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Ring Opening Polymerization Used for the Production of VOC Free High-Performance Ecofriendly Novel PBZ/PDA/CeO2 Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061416. [PMID: 36987197 PMCID: PMC10057122 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the fabrication and characterization of polybenzoxazine/polydopamine/ceria as tertiary nanocomposites. To this end, a new benzoxazine monomer (MBZ) was fabricated based on the well-known Mannich reaction of naphthalene-1-amine, 2-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol and formaldehyde under ultrasonic-assisted process. Polydopamine (PDA) was used as dispersing polymer nanoparticles and surface modifier for CeO2 by in-situ polymerization of dopamine with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. Then, nanocomposites (NC)s were manufactured by in-situ route under thermal conditions. The FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectra confirmed the preparation of the designed MBZ monomer. The FE-SEM and TEM results showed the morphological aspects of prepared NCs and illustrated the distribution of CeO2 NPs in the polymer matrix. The XRD patterns of NCs showed the presence of crystalline phases of nanoscale CeO2 in an amorphous matrix. The TGA results reveal that the prepared NCs are classified as thermally stable materials.
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K MM, Arumugam H, Krishnasamy B, Muthukaruppan A. Sesamol-based polybenzoxazines for ultra-low- k, high- k and hydrophobic coating applications. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj00531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol-based polybenzoxazines, their dielectric behavior, and superhydrophobic properties for microelectronic insulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mydeen K
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hariharan Arumugam
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Krishnasamy
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alagar Muthukaruppan
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641 062, Tamil Nadu, India
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Selvaraj K, Arumugam H, Muthukaruppan A, Kannaiyan SK, Krishnan S, Peethambaram P, Magaraphan R, Kannaiyan D. Supercapacitor and high k properties of CNT-PbS reinforced quinoxaline amine based polybenzoxazine composites. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8779-8791. [PMID: 36350261 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The new 2,3-diphenylquinoxalin-6-amine (dpqa) was designed and synthesized through an efficient and high yield condensation process. Data from FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy have been adopted to ascertain the molecular structure of benzoxazine compounds. Furthermore, the quinoxaline amine based benzoxazine (BA-dpqa) was synthesized using bisphenol-A and paraformaldehyde followed by combining different weight percentages (1, 5 and 10 wt%) of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane functionalized CNT-PbS with benzoxazine to obtain nanocomposites. The thermal and morphological properties of the quinoxaline amine based neat polybenzoxazine matrix poly(BA-dpqa) and CNT-PbS/poly(BA-dpqa) composites were analysed by XRD, TGA and SEM analysis. The values of the degradation temperature (Td) obtained for neat poly(BA-dpqa) and 10 wt% CNT-PbS/poly(BA-dpqa) composites are 414 °C and 424 °C. Furthermore, the chair yield percentage was calculated as 33% and 35% respectively. The water contact angle of polybenzoxazine gradually increased from 89° to 127° proportional to the content of CNT-PbS. Among the composites, 10 wt% CNT-PbS reinforced poly(BA-dpqa) nanocomposites possess higher dielectric constant (k = 11.0) than other composites. The pseudocapacitor nature of the prepared electrodes is demonstrated by the good electrochemical performance according to the CV curve. Also, the prepared 10 wt% CNT-PbS/poly(BA-dpqa) (637 F g-1 at 5 A g-1 and 11.8 Ω) electrode shows better capacitance and lower charge transfer resistance values than 5 wt% CNT-PbS/poly(BA-dpqa) (613 F g-1 at 5 A g-1 and 13.2 Ω) and neat poly(BA-dpqa) (105 F g-1 at 5 A g-1 and 15.6 Ω) according to the charge/discharge curves and EIS spectra. 10 wt% CNT-PbS/poly(BA-dpqa) shows 99.2% cycling efficiency even at the 2000th cycle, which indicates the good electrochemical performance of the prepared electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115, India.
- Polymer Processing and Polymer Nanomaterials Research Unit, Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hariharan Arumugam
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641 062, India
| | - Alagar Muthukaruppan
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641 062, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Kannaiyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | | | | | - Rathanawan Magaraphan
- Polymer Processing and Polymer Nanomaterials Research Unit, Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Lochab B, Monisha M, Amarnath N, Sharma P, Mukherjee S, Ishida H. Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1260. [PMID: 33924552 PMCID: PMC8069336 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimlesh Lochab
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Monisha Monisha
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Nagarjuna Amarnath
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Sourav Mukherjee
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441067202, USA
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Thirukumaran P, Atchudan R, Shakila Parveen A, Lee YR, Kim SC. The synthesis of mechanically stable polybenzoxazine-based porous carbon and its application as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01570b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen self-doped mesoporous carbon is synthesized from a novel polybenzoxazine and used as an electrode for supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Cao J, Zhou Z, Liu R, Yuan Y, Liu X. Stiff Self-Healing Coating Based on UV-Curable Polyurethane with a "Hard Core, Flexible Arm" Structure. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11128-11135. [PMID: 31459221 PMCID: PMC6645589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two series of ultraviolet (UV)-cured self-healing polyurethane (PU) oligomers were synthesized through a prepolymer process from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), polycarbonate diol (PCDL) of varying molecular weight (500, 1000, and 2000 Da), and chemically modified cyclotriphosphazene as hard cores were introduced. The synthesized oligomers contained rigid aromatic rings as "hard cores" and long fatty chains as "flexible arms". Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the structures of the oligomers. In addition, the UV-cured self-healing PU coatings were prepared by designing some coating formulations with the PU oligomers. The self-healing properties and mechanical properties of the UV-cured coatings were investigated. The results revealed that the coatings had self-healing properties based on hydrogen bonds. As the molecular weight of PCDL decreased, the coatings exhibited increased hardness, tensile strength, and glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the coatings exhibited excellent thermostability. The results proved the application prospects of the self-healing coatings with high repair efficiency and excellent mechanical properties.
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Zhang M, Chen M, Reddeppa N, Xu D, Jing Q, Zha R. Nitrogen self-doped carbon aerogels derived from trifunctional benzoxazine monomers as ultralight supercapacitor electrodes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6549-6557. [PMID: 29577146 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00207j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultralight benzoxazine-derived porous nitrogen self-doped carbon aerogels with good yield can be prepared by direct polymerization of trifunctional benzoxazine monomers under acid catalysis using concentrated hydrochloric acid. This allows for a significantly widened density range (0.8-4.5 mg cm-3) and avoids any sacrificial etching. When serving as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the resulting hierarchical porous carbon aerogels show ultrahigh specific capacitance, excellent rate performance and good cycling stability (retention of 97.3% even after 10 000 continuous charge-discharge cycles). Besides energy storage devices, the interconnected nanoporous carbon aerogels can also find applications in oil/water separation, heavy metal removal, catalyst supports, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China.
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Ma HX, Zhao C, Qiu JJ, Liu Y, Liu CM. Synthesis of branched benzoxazine monomers with high molecular mass, wide processing window, and properties of corresponding polybenzoxazines. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Formal Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering; Wuhan 430415 China
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Formal Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jin-Jun Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Formal Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; Wuhan 434023 China
| | - Cheng-Mei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Formal Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
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Li S, Yan S. Synthesis and characterization of novel biobased benzoxazines from cardbisphenol and the properties of their polymers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two types of novel biobased benzoxazine monomers (named as CBB and CBF, respectively) from cardbisphenol were synthesized by a solventless method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei Polytechnic University
- Huangshi 435003
- PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation
| | - Shilin Yan
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Whuhan 430070
- PR China
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