested the zinc-chelating activity of pure silymarin flavonolignans and their effect on yeast and equine ADH. The most active compounds were also tested on bovine glutamate dehydrogenase, an enzyme blocked by zinc ions. Of the six flavonolignans tested, only 2,3-dehydroderivatives (2,3-dehydrosilybin and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin) significantly chelated zinc ions. Their effect on yeast ADH was modest but stronger than that of the clinically used ADH inhibitor fomepizole. In contrast, fomepizole strongly blocked mammalian (equine) ADH. 2,3-Dehydrosilybin at low micromolar concentrations also partially inhibited this enzyme. These results were confirmed by in silico docking of active dehydroflavonolignans with equine ADH. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was decreased by zinc ions in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition was abolished by a standard zinc chelating agent. In contrast, 2,3-dehydroflavonolignans blocked the enzyme both in the absence and presence of zinc ions. Therefore, 2,3-dehydrosilybin might have a biologically relevant inhibitory effect on ADH and glutamate dehydrogenase.
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17
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Kashyap P, Shikha D, Thakur M, Aneja A. Functionality of apigenin as a potent antioxidant with emphasis on bioavailability, metabolism, action mechanism and in vitro and in vivo studies: A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13950. [PMID: 34569073 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. are linked with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Apigenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone) is a widely distributed flavonoid, responsible for antioxidant potential and chelating redox active metals. Being present as glycosides or polymers, the apigenin degrades to variable amount in the digestive tract; during processing, its activity is also reduced due to high temperature or Fe/Cu addition. Although its metabolism remains elusive, enteric absorption occurs sufficiently to reduce plasma indices of oxidant status. Delayed clearance in plasma and slow liver decomposition enhance its systematic bioavailability. Antioxidant mechanism of apigenin includes: oxidant enzymes inhibition, modulation of redox signaling pathways (NF-kB, Nrf2, MAPK, and P13/Akt), reinforcing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant, metal chelation, and free radical scavenging. DPPH, ORAC, ABTS, and FRAP are the major in vitro methods for determining the antioxidant potential of apigenin, whereas its protective effects in whole and living cells of animals are examined using in vivo studies. Due to limited information on antioxidant potential of apigenin, its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects are, therefore, discussed with action mechanism and interaction with the signaling pathways. This paper concludes that apigenin is a potent antioxidant compound to overcome the difficulties related to oxidative stress and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, India
| | - Deep Shikha
- Department of Food Technology, Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Mamta Thakur
- Department of Food Technology, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior, India
| | - Ashwin Aneja
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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18
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Moyano P, Vicente-Zurdo D, Blázquez-Barbadillo C, Menéndez JC, González JF, Rosales-Conrado N, del Pino J. Neuroprotective Action of Multitarget 7-Aminophenanthridin-6( 5H)-one Derivatives against Metal-Induced Cell Death and Oxidative Stress in SN56 Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3358-3372. [PMID: 34460227 PMCID: PMC8478279 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Neurodegenerative
diseases have been associated with brain metal
accumulation, which produces oxidative stress (OS), matrix metalloproteinases
(MMPs) induction, and neuronal cell death. Several metals have been
reported to downregulate both the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related
factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and the antioxidant enzymes regulated by it,
mediating OS induction and neurodegeneration. Among a recently discovered
family of multitarget 7-amino-phenanthridin-6-one derivatives (APH) the most promising compounds were tested against metal-induced
cell death and OS in SN56 cells. These compounds, designed to have
chelating activity, are known to inhibit some MMPs and to present
antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide
treatment to SN56 neuronal cells. However, the mechanisms that mediate
this protective effect are not fully understood. The obtained results
show that compounds APH1, APH2, APH3, APH4, and APH5 were only able to chelate
iron and copper ions among all metals studied and that APH3, APH4, and APH5 were also able to chelate
mercury ion. However, none of them was able to chelate zinc, cadmium,
and aluminum, thus exhibiting selective chelating activity that can
be partly responsible for their neuroprotective action. Otherwise,
our results indicate that their antioxidant effect is mediated through
induction of the Nrf2 pathway that leads to overexpression of antioxidant
enzymes. Finally, these compounds exhibited neuroprotective effects,
reversing partially or completely the cytotoxic effects induced by
the metals studied depending on the compound used. APH4 was the most effective and safe compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moyano
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Vicente-Zurdo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Blázquez-Barbadillo
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. González
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Rosales-Conrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier del Pino
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Shubina VS, Kozina VI, Shatalin YV. Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of a Conjugate of Taxifolin with Glyoxylic Acid and Selected Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081262. [PMID: 34439510 PMCID: PMC8389318 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that flavonoids can react with toxic carbonyl compounds in the process of the storage, aging, and digestion of flavonoid-rich foods and beverages. However, the effect of these reactions on the antioxidant properties of the polyphenolic fraction and the properties of the resulting products remain poorly studied. The aim of the present work was to study the antioxidant activity of quercetin, taxifolin, catechin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, naringenin and a product of the condensation of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid, as well as to reveal the structure–activity relationship of these polyphenols. It was found that flavonoids containing the catechol moiety exhibited higher antioxidant activity than hesperetin and naringenin. The product showed the highest hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, a lower metal-reducing and a higher iron-binding ability than catechol-containing flavonoids, and a lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity comparable with that of taxifolin. Thus, the condensation of flavonoids with toxic carbonyl compounds might lead to the formation of products exhibiting high antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, the conditions under which parent flavonoids and their products exhibit the maximal antioxidant activity may differ. The data suggest that the antioxidant profile of the polyphenolic fraction and bioavailability of polyphenols, carbonyl compounds, and metal ions may change when these reactions occur.
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20
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Lomozová Z, Catapano MC, Hrubša M, Karlíčková J, Macáková K, Kučera R, Mladěnka P. Chelation of Iron and Copper by Quercetin B-Ring Methyl Metabolites, Isorhamnetin and Tamarixetin, and Their Effect on Metal-Based Fenton Chemistry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5926-5937. [PMID: 34003649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a common flavonoid from human diet, is extensively metabolized. Its two metabolites with the preserved flavonoid core were tested in detail for their interactions with transition metals, iron and copper. Both compounds chelated both metals; however, there were some significant differences between them notwithstanding that the major chelation site (3-hydroxy-4-keto) was the same. The complex stoichiometries were also determined under different pH conditions and in both oxidation states. Mostly, complexes 2:1, flavonoid to metal, were observed. Both compounds reduced iron and copper in a bell-shaped manner with tamarixetin being less potent in general. Both metabolites potentiated the Fenton reaction triggered by iron, while they were able to decrease the copper-based Fenton reaction under acidic conditions. In cellular experiments, both metabolites attenuated the copper-triggered hemolysis with isorhamnetin being more potent. In conclusion, there are differences between methylated metabolites of quercetin in relation to their interactions with biologically relevant transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Lomozová
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Carmen Catapano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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21
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Meziant L, Bachir-bey M, Bensouici C, Saci F, Boutiche M, Louaileche H. Assessment of inhibitory properties of flavonoid-rich fig (Ficus carica L.) peel extracts against tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, urease and cholinesterases enzymes, and relationship with antioxidant activity. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Bernatova I, Liskova S. Mechanisms Modified by (-)-Epicatechin and Taxifolin Relevant for the Treatment of Hypertension and Viral Infection: Knowledge from Preclinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:467. [PMID: 33809620 PMCID: PMC8002320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown that certain flavonoids, flavonoid-containing plant extracts, and foods can improve human health. Experimental studies showed that flavonoids have the capacity to alter physiological processes as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with their antioxidant properties. An important function of flavonoids was determined in the cardiovascular system, namely their capacity to lower blood pressure and to improve endothelial function. (-)-Epicatechin and taxifolin are two flavonoids with notable antihypertensive effects and multiple beneficial actions in the cardiovascular system, but they also possess antiviral effects, which may be of particular importance in the ongoing pandemic situation. Thus, this review is focused on the current knowledge of (-)-epicatechin as well as (+)-taxifolin and/or (-)-taxifolin-modified biological action and underlining molecular mechanisms determined in preclinical studies, which are relevant not only to the treatment of hypertension per se but may provide additional antiviral benefits that could be relevant to the treatment of hypertensive subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Bernatova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Silvia Liskova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Maher P. Modulation of the Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Flavonol Fisetin by the Transition Metals Iron and Copper. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1113. [PMID: 33187316 PMCID: PMC7696754 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations occur in the homeostasis of the transition metals iron (Fe2+) and copper (Cu2+) during aging and these are further amplified in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). These observations suggest that the most effective drug candidates for AD might be those that can reduce these alterations. The flavonoid fisetin has both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo and can bind both iron and copper suggesting that its chelating activity might play a role in its beneficial effects. To test this idea, the effects of iron and copper on both the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of fisetin were examined. It is shown that while fisetin can reduce the potentiation of cell death by iron and copper in response to treatments that lower glutathione levels, it is much less effective when the metals are combined with other inducers of oxidative stress. In addition, iron but not copper reduces the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin in a dose-dependent manner. These effects correlate with the ability of iron but not copper to block the induction of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2, by fisetin. In contrast, although the flavanone sterubin also binds iron, the metal has no effect on sterubin's ability to induce Nrf2 or protect cells from toxic or pro-inflammatory insults. Together, these results suggest that while iron and copper binding could contribute to the beneficial effects of neuroprotective compounds in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, the consequences of this binding need to be fully examined for each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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24
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Xu YQ, Gao Y, Granato D. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate on the chemical and cell-based antioxidant activity, sensory properties, and cytotoxicity of a catechin-free model beverage. Food Chem 2020; 339:128060. [PMID: 32950901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) on the chemical and cell-based antioxidant activity, sensory properties, and cytotoxicity of a catechin-free model beverage were modeled using response surface methodology. Results showed that ECG presented the highest reducing capacity while EGCG presented the highest Cu2+ chelating ability. Binary interactions (EGCG/EGC and EGCG/ECG) had an additive effect on CUPRAC, DPPH and Cu2+ chelating ability. The mixture containing 67.4% ECG and 32.6% EGCG was the optimal combination of flavanols (OPC). In a beverage model - chrysanthemum tea - OPC enhanced the anti-proliferative activity in relation to OVCAR-3, HEK293 and HFL1 cells and decreased the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species. OPC enhanced the bitterness and astringency of the beverage models impacting in a decrease in overall acceptance. The pasteurization process did not decrease the antioxidant activity and the flavanol concentration of the beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Food Processing and Quality, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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25
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Choe E. Roles and action mechanisms of herbs added to the emulsion on its lipid oxidation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1165-1179. [PMID: 32802555 PMCID: PMC7406613 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of food emulsions is mainly determined by their physicochemical stability such as lipid oxidation, and herbs as antioxidative food materials are added to improve their quality and shelf-life. Despite the extensive researches, the chemistry and implications of herb addition in the lipid oxidation of emulsions are still confusing. This review intended to provide the information on the roles and action mechanisms of herbs in the lipid oxidation of food emulsions, with focuses on polyphenols. Polyphenols act as antioxidants mainly via reactive oxygen species scavenging and metal chelating; however, their oxidation products and reducing capacity to more reactive metal ions increase the lipid oxidation. Factors such as structure, concentration, and distribution determine their anti- or prooxidant role. Interactions, synergism and antagonism, among polyphenol compounds and the effects of tocopherols derived from oil on the antioxidant activity of herbs were also described with the involving action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunok Choe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212 Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhu H, Ai H, Hu Z, Du D, Sun J, Chen K, Chen L. Comparative transcriptome combined with metabolome analyses revealed key factors involved in nitric oxide (NO)-regulated cadmium stress adaptation in tall fescue. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:601. [PMID: 32867669 PMCID: PMC7457814 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) could ameliorate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tall fescue; however, the underlying mechanisms of NO mediated Cd detoxification are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification process by comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. RESULTS The application of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as NO donor decreased the Cd content of tall fescue by 11% under Cd stress (T1 treatment), but the Cd content was increased by 24% when treated with Carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO) together with Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (T2 treatment). RNA-seq analysis revealed that 904 (414 up- and 490 down-regulated) and 118 (74 up- and 44 down-regulated) DEGs were identified in the T1 vs Cd (only Cd treatment) and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. Moreover, metabolite profile analysis showed that 99 (65 up- and 34-down- regulated) and 131 (45 up- and 86 down-regulated) metabolites were altered in the T1 vs Cd and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. The integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that 81 DEGs and 15 differentially expressed metabolites were involved in 20 NO-induced pathways. The dominant pathways were antioxidant activities such as glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, secondary metabolites such as flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In general, the results revealed that there are three major mechanisms involved in NO-mediated Cd detoxification in tall fescue, including (a) antioxidant capacity enhancement; (b) accumulation of secondary metabolites related to cadmium chelation and sequestration; and (c) regulation of cadmium ion transportation, such as ABC transporter activation. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the NO-mediated cadmium stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Honglian Ai
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Palierse E, Przybylski C, Brouri D, Jolivalt C, Coradin T. Interactions of Calcium with Chlorogenic and Rosmarinic Acids: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4948. [PMID: 32668750 PMCID: PMC7403997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic (CA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids are two natural bioactive hydroxycinnamic acids whose antioxidant properties can be modulated by the chelation of metal ions. In this work, the interactions of these two carboxylic phenols with calcium ions and the impact of such interactions on their antioxidant activity were investigated. UV-Vis absorbance, mass spectroscopy and 1H and 13C liquid NMR were used to identify complexes formed by CA and RA with calcium. Antioxidant activities were measured by the Bois method. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to evaluate the most stable configurations and correlated with NMR data. Taken together, these data suggest that calcium ions mainly interact with the carboxylate groups of both molecules but that this interaction modifies the reactivity of the catechol groups, especially for RA. These results highlight the complex interplay between metal chelation and antioxidant properties of natural carboxylic phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Palierse
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (D.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Dalil Brouri
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (D.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Claude Jolivalt
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (D.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Thibaud Coradin
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
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Zubčić K, Radovanović V, Vlainić J, Hof PR, Oršolić N, Šimić G, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 Signalling Are Involved in Quercetin-Mediated Neuroprotection against Copper-Induced Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9834742. [PMID: 32733640 PMCID: PMC7369662 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9834742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper, a transition metal with essential cellular functions, exerts neurotoxic effects when present in excess by promoting production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study was to investigate potential benefits of flavonoid quercetin against copper-induced toxicity. Results obtained with MTT assay indicate that the effects of quercetin are determined by the severity of the toxic insult. In moderately injured P19 neuronal cells, concomitant treatment with 150 μM quercetin improved viability by preventing ROS formation, caspase-3 activation, and chromatin condensation. Western blot analysis revealed that quercetin reduced copper-induced increase in p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression and promoted upregulation of nucleoside diphosphate kinase NME1. Levels of p53 and Bax proteins were not affected by both copper and quercetin. UO126 and wortmannin, inhibitors of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways, respectively, prevented neuroprotective effects of quercetin. In severely injured neurons, 30 μM quercetin exerted strong prooxidative action and exacerbated cytotoxic effects of copper, whereas 150 μM quercetin failed to affect neuronal survival. These results demonstrate the dual nature of quercetin action in copper-related neurodegeneration. Hence, they are relevant in the context of considering quercetin as a possible therapeutic for neuroprotection and imply that detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies must be carried out for natural compounds capable of acting both as antioxidants and prooxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Zubčić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Radovanović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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29
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Fang X, Gao W, Yang Z, Gao Z, Li H. Dual Anti-/Prooxidant Behaviors of Flavonoids Pertaining to Cu(II)-Catalyzed Tyrosine Nitration of the Insulin Receptor Kinase Domain in an Antidiabetic Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6202-6211. [PMID: 32395994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid, as a potent antioxidant, exerts many beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes, whereas the prooxidative property may be also important in vivo if copper is involved. Here, we chose an insulin receptor kinase domain fragment (KK-1, residues 1126-1165), containing the A-loop of the receptor as well as three key autophosphorylation sites (Tyr1158, Tyr1162, and Tyr1163) associated with receptor signal transduction to investigate the roles and the structure-activity relationship of three antidiabetic flavonoids (kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin) and two others with a similar structure (diosmetin and genistein), on modulation of Cu(II)-mediated tyrosine nitration and the corresponding effect on its functional phosphorylation in the Cu2+/H2O2/NO2- system. We found that both properties of flavonoid played roles on inhibition of Cu(II)-mediated protein nitration in the H2O2/NO2- system: (1) on the one hand, flavonoid scavenged free radicals as antioxidants, inhibited tyrosine nitration, and thus inhibited the reduction of tyrosine phosphorylation caused by tyrosine nitration; and (2) on the other hand, flavonoid promoted •OH production as a prooxidant, which increased 3,3'-dityrosine formation. The formation of 3,3'-dityrosine decreased Cu2+-induced tyrosine nitration and thus interfered with its phosphorylation. This study confirms that the weight relationship between antioxidation and prooxidation of a flavonoid needs to be studied clearly before nutritional and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wanxia Gao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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30
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Kinetic Studies on Radical Scavenging Activity of Kaempferol Decreased by Sn(II) Binding. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081975. [PMID: 32340303 PMCID: PMC7221808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sn(II) binds to kaempferol (HKaem, 3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) at the 3,4-site forming [Sn(II)(Kaem)2] complex in ethanol. DPPH• scavenging efficiency of HKaem is dramatically decreased by SnCl2 coordination due to formation of acid inhibiting deprotonation of HKaem as ligands and thus reduces the radical scavenging activity of the complex via a sequential proton-loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanism. Moderate decreases in the radical scavenging of HKaem are observed by Sn(CH3COO)2 coordination and by contact between Sn and HKaem, in agreement with the increase in the oxidation potential of the complex compared to HKaem, leading to a decrease in antioxidant efficiency for fruits and vegetables with Sn as package materials.
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31
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Xu Y, Yang J, Lu Y, Qian LL, Yang ZY, Han RM, Zhang JP, Skibsted LH. Copper(II) Coordination and Translocation in Luteolin and Effect on Radical Scavenging. J Phys Chem B 2019; 124:380-388. [PMID: 31845805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin differs as a radical scavenger dramatically from apigenin in response to Cu(II) coordination despite a minor structural difference. Coordination of Cu(II) increases the radical scavenging efficiency of luteolin, especially at low pH, while decreases the efficiency of apigenin at both low and higher pH as studied by ABTS•+ radical scavenging. Luteolin forms a 1:1 complex with Cu(II) binding to 4-carbonyl and 5-phenol for pH <6 and to 3',4'-catechol for pH >6. Apigenin forms a 1:2 complex independent of pH coordinated to 4-carbonyl and 5-hydroxylyl. Cu(II) coordinated to luteolin, as studied by pH jump stopped-flow, translocates with rate constants of 11.1 ± 0.3 s-1 from 4,5 to 3',4' sites and 1.0 ± 0.1 s-1 from 3',4' to 4,5 sites independent of Cu(II) concentration, pointing toward the dissociation of Cu(II) from an intermediate with two Cu(II) coordination as rate determining. 3',4'-Catechol is suggested to be a switch for Cu(II) translocation with deprotonation initiating 4,5 to 3',4' translocation and protonation initiating 3',4' to 4,5 translocation. For dicoordinated apigenin, the coordination symmetry balances an electron withdrawal effect of Cu(II) resulting in a decrease of phenol acidity and less radical scavenging efficiency compared to parent apigenin. Compared to that of parent luteolin, the radical scavenging rate of both 4,5 and 3',4' Cu(II)-coordinated luteolin is enhanced through increased phenol acidity by electron withdrawal by Cu(II), as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Coordination and translocation of Cu(II) accordingly increases the antioxidant activity of luteolin at pH approaching the physiological level and is discovered as a novel class of natural molecular machinery derived from plant polyphenols, which seems to be of importance for protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Ling-Ling Qian
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Zhi-Yin Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Rui-Min Han
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30 , DK-1958 Frederiksberg , Denmark
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32
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Rjeibi I, Ben Saad A, Ncib S, Souid S, Allagui MS, Hfaiedh N. Brachychiton populneus as a novel source of bioactive ingredients with therapeutic effects: antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, anti-inflammatory properties and LC-ESI-MS profile. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:563-574. [PMID: 31792766 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Brachychiton populneus is one of the unexploited Tunisian plants, traditionally eaten as food and used for medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical components of the seeds, leaves and flowers from B. populneus using three different solvents and to explore their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Further, this study was focused on the identification of phenolic compounds from the most active extract. In vitro, all extracts showed strong antioxidant property by DPPH, ferrous ion chelating and lipid peroxidation-inhibiting assays, noticeable anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation and membrane stabilization methods and important neuroprotective effects by acetylcholinesterase inhibitory test. In vivo, B. populneus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant dose-response anti-inflammatory effects against carrageenan-induced paw edema. With respect to the phenolic profile, the leaf methanol extract presented eight phenolic acids, one flavone and four flavonoids, with salvianolic acid B (820.3 mg/kg), caffeic acid (224.03 mg/kg), syringic acid (100.2 mg/kg) and trans-ferulic acid (60.02 mg/kg) as the major compounds. The results of the current study suggested that B. populneus could be a precious source of health-benefitting biomolecules and may be developed as new antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Rjeibi
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia.
| | - Anouar Ben Saad
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ncib
- Unit of Common Services, Faculty of Sciences Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Sami Souid
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Allagui
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Hfaiedh
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
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33
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Camu-camu seed (Myrciaria dubia) - From side stream to anantioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antihemolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive ingredient. Food Chem 2019; 310:125909. [PMID: 31816536 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) seeds are discarded without recovering the bioactive compounds. The main aim of the present work was to optimise the solvent mixture to extract higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of camu-camu seeds. The optimised solvent system increased the extraction of phenolic compounds, in which vescalagin and castalagin were the main compounds. The optimised extract displayed antioxidant capacity measured by different chemical and biological assays, exerted antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against A549 and HCT8 cancer cells, antimicrobial effects, protected human erythrocytes against hemolysis, inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes and presented in vitro antihypertensive effect. Additionally, the optimized extract inhibited human LDL copper-induced oxidation in vitro and reduced the TNF-α release and NF-κB activation in macrophages cell culture. Thus, the use of camu-camu seed showed to be a sustainable way to recover bioactive compounds with in vitro functional properties.
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Jomová K, Hudecova L, Lauro P, Simunkova M, Alwasel SH, Alhazza IM, Valko M. A Switch between Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of the Phenolic Compounds Myricetin, Morin, 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone, Taxifolin and 4-Hydroxy-Coumarin in the Presence of Copper(II) Ions: A Spectroscopic, Absorption Titration and DNA Damage Study. Molecules 2019; 24:E4335. [PMID: 31783535 PMCID: PMC6930463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of polyphenols, predominantly in the context of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological conditions including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, have been documented by a number of papers and reviews. The antioxidant/prooxidant properties of phenolic compounds are related mainly to the number and positions of hydroxyl groups and to their redox metal (Cu, Fe) chelating capacity. In this work we studied structurally distinct phenolic molecules such as myricetin, morin, 3',4'-dihydroxy-flavone, taxifolin and 4-hydroxycoumarin, either alone or as interacting with Cu2+ ions. EPR and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed that the effective binding of cupric ions to phenolic compounds requires the presence of the 3-OH and 4-CO groups on the flavonoid C ring and unsaturated C2-C3 bond of the C-ring, which permits through-conjugation with the B-ring. An ABTS assay revealed that radical scavenging activities of phenolic compounds are related to their number of hydroxyl groups, planarity of the molecular skeleton, extent of delocalization and they decrease in the order: myricetin > morin > 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone ~ 4-hydroxy coumarin > taxifolin. Absorption titrations indicate that copper ions can modulate the DNA binding affinity of flavonoids via the formation of their Cu-chelates. Gel electrophoresis measurements indicated that the protective effect of the phenolic compounds decreases in the order: 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone > 4-OH coumarin > morin > taxifolin ~ myricetin. This can be explained by the fact that myricetin, taxifolin and morin form stable Cu(II) complexes capable of causing DNA damage via interaction with DNA and ROS formation via the Fenton reaction. Application of ROS scavengers revealed the formation of singlet oxygen, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their concerted synergistic effect on the DNA. The overall results suggest that the most pronounced DNA damage has been observed for flavonoids containing higher number of hydroxyl groups (including 3-OH group of the C ring), such as myricetin (six hydroxyl groups), morin and taxifolin (five hydroxyl groups) in the presence of Cu(II) ions. The proposed mechanism of action by which Cu(II) complexes of myricetin, morin and taxifolin interact with DNA predispose these substances to act as potential anticancer agents. The anticancer activity of phenolic compounds can be explained by their moderate prooxidant properties, which can boost ROS formation and kill cancer cells. Alternatively, slight prooxidant properties may activate antioxidant systems, including antioxidant enzymes and low molecular antioxidants such as glutathione and thus act as preventive anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomová
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (K.J.); (L.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Lenka Hudecova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (K.J.); (L.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (K.J.); (L.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Miriama Simunkova
- Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (I.M.A.)
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (I.M.A.)
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Boisard S, Shahali Y, Aumond M, Derbré S, Blanchard P, Dadar M, Le Ray A, Richomme P. Anti‐AGE activity of poplar‐type propolis: mechanism of action of main phenolic compounds. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Boisard
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV University of Angers 42 rue Georges Morel Beaucouzé 49070 France
| | - Youcef Shahali
- Razi Serum and Vaccine Research Institute Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj 31975/148 Iran
| | - Marie‐Christine Aumond
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV University of Angers 42 rue Georges Morel Beaucouzé 49070 France
| | - Séverine Derbré
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV University of Angers 42 rue Georges Morel Beaucouzé 49070 France
| | - Patricia Blanchard
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV University of Angers 42 rue Georges Morel Beaucouzé 49070 France
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Serum and Vaccine Research Institute Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj 31975/148 Iran
| | - Anne‐Marie Le Ray
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV University of Angers 42 rue Georges Morel Beaucouzé 49070 France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV University of Angers 42 rue Georges Morel Beaucouzé 49070 France
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36
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Chauhan P, Ghosh KS. Inhibition of copper-induced aggregation of human γD-crystallin by rutin and studies on its role in molecular level for enhancing the chaperone activity of human αA-crystallin by using multi-spectroscopic techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 218:229-236. [PMID: 31003047 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative aggregation of γ-crystallins induced by copper in aged lens increases the lens opacity and causes cataract formation. Therefore, chelation of free Cu2+ by small molecules can inhibit metal-mediated aggregation of γ-crystallin. In this work, the inhibition potency of several naturally occurring flavonoid compounds was studied against aggregation of human γD-crystallin (HGD) mediated by copper ions. Among them, rutin demonstrated ~20% inhibition of HGD aggregation induced by Cu2+ through its metal chelation ability. Not only that, the chaperone activity of lens chaperone, human αA-crystallin (HAA) was found to be enhanced in the presence of rutin. Subsequently, the molecular interactions between HAA and rutin were investigated using fluorescence and CD spectroscopy to understand the molecular basis of the chaperone activity enhancement by rutin. Quenching of HAA fluorescence by rutin with a quenching constant in the order of ~105 M-1 depicts a complexation between them. Entropy driven process of complexation between HAA and rutin suggests significant involvement of hydrophobic interactions. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between protein and ligand can occur at a distance of 2.73 nm. Synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that protein-ligand interaction does not cause any notable conformational changes in HAA. Experimental observations have been well substantiated by docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177005, India
| | - Kalyan S Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177005, India.
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Tvrdý V, Catapano MC, Rawlik T, Karlíčková J, Biedermann D, Křen V, Mladěnka P, Valentová K. Interaction of isolated silymarin flavonolignans with iron and copper. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:115-123. [PMID: 30245273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin, the standardized extract from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is composed mostly of flavonolignans and is approved in the EU for the adjuvant therapy of alcoholic liver disease. It is also used for other purported effects in miscellaneous nutraceuticals. Due to polyhydroxylated structures and low systemic bioavailability, these flavonolignans are likely to interact with transition metals in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to analyze the interactions of pure silymarin flavonolignans with copper and iron. Both competitive and non-competitive methods at various physiologically relevant pH levels ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 were tested. Only 2,3‑dehydrosilybin was found to be a potent or moderately active iron and copper chelator. Silybin A, silybin B and silychristin A were less potent or inactive chelators. Both 2,3‑dehydrosilybin enantiomers (A and B) were equally active iron and copper chelators, and the preferred stoichiometries were mainly 2:1 and 3:1 (2,3‑dehydrosilybin:metal). Additional experiments showed that silychristin was the most potent iron and copper reductant. Comparison with their structural precursors taxifolin and quercetin is included as well. Based on these results, silymarin administration most probably affects the kinetics of copper and iron in the gastrointestinal tract, however, due to the different interactions of individual components of silymarin with these transition metals, the biological effects need to be evaluated in the future in a much more complex study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Carmen Catapano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Rawlik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-003 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Biedermann
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Fidelis M, Santos JS, Escher GB, Vieira do Carmo M, Azevedo L, Cristina da Silva M, Putnik P, Granato D. In vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive compounds from camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia McVaugh, Myrtaceae) seed coat: A multivariate structure-activity study. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:479-490. [PMID: 30055315 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) pulp, seeds, and skin are widely known because of their nutritional properties. However, the seed coat has never been studied as a source of bioactive compounds. Herein, we characterized the phenolic composition, the antioxidant activity, and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) of three different extracts (water, propanone, and ethanol) from this residue and assessed the structure-activity using bivariate and multivariate statistical approaches. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography while the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibition of lipid peroxidation using egg yolk and Wistar rat brain, scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical, Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCRC), and the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by the extracts were also analyzed. t-Resveratrol was found in camu-camu seed coat for the first time. The aqueous extract had the highest total phenolic content, FRAP, DPPH•, FCRC, and inhibition of lipid oxidation using both chemical and biological assays, while the propanone extract showed the opposite behavior but it presented higher in vitro antihypertensive activity. The ethanolic extract exhibited intermediate values for the responses. The association between chemical composition and the functional properties of the camu-camu seed coat extracts were revealed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fidelis
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Jânio Sousa Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Graziela Bragueto Escher
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vieira do Carmo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina da Silva
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology from Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Granato
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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Fernandes C, Pinto M, Martins C, Gomes MJ, Sarmento B, Oliveira PJ, Remião F, Borges F. Development of a PEGylated-Based Platform for Efficient Delivery of Dietary Antioxidants Across the Blood–Brain Barrier. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1677-1689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinto
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | | | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Łodyga-Chruscińska E, Pilo M, Zucca A, Garribba E, Klewicka E, Rowińska-Żyrek M, Symonowicz M, Chrusciński L, Cheshchevik VT. Physicochemical, antioxidant, DNA cleaving properties and antimicrobial activity of fisetin-copper chelates. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 180:101-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Protective Mechanism of the Antioxidant Baicalein toward Hydroxyl Radical-Treated Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010223. [PMID: 29361712 PMCID: PMC6017293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study explores the antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of baicalein and further discusses the possible mechanisms. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay revealed that baicalein could considerably enhance the viability of hydroxyl radical-treated bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) at 37-370 µM. The highest viability rate was 120.4%. In subsequent studies, baicalein was observed to effectively scavenge hydroxyl radical and PTIO• radicals, reducing Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions. In the Fe2+-chelating UV-vis spectra, mixing of baicalein with Fe2+ yielded two evident redshifts (275 → 279 nm and 324 → 352 nm) and a broad absorption peak (λmax ≈ 650 nm, ε = 1.6 × 10³ L mol-1·cm-1). Finally, we compared the Fe2+-chelating UV-vis spectra of baicalein and its analogues, including 5-hydroxyflavone, 6-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, catechol, pyrogallol, and chrysin. This analysis revealed that the 4-keto group of the C-ring played a role. The 5,6,7-trihydroxy-group (pyrogallol group) in the A-ring served as an auxochrome, enhancing the absorbance of the UV-vis spectra and deepening the color of the Fe2+-complex. We concluded that baicalein, as an effective hydroxyl radical-scavenger, can protect bmMSCs from hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative stress. Its hydroxyl radical-scavenging effects are likely exerted via two pathways: direct scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, possibly through electron transfer, and indirect inhibition of hydroxyl radical generation via Fe2+ chelation through the 4-keto-5,6,7-trihydroxy groups.
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The Stoichiometry of Isoquercitrin Complex with Iron or Copper Is Highly Dependent on Experimental Conditions. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111193. [PMID: 29084179 PMCID: PMC5707665 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of flavonoids with transition metals can be partially responsible for their impact on humans. Stoichiometry of the iron/copper complex with a flavonoid glycoside isoquercitrin, a frequent component of food supplements, was assessed using competitive and non-competitive methods in four (patho)physiologically-relevant pH values (4.5. 5.5, 6.8, and 7.5). Isoquercitrin chelated all tested ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Cu+) but its affinity for Cu+ ions proved to be very low. In general, the chelation potency dropped with pH lowering. Metal complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry were mostly formed, however, they were not stable and the stoichiometry changed depending on conditions. Isoquercitrin was able to reduce both Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions at low ratios, but its reducing potential was diminished at higher ratios (isoquercitrin to metal) due to the metal chelation. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need of using multiple different methods for the assessment of chelation potential in moderately-active metal chelators, like flavonoids.
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Nicorescu V, Stefan G. Plant Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents for Shelf-Life Extension of Meat and Meat Products: Classification, Structures, Sources, and Action Mechanisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1243-1268. [PMID: 33371586 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative processes and meat spoilage bacteria are major contributors to decreasing the shelf-life of meat and meat products. Oxidative processes occur during processing, storage, and light exposure, lowering the nutritional and sensory value and acceptability of meat and generating toxic compounds for humans. Polyphenols inhibit oxidative processes in 3 ways: as reactive species scavengers, lipoxygenase inhibitors, and reducing agents for metmyoglobin. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antioxidants for meat and meat products. The cross-contamination of meat with spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms can occur in production lines and result in economic losses. The ability of polyphenols to interact with bacterial cell wall components and the bacterial cell membrane can prevent and control biofilm formation, as well as inhibit microbial enzymes, interfere in protein regulation, and deprive bacterial cell enzymes of substrates and metal ions. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antimicrobial agents for use with meat and meat products. Commercially available polyphenols can decrease primary and secondary lipid peroxidation levels, inhibit lipoxygenase activity, improve meat color stability, minimize the degradation of salt-soluble myofibrillar protein and sulfhydryl groups, and retard bacterial growth. Further studies are now needed to clarify the synergistic/antagonistic action of various polyphenols, and to identify the best polyphenol classes, concentrations, and conditions of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Nicorescu
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Stefan
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
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Samsonowicz M, Regulska E, Kalinowska M. Hydroxyflavone metal complexes - molecular structure, antioxidant activity and biological effects. Chem Biol Interact 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Dai F, Yan WJ, Du YT, Bao XZ, Li XZ, Zhou B. Structural basis, chemical driving forces and biological implications of flavones as Cu(II) ionophores. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:554-563. [PMID: 28431962 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A main biochemical property of cancer cells, compared with normal cells, is altered redox status including increased levels of copper to maintain their malignant phenotypes. Thus, increasing copper accumulation, by using ionophores, to disrupt abnormal redox homeostasis of cancer cells may be an important anticancer strategy. Naturally occurring molecules with extraordinarily diverse chemical scaffolds are an important source of inspiration for developing copper ionophores. Dietary flavonoids are well-characterized copper chelators and show cancer chemopreventive potential, but their ionophoric role for redox-active copper and the related biological implications have remained unknown. This study reports, for the first time, the structural basis, chemical driving forces and biological implications of flavones (a widely distributed subgroup of flavonoids) as Cu(II) ionophores, and also provides new insights into cancer chemopreventive mechanism of flavones bearing 3(or 5)-hydroxy-4-keto group. 3-Hydroxyflavone surfaced as a potent Cu(II) ionophore to induce the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of cancer cells in a redox intervention fashion via sequential proton-loss Cu(II) chelation, GSH-driving releasing of copper and protonation-dependent efflux of the neutral ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yu-Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xia-Zhen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiu-Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Shubina VS, Kozina VI, Shatalin YV. Effect of complex formation by taxifolin and naringenin with Cu(i) ions on the distribution of the components of complexes in the octanol–water system. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC Exhibits an Anti-Adipogenic Effect by Inhibiting the Expression of Proteins Involved in Adipocyte Differentiation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060972. [PMID: 28604636 PMCID: PMC6152623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC (gorse) is a plant popularly used for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we prepared three B. trimera extracts aqueous extract (AE), decoction (AE-D), and methanol extract (ME) and investigated their antioxidant effects in six different tests and their anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 cells. The extracts showed a dose-dependent antioxidant activity in all tests. AE was the most potent antioxidant in copper and ferric ion chelation assays, whereas AE-D was the most potent in superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, reducing power assay, and total antioxidant capacity analysis. Only ME showed a cytotoxic effect against 3T3-L1 cells. Lipid accumulation decreased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence of AE and AE-D extracts (0.5 to 1.0 mg/mL). In addition, the extracts dramatically attenuated the levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors, including CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and gamma receptors by peroxisome proliferators (PPARγ), during adipogenesis. AE-D (1.0 mg/mL) caused an approximately 90% reduction in the levels of these molecules. We propose that B. trimera has an anti-adipogenic effect and could be used in the development of functional foods.
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Shubina VS, Shatalin YV. Antioxidant and iron-chelating properties of taxifolin and its condensation product with glyoxylic acid. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:1467-1475. [PMID: 28559605 PMCID: PMC5430177 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The condensation of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid was examined, and the properties of the resulting product were compared with those of taxifolin. The structure of the product was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The ability of the polyphenols to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. The iron-chelating and iron-reducing activities were studied using absorption spectrophotometry. It was shown that the condensation leads to the formation of a dimer consisting of two taxifolin units linked through a carboxymethine bridge at the C-6 and C-8 positions of the A ring. The dimer exhibited a somewhat higher ROS scavenging activity than taxifolin. The iron-binding capacity of the compounds was proportional to the number of polyphenol units. The iron-reducing ability of the dimer was lower than that of taxifolin. Thus, the dimer possessed a higher antioxidant activity than the parent flavonoid. The data obtained may be useful for a better understanding of processes occurring in foods and beverages and in a search for new active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Shubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia 142290
| | - Yuri V. Shatalin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia 142290
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Wang Y, Zhong H, Yu HT. Theoretical investigation of the fragmentation mechanism of singly positively charged 5-methoxyflavone. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Samsonowicz M, Regulska E. Spectroscopic study of molecular structure, antioxidant activity and biological effects of metal hydroxyflavonol complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:757-771. [PMID: 27792987 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols with varied hydroxyl substitution can act as strong antioxidants. Thanks to their ability to chelate metals as well as to donate hydrogen atoms they have capacity to scavenge free radicals. Their metal complexes are often more active in comparison with free ligands. They exhibit interesting biological properties, e.g. anticancer, antiphlogistic and antibacterial. The relationship between molecular structure and their biological properties was intensively studied using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, ESI-MS). The aim of this paper is review on spectroscopic analyses of molecular structure and biological activity of hydroxyflavonol metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Samsonowicz
- Bialystok University of Technology, Division of Chemistry, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Regulska
- Bialystok University of Technology, Division of Chemistry, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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