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Zhang J, Yuan S, Beng S, Luo W, Wang X, Wang L, Peng C. Recent Advances in Molecular Imprinting for Proteins on Magnetic Microspheres. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:286-306. [PMID: 38178676 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037277894231208065403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The separation of proteins in biological samples plays an essential role in the development of disease detection, drug discovery, and biological analysis. Protein imprinted polymers (PIPs) serve as a tool to capture target proteins specifically and selectively from complex media for separation purposes. Whereas conventional molecularly imprinted polymer is time-consuming in terms of incubation studies and solvent removal, magnetic particles are introduced using their magnetic properties for sedimentation and separation, resulting in saving extraction and centrifugation steps. Magnetic protein imprinted polymers (MPIPs), which combine molecularly imprinting materials with magnetic properties, have emerged as a new area of research hotspot. This review provides an overview of MPIPs for proteins, including synthesis, preparation strategies, and applications. Moreover, it also looks forward to the future directions for research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shujie Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shujuan Beng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wenhui Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, China
- Institute of TCM Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
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Zhao W, Hu J, Liu J, Li X, Sun S, Luan X, Zhao Y, Wei S, Li M, Zhang Q, Huang C. Si nanowire Bio-FET for electrical and label-free detection of cancer cell-derived exosomes. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:57. [PMID: 35655901 PMCID: PMC9151647 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are highly important in clinical diagnosis due to their high homology with their parental cells. However, conventional exosome detection methods still face the challenges of expensive equipment, low sensitivity, and complex procedures. Field effect transistors (FETs) are not only the most essential electronic component in the modern microelectronics industry but also show great potential for biomolecule detection owing to the advantages of rapid response, high sensitivity, and label-free detection. In this study, we proposed a Si nanowire field-effect transistor (Si-NW Bio-FET) device chemically modified with specific antibodies for the electrical and label-free detection of exosomes. The Si-NW FETs were fabricated by standard microelectronic processes with 45 nm width nanowires and packaged in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel. The nanowires were further modified with the specific CD63 antibody to form a Si-NW Bio-FET. The use of the developed Si-NW Bio-FET for the electrical and label-free detection of exosomes was successfully demonstrated with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2159 particles/mL. In contrast to other technologies, in this study, Si-NW Bio-FET provides a unique strategy for directly quantifying and real-time detecting exosomes without labeling, indicating its potential as a tool for the early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Wei
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
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Zhao W, Zhang L, Ye Y, Li Y, Luan X, Liu J, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Li M, Huang C. Microsphere mediated exosome isolation and ultra-sensitive detection on a dielectrophoresis integrated microfluidic device. Analyst 2021; 146:5962-5972. [PMID: 34494041 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes have been recognized as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis because they are actively involved in cancer progression and metastasis. However, progress in practical exosome analysis is still slow due to the limitation in exosome isolation and detection. The development of microfluidic devices has provided a promising analytical platform compared with traditional methods. In this study, we develop an exosome isolation and detection method based on a microfluidic device (ExoDEP-chip), which realized microsphere mediated dielectrophoretic isolation and immunoaffinity detection. Exosomes were firstly isolated by binding to antibodies pre-immobilized on the polystyrene (PS) microsphere surface and were further detected using fluorescently labeled antibodies by fluorescence microscopy. Single microspheres were then trapped into single microwells under the DEP force in the ExoDEP-chip. A wide range from 1.4 × 103 to 1.4 × 108 exosomes per mL with a detection limit of 193 exosomes per mL was obtained. Through monitoring five proteins (CD81, CEA, EpCAM, CD147, and AFP) of exosomes from three different cell lines (A549, HEK293, and HepG2), a significant difference in marker expression levels was observed in different cell lines. Therefore, this method has good prospects in exosome-based tumor marker detection and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifei Ye
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuang Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Cheng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Recent advances on core–shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for biomacromolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Boitard C, Bée A, Ménager C, Griffete N. Magnetic protein imprinted polymers: a review. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1563-1580. [PMID: 32254273 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein imprinted polymers have received a lot of interest in the past few years because of their applications as tailor-made receptors for biomacromolecules. Generally, the preparation of these polymers requires numerous and time-consuming steps. But their coupling with magnetic nanoparticles simplifies and speeds up the synthesis of these materials. Some recent papers describe the use of protein imprinted polymer (PIP) coupled to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) for the design of MION@PIP biosensors. With such systems, a target protein can be specifically and selectively captured from complex media due to exceptional chemical properties of the polymer. Despite such performances, only a limited number of studies address these hybrid nanosystems. This review focuses on the chemistry and preparation of MION@PIP nanocomposites as well as on the metrics used to characterize their performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Boitard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8234, PHENIX Laboratory, Case 51, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
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Karfa P, Madhuri R, Sharma PK. A battle between spherical and cube-shaped Ag/AgCl nanoparticle modified imprinted polymer to achieve femtogram detection of alpha-feto protein. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5534-5547. [PMID: 32263351 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a sensitive and selective molecularly imprinted polymer modified electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarker, alpha feto protein (AFP) on the surface of specifically designed Ag/AgCl nanoparticles. Herein, for the first time, the effect of the shape of nanoparticles on the behavior of an imprinted polymer was studied using cube- and spherical-shaped Ag/AgCl nanoparticles. It was found that cube-shaped nanoparticles have high surface to volume ratios and higher electrocatalytic activity, and are, therefore, a suitable platform for the synthesis of imprinted polymers. Herein, we have demonstrated how a change in the morphology of the nanomaterials can affect the electrochemical and adsorption properties of an imprinted polymer towards the target analyte (here, AFP). A cube-shaped nanoparticle@imprinted polymer was used for the fabrication of the electrochemical sensor, the analytical performance of which was shown, by a square wave stripping voltammetric technique, to be good for the detection of AFP. The current response of the electrochemical sensor was linear for AFP concentrations in the range from 0.10 to 700.0 pg mL-1, with an ultra trace detection limit of 24.6 fg mL-1. This sensor offers high selectivity, sensitivity, simplicity and clinical applicability for AFP determination in human blood serum, plasma, and urine, without using antibodies or any biological components, this has not been reported for previously reported systems. The proposed sensor has the potential to be used as an alternative to the commercially available, costly, sophisticated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for AFP determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Karfa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826 004, India.
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RETRACTED: A fluorescent molecularly-imprinted polymer gate with temperature and pH as inputs for detection of alpha-fetoprotein. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:454-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lee MH, Thomas JL, Chang YC, Tsai YS, Liu BD, Lin HY. Electrochemical sensing of nuclear matrix protein 22 in urine with molecularly imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) coated zinc oxide nanorod arrays for clinical studies of bladder cancer diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:789-95. [PMID: 26774095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 1996 and 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) as a monitoring tool for predicting the recurrence/clearing of bladder cancer, and for screening undiagnosed individuals who have symptoms of, or are at risk for, that disease. The fabrication of electrodes for sensing NMP22 and their integration with a portable potentiostat in a homecare system may have great value. This work describes a sensing element comprised of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the specific recognition of NMP22 target molecules. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (214 ± 45 nm in diameter and 1.08 ± 0.11 μm long) were hydrothermally grown on the sensing electrodes to increase the surface area to be coated with MIPs. A portable potentiostat was assembled and a data acquisition (DAQ) card and the Labview program were utilized to monitor electrochemical reaction to sense NMP22 in urine samples. Finally, in phase 0 clinical trials, measurements were made of samples from a few patients with bladder cancer using the NMP22 MIP-coated ZnO nanorods electrodes that were integrated into a portable potentiostat, revealing NMP 22 concentrations in the range 128 ± 19 to 588 ± 53 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - James L Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Da Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan.
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Hsu CY, Lee MH, Thomas JL, Shih CP, Hung TL, Whang TJ, Lin HY. Optical sensing of phenylalanine in urine via extraction with magnetic molecularly imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:305502. [PMID: 26159185 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/30/305502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles into molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is useful for both bioseparations and for concentration and sensing of biomedically relevant target molecules in physiological fluids, through the application of a magnetic field. In this study, we combined the separation and concentration of a target (phenylalanine) in urine, using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric composite nanoparticles, with optical sensing, to improve assay sensitivity. This target is important as a catecholamine precursor, and as an important amino acid constituent of proteins. Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)s were imprinted with target molecules, and showed a high imprinting effectiveness (target binding compared with binding to non-imprinted polymer particles.) Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to measure binding of the target, and also binding of possible interfering compounds. These measurements suggest that functional groups on phenylalanine dominate the selectivity of the synthesized MIPs. Finally, the composite nanoparticles were used to separate and sense the target molecule in urine by Raman scattering microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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