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Poderyte M, Ramanavicius A, Valiūnienė A. Exploring the Living Cell: Applications and Advances of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38557222 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2328135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A living cell is a complex network of molecular, biochemical and physiological processes. Cellular activities, such as ion transport, metabolic processes, and cell-cell interactions can be determined electrochemically by detecting the electrons or ions exchanged in these processes. Electrochemical methods often are noninvasive, and they can enable the real-time monitoring of cellular processes. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an advanced scanning probe electroanalysis technique that can map the surface topography and local reactivity of a substrate with high precision at the micro- or nanoscale. By measuring electrochemical signals, such as redox reactions, ion fluxes, and pH changes, SECM can provide valuable insights into cellular activity. As a result of its compatibility with liquid medium measurements and its nondestructive nature, SECM has gained popularity in living cell research. This review aims to furnish an overview of SECM, elucidating its principles, applications, and its potential to contribute significantly to advancements in cell biology, electroporation, and biosensors. As a multidisciplinary tool, SECM is distinguished by its ability to unravel the intricacies of living cells and offers promising avenues for breakthroughs in our understanding of cellular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Poderyte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Centre of Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Valiūnienė
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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2
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Santana Santos C, Jaato BN, Sanjuán I, Schuhmann W, Andronescu C. Operando Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy during Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4972-5019. [PMID: 36972701 PMCID: PMC10168669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques can disclose the local electrochemical reactivity of interfaces in single-entity and sub-entity studies. Operando SEPM measurements consist of using a SEPM tip to investigate the performance of electrocatalysts, while the reactivity of the interface is simultaneously modulated. This powerful combination can correlate electrochemical activity with changes in surface properties, e.g., topography and structure, as well as provide insight into reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review is to reveal the recent progress in local SEPM measurements of the catalytic activity of a surface toward the reduction and evolution of O2 and H2 and electrochemical conversion of CO2. The capabilities of SEPMs are showcased, and the possibility of coupling other techniques to SEPMs is presented. Emphasis is given to scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bright Nsolebna Jaato
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Sanjuán
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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Lv Z, Chen Z, Yu Q, Zhu W, You H, Chen B, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Hu Q. Micro-area investigation on electrochemical performance improvement with Co and Mn doping in PbO 2 electrode materials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28949-28960. [PMID: 35478565 PMCID: PMC9038181 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PbO2-Co3O4-MnO2 electrodes, used in the electrowinning industry and in the degradation of organic pollutants, have demonstrated an elevated performance through macroscopic electrochemical measurements. However, few reports have investigated localized electrochemical performance, which plays an indispensable role in determining the essential reasons for the improvement of the modified material. In this study, the causes of the increase in electrochemical reactivity are unveiled from a micro perspective through scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microscopy (Raman), and X-ray photoelectronic energy spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the increase of electrochemical reactivity of the modified electrodes results from two factors: transformation of the microstructure and change in the intrinsic physicochemical properties. Constant-height scanning maps indicate that the electrochemical reactivity of the modified electrodes is higher than that of the PbO2 electrode on the whole and high-reactivity areas are orderly distributed, coinciding with the observations from SEM and XRD. Thus, one of the reasons for the improvement of the modified electrode performance is the refinement of the microscopic morphology. The other reason is the surge of the oxygen vacancy concentration on the surface of the coating, which is supported by XRD, Raman and XPS. This finding is detected by the probe approach curve (PAC), which can quantitatively characterize the electrochemical reactivity of a substrate. Heterogeneous charge transfer rate constants of the modified electrode are 4-5 times higher than that of the traditional PbO2 electrode. This research offers some insight into the electrochemical reactivity of modified PbO2 electrodes from a micro perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Lv
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Hongjun You
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Bangyao Chen
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Zhaoyi Zheng
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Qi Hu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
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Wert S, Iken H, Schöning MJ, Matysik F. Development of a Temperature‐pulse Enhanced Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor and Characterization of its Stability via Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Heiko Iken
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) FH Aachen, Campus Jülich Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) FH Aachen, Campus Jülich Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Frank‐Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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Yazdanparast S, Benvidi A, Abbasi S, Sabbagh SK. Monitoring the mechanism of anti-cancer agents to inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation: Enzymatic biosensing of glucose combined with molecular docking. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109804. [PMID: 34116755 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, a major energy source in cellular metabolism, has a significant role in cell growth. The increase in glucose uptake is a distinguishing hallmark in cancer cells. A key step in glucose utilization is the transport of glucose to the cancer cells for supplying their additional energy. The glucose transporter (or GLUT) family is a membrane protein which facilitates the uptake of glucose in most cancer cell types. Given the increased glucose level in cancer cells and the regulatory role of GLUTs in glucose uptake, it is required to combine both experimental and theoretical studies to develop new methods to monitor cell proliferation. Herein, for the first time, a new strategy was proposed to evaluate the cell proliferation of HT-29 based on glucose consumption in the presence of resveratrol (RSV) as an anticancer agent. A hybrid nanocomposite of carbon nanofibers and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots was used to design an enzymatic sensor for the selective and sensitive determination of glucose in cancer cells. The results obtained from the voltammetric technique were compared with the conventional colorimetric assay. A good correlation was observed between the proliferation rate and glucose utilization by cancer cells. As it was observed, RSV induces a decrease in glucose consumption, indicating lower glucose uptake efficiency for HT-29 cells. Molecular docking studies reveal that RSV can block the interaction of glucose with the GLUT family. This is one of the possible mechanisms for the decrease of glucose level followed by the reduction of cell proliferation in the presence of RSV. Compared with traditional methods, in vitro electrochemical techniques benefit from simple, nontoxic, sensitive and low-cost detection assays and hence serve as a novel tool to pursue the growth inhibition of cancer cell in response to anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Yazdanparast
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
| | - Ali Benvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran.
| | - Saleheh Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
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Raith T, Kröninger A, Mickert MJ, Gorris HH, Matysik FM. Enhanced resolution of generator-collector studies of enzymatic structures by means of hydrodynamic scanning electrochemical microscopy. Talanta 2020; 214:120844. [PMID: 32278425 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this report, the effects of forced convection on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) studies of enzymes in the context of the generator-collector mode (G/C mode) were investigated. Forced convection was generated via an electrical high precision stirrer integrated into the electrochemical cell. Circular spots of glucose oxidase were immobilized on a gold support serving as model substrate. The diffusion layer of enzymatically generated H2O2 was characterized recording probe scan curves (PSCs) in z-direction. Furthermore, the enzyme-modified surfaces were investigated via constant-height SECM imaging in feedback mode and in G/C mode. For methodical comparison all sets of experiments were performed in quiescent solution (conventional approach) and with forced convection, respectively. In contrast to a growing diffusion layer without forced convection by applying forced convection, a constant diffusion layer of produced H2O2 was observed. Hence, via hydrodynamic SECM time-independent images within a reasonable time scale of SECM measurements in G/C mode were enabled and their resolution was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Raith
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kröninger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Zigah D, Lojou E, Poulpiquet A. Micro‐ and Nanoscopic Imaging of Enzymatic Electrodes: A Review. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dodzi Zigah
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSBordeaux INP ISM UMR 5255 33400 Talence France
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRSBIP, UMR 7281 31 Chemin Aiguier 13009 Marseille France
| | - Anne Poulpiquet
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRSBIP, UMR 7281 31 Chemin Aiguier 13009 Marseille France
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Čiegis R, Katauskis P, Skakauskas V. Modelling competition of the enzyme-catalysed glucose oxidation and redox reactions in scanning electrochemical microscopy. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Scanning electrochemical microscopy in the development of enzymatic sensors and immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111411. [PMID: 31228730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is very useful, non-invasive tool for the analysis of surfaces pre-modified with biomolecules or by whole cells. This review focuses on the application of SECM technique for the analysis of surfaces pre-modified with enzymes (horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose oxidase) or labelled with antibody-enzyme conjugates. The working principles and operating modes of SECM are outlined. The applicability of feedback, generation-collection and redox competition modes of SECM on surfaces modified by enzymes or labelled with antibody-enzyme conjugates is discussed. SECM is important in the development of miniaturized bioanalytical systems with enzymes, since it can provide information about the local enzyme activity. Technical challenges and advantages of SECM, experimental parameters, used enzymes and redox mediators, immunoassay formats and analytical parameters of enzymatic SECM sensors and immunosensors are reviewed.
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Huang L, Li Z, Lou Y, Cao F, Zhang D, Li X. Recent Advances in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Biological Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1389. [PMID: 30096895 PMCID: PMC6119995 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a chemical microscopy technique with high spatial resolution for imaging sample topography and mapping specific chemical species in liquid environments. With the development of smaller, more sensitive ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) and more precise computer-controlled measurements, SECM has been widely used to study biological systems over the past three decades. Recent methodological breakthroughs have popularized SECM as a tool for investigating molecular-level chemical reactions. The most common applications include monitoring and analyzing the biological processes associated with enzymatic activity and DNA, and the physiological activity of living cells and other microorganisms. The present article first introduces the basic principles of SECM, followed by an updated review of the applications of SECM in biological studies on enzymes, DNA, proteins, and living cells. Particularly, the potential of SECM for investigating bacterial and biofilm activities is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ziyu Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuntian Lou
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fahe Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene I, Ramanaviciene A, Genys P, Ramanavicius A. Evaluation of Enzymatic Kinetics of GOx-based Electrodes by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy at Redox Competition Mode. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene
- Vilnius University; Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Department of Physical Chemistry; Vilnius Lithuania
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University; Department of Mechatronics and Robotics; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- Vilnius University; Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Povilas Genys
- Vilnius University; Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Department of Physical Chemistry; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Vilnius University; Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Department of Physical Chemistry; Vilnius Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology; Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology; Vilnius Lithuania
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12
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Scanning electrochemical microscopy based evaluation of influence of pH on bioelectrochemical activity of yeast cells − Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ivanauskas F, Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene I, Astrauskas R, Ramanavicius A. Modelling of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy at Redox Competition Mode Using Diffusion and Reaction Equations. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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