1
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de Giovanetti M, Hopen Eliasson SH, Castro AC, Eisenstein O, Cascella M. Morphological Plasticity of LiCl Clusters Interacting with Grignard Reagent in Tetrahydrofuran. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37471267 PMCID: PMC10401704 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to explore tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions containing pure LiCl and LiCl with CH3MgCl, as model constituents of the turbo Grignard reagent. LiCl aggregates as Li4Cl4, which preferentially assumes compact cubane-like conformations. In particular, an open-edge pseudotetrahedral frame is promoted by solvent-assisted Li-Cl bond cleavage. Among the Grignard species involved in the Schlenk equilibrium, LiCl prefers to coordinate MgCl2 through μ2-Cl bridges. Using a 1:1 Li:Mg ratio, the plastic tetranuclear LiCl cluster decomposes to a highly solvated mixed LiCl·MgCl2 aggregate with prevalent Li-(μ2-Cl)2-Mg rings and linear LiCl entities. The MgCl2-assisted disaggregation of Li4Cl4 occurs through transient structures analogous to those detected for pure LiCl in THF, also corresponding to moieties observed in the solid state. This study identifies a synergistic role of LiCl for the determination of the compounds present in turbo Grignard solutions. LiCl shifts the Schlenk equilibrium promoting a higher concentration of dialkylmagnesium, while decomposing into smaller, more soluble, mixed Li:Mg:Cl clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella de Giovanetti
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sondre H Hopen Eliasson
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Abril C Castro
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Michele Cascella
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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2
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Tortajada A, Bole LJ, Mu M, Stanford M, Peñas-Defrutos MN, García-Melchor M, Hevia E. Sodium mediated deprotonative borylation of arenes using sterically demanding B(CH 2SiMe 3) 3: unlocking polybasic behaviour and competing lateral borane sodiation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6538-6545. [PMID: 37350840 PMCID: PMC10283504 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01705b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The deprotonative metalation of organic molecules has become a convenient route to prepare functionalised aromatic substrates. Amongst the different metallating reagents available, sodium bases have recently emerged as a more sustainable and powerful alternative to their lithium analogues. Here we report the study of the sterically demanding electrophilic trap B(CH2SiMe3)3 for the deprotonative borylation of arenes using NaTMP (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) in combination with tridentate Lewis donor PMDETA (PMDETA = N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). Using anisole and benzene as model substrates, unexpected polybasic behaviour has been uncovered, which enables the formal borylation of two equivalents of the relevant arene. The combination of X-ray crystallographic and NMR monitoring studies with DFT calculations has revealed that while the first B-C bond forming process takes place via a sodiation/borylation sequence to furnish [(PMDETA)NaB(Ar)(CH2SiMe3)3] species, the second borylation step is facilitated by the formation of a borata-alkene intermediate, without the need of an external base. For non-activated benzene, it has also been found that under stoichimetric conditions the lateral sodiation of B(CH2SiMe3)3 becomes a competitive reaction pathway furnishing a novel borata-alkene complex. Showing a clear alkali-metal effect, the use of the sodium base is key to access this reactivity, while the metalation/borylation of the amine donor PMDETA is observed instead when LiTMP is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Leonie J Bole
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Manting Mu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Martin Stanford
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Marconi N Peñas-Defrutos
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid 47071-Valladolid Spain
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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3
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Banerjee S, Macdonald PA, Orr SA, Kennedy AR, van Teijlingen A, Robertson SD, Tuttle T, Mulvey RE. Hydrocarbon Soluble Alkali-Metal-Aluminium Hydride Surrog[ATES]. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201085. [PMID: 35811447 PMCID: PMC9804340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of group 1 hydrocarbon-soluble donor free aluminates [AM(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] (AM=Li, Na, K, Rb) have been synthesised by combining an alkali metal dihydropyridyl unit [(2-t BuC5 H5 N)AM)] containing a surrogate hydride (sp3 C-H) with [(i Bu)2 Al(TMP)]. These aluminates have been characterised by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. While the lithium aluminate forms a monomer, the heavier alkali metal aluminates exist as polymeric chains propagated by non-covalent interactions between the alkali metal cations and the alkyldihydropyridyl units. Solvates [(THF)Li(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] and [(TMEDA)Na(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] have also been crystallographically characterised. Theoretical calculations show how the dispersion forces tend to increase on moving from Li to Rb, as opposed to the electrostatic forces of stabilization, which are orders of magnitude more significant. Having unique structural features, these bimetallic compounds can be considered as starting points for exploring unique reactivity trends as alkali-metal-aluminium hydride surrog[ATES].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Banerjee
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Peter A. Macdonald
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | | | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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4
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Bole LJ, Tortajada A, Hevia E. Enhancing Metalating Efficiency of the Sodium Amide NaTMP in Arene Borylation Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204262. [PMID: 35420221 PMCID: PMC9323492 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though LiTMP (TMP=2,2',6,6'-tetramethylpiperidide) is a commonly used amide, surprisingly the heavier NaTMP has hardly been utilised. Here, by mixing NaTMP with tridentate donor PMDETA (N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), we provide structural, and mechanistic insights into the sodiation of non-activated arenes (e.g. anisole and benzene). While these reactions are low yielding, adding B(OiPr)3 has a profound effect, not only by intercepting the CAr -Na bond, but also by driving the metalation reaction towards quantitative formation of more stabilized sodium aryl boronates. Demonstrating its metalating power, regioselective C2-metalation/borylation of naphthalene has been accomplished contrasting with single-metal based protocols which are unselective and low yielding. Extension to other arenes allows for in situ generation of aryl boronates which can then directly engage in Suzuki-Miyaura couplings, furnishing a range of biaryls in a selective and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J. Bole
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Andreu Tortajada
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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5
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Bole L, Tortajada A, Hevia E. Enhancing Metalating Efficiency of the Sodium Amide NaTMP in Arene Borylation Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bole
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Andreu Tortajada
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Eva Hevia
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
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6
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Pollard VA, Fuentes MA, Robertson SD, Weetman C, Kennedy AR, Brownlie J, Angus FJ, Smylie C, Mulvey RE. Reactivity studies and structural outcomes of a bulky dialkylaluminium amide in the presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene, ItBu. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Gauld RM, Lynch JR, Kennedy AR, Barker J, Reid J, Mulvey RE. Expected and Unexpected Reactivities of Homoleptic LiNacNac and Heteroleptic NacNacMg(TMP) β-Diketiminates toward Various Small Unsaturated Organic Molecules. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6057-6064. [PMID: 33830739 PMCID: PMC8154426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Homoleptic LiNacNac forms simple donor-acceptor complexes with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (CyN═C═NCy), triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3P═O), and benzophenone (Ph2CO). These crystallographically characterized compounds could be regarded as model intermediates en route to reducing the N═C, P═O, and C═O bonds of unsaturated substrates. Heteroleptic NacNacMg(TMP) intriguingly functions as a TMP nucleophile both with t-BuNCO and t-BuNCS, producing a urea or thiourea derivative respectively attached to Mg, though the NacNac ligand in the former reaction also engages noninnocently with a second t-BuNCO molecule via insertion at the reactive NacNac backbone γ-carbon site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Gauld
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jennifer R Lynch
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jim Barker
- Innospec Ltd., Innospec Manufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- Innospec Ltd., Innospec Manufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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8
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Zavalij PY, Li A, Eichhorn BW. Unusually large 254 Atoms Counter‐Ion for 5 Atoms [Ge
5
]
2–
Cluster. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y. Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD20742 Maryland USA
| | - Ai‐Min Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD20742 Maryland USA
| | - Bryan W. Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD20742 Maryland USA
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9
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Martínez-Martínez AJ, Kennedy AR, Paprocki V, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, O'Hara CT, Braunschweig H, Mulvey RE. Selective mono- and dimetallation of a group 3 sandwich complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9677-9680. [PMID: 31347619 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The scandium Cp/COT hybrid sandwich compound [(η5-C5H5)Sc(η8-C8H8)] is resistant to metallation via conventional alkyllithium and lithium amide bases. In this work, clean, selective, stoichiometric and high-yielding mono- and dimetallation is accomplished using tandem trans-metal-trapping (TMT) involving LiTMP and iBu2AlTMP with deprotonation occurring selectively at the Cp and Cp/COT rings respectively, providing the first examples of selective metallation of a sandwich complex featuring a group 3 element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Martínez-Martínez
- Supramolecular Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry & Department of Chemistry University of Huelva Campus El Camen, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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10
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Robertson SD, Uzelac M, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Synergistic Effects in Polar Main Group Organometallic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8332-8405. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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11
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Akimoto G, Otsuka M, Takita R, Uchiyama M, Hedidi M, Bentabed-Ababsa G, Lassagne F, Erb W, Mongin F. Deprotonative Metalation of Methoxy-Substituted Arenes Using Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide: Experimental and Computational Study. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13498-13506. [PMID: 30345758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction pathways of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP)-mediated deprotonative metalation of methoxy-substituted arenes were investigated. Importantly, it was experimentally observed that, whereas TMEDA has no effect on the course of the reactions, the presence of more than the stoichiometric amount of LiCl is deleterious, in particular without an in situ trap. These effects were corroborated by the DFT calculations. The reaction mechanisms, such as the structure of the active species in the deprotonation event, the reaction pathways by each postulated LiTMP complex, the stabilization effects by in situ trapping using zinc species, and some kinetic interpretation, are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Akimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, and Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Mai Otsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, and Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, and Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, and Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Madani Hedidi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS , ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France.,Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées , Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella , BP 1524 El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran , Algeria
| | - Ghenia Bentabed-Ababsa
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées , Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella , BP 1524 El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran , Algeria
| | - Frédéric Lassagne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS , ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - William Erb
- Univ Rennes, CNRS , ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS , ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
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12
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Mulvey RE. Transforming LiTMP Lithiation of Challenging Diazines through Gallium Alkyl Trans-Metal-Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 55:13147-13150. [PMID: 27647741 PMCID: PMC5113679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study establishes a new trans‐metal‐trapping (TMT) procedure based on a mixture of LiTMP (the base) and tris(trimethylsilylmethyl)gallium [Ga(CH2SiMe3)3, GaR3] (the trap) that, operating in a tandem manner, is effective for the regioselective deprotonation of sensitive diazines in hydrocarbon solution, as illustrated through reactions of pyrazine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine, as well as through the N‐S heterocycle benzothiazole. The metallo‐activated complexes of all of these compounds were isolated and structurally defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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13
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Lemmerz LE, McLellan R, Judge NR, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Uzelac M, Hevia E, Robertson SD, Okuda J, Mulvey RE. Donor-influenced Structure-Activity Correlations in Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions of Lithium Monoamido-Monohydrido-Dialkylaluminates. Chemistry 2018; 24:9940-9948. [PMID: 29697160 PMCID: PMC6055685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic monoamido‐monohydrido‐dialkylaluminate complexes of general formula [iBu2AlTMPHLi⋅donor] were synthesized and characterised in solution and in the solid state. Applying these complexes in catalytic hydroboration reactions with representative aldehydes and ketones reveals that all are competent, however a definite donor substituent effect is discernible. The bifunctional nature of the complexes is also probed by assessing their performance in metallation of a triazole and phenylacetylene and addition across pyrazine. These results lead to an example of phenylacetylene hydroboration, which likely proceeds via deprotonation, rather than insertion as observed with the aldehydes and ketones. Collectively, the results emphasise that reactivity is strongly influenced by both the mixed‐metal constitution and mixed‐ligand constitution of the new aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Lemmerz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Neil R Judge
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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14
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Uzelac M, Mulvey RE. Trans-Metal-Trapping: Concealed Crossover Complexes En Route to Transmetallation? Chemistry 2018; 24:7786-7793. [PMID: 29603459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defined as the transfer of ligands from one metal to another, transmetallation is a common reaction in organometallic chemistry. Its chemical celebrity stems from its role in important catalytic cycles of cross-coupling reactions such as those of Negishi, Sonogashira, Stille, or Suzuki. This article focuses on trans-metal-trapping (TMT), which could be construed as partially complete transmetallations. On mixing two distinct organometallic compounds, of for example lithium with aluminium or gallium, the two metals meet in a crossover co-complex, but the reaction ceases at that point and full transmetallation is not reached. Though in its infancy, trans-metal-trapping shows promise in transforming failed lithiations into successful lithiations and in stabilising sensitive carbanions through cooperative bimetallic effects making them more amenable to onward reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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15
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Pollard VA, Orr SA, McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Mulvey RE. Lithium diamidodihydridoaluminates: bimetallic cooperativity in catalytic hydroboration and metallation applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1233-1236. [PMID: 29336450 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cooperativity between the Li and Al centres is implicated in catalytic hydroboration reactions of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane via heteroleptic lithium diamidodihydridoaluminates. In addition to implementing hydroalumination, these versatile heteroleptic ates can also perform as amido bases as illustrated with an acidic triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Pollard
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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16
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García-Valle FM, Tabernero V, Cuenca T, Cano J, Mosquera MEG. Schiff-base -ate derivatives with main group metals: generation of a tripodal aluminate metalloligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6499-6506. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00835c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new type of -ate derivatives is described, where the alkali metal exerts a strong influence on the final outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. García-Valle
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Vanessa Tabernero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Marta E. G. Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
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17
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Raţ CI, Soran A, Varga RA, Silvestru C. C–H Bond Activation Mediated by Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds of Main Group Metals. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Uzelac M, Hevia E. Polar organometallic strategies for regioselective C–H metallation of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2455-2462. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00049b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article focuses on the recent emergence of s-block metal-mediated N-heterocyclic carbene metallations and the new opportunities this methodology offers to access unique anionic NHC fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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19
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Ketels M, Ganiek MA, Weidmann N, Knochel P. Synthese von Diorganomagnesium‐ und Diorganozinkverbindungen durch In‐Situ‐Abfang‐Halogen‐Lithium‐Austausch an hochfunktionalisierten (Hetero)Arylhalogeniden im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Ketels
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Maximilian A. Ganiek
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Niels Weidmann
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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20
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Ketels M, Ganiek MA, Weidmann N, Knochel P. Synthesis of Polyfunctional Diorganomagnesium and Diorganozinc Reagents through In Situ Trapping Halogen–Lithium Exchange of Highly Functionalized (Hetero)aryl Halides in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12770-12773. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Ketels
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Maximilian A. Ganiek
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Niels Weidmann
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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21
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Trans-Metal-Trapping Meets Frustrated-Lewis-Pair Chemistry: Ga(CH 2SiMe 3) 3-Induced C-H Functionalizations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8615-8626. [PMID: 28485929 PMCID: PMC5549243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Merging two topical themes in main-group chemistry, namely, cooperative bimetallics and frustrated-Lewis-pair (FLP) activity, this Forum Article focuses on the cooperativity-induced outcomes observed when the tris(alkyl)gallium compound GaR3 (R = CH2SiMe3) is paired with the lithium amide LiTMP (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) or the sterically hindered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-bis(tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (ItBu). When some previously published work are drawn together with new results, unique tandem reactivities are presented that are driven by the steric mismatch between the individual reagents of these multicomponent reagents. Thus, the LiTMP/GaR3 combination, which on its own fails to form a cocomplex, functions as a highly regioselective base (LiTMP)/trap (GaR3) partnership for the metalation of N-heterocycles such as diazines, 1,3-benzoazoles, and 2-picolines in a trans-metal-trapping (TMT) process that stabilizes the emerging sensitive carbanions. Taking advantage of related steric incompatibility, a novel monometallic FLP system pairing GaR3 with ItBu has been developed for the activation of carbonyl compounds (via C═O insertion) and other molecules with acidic hydrogen atoms such as phenol and phenylacetylene. Shedding new light on how these non-cocomplexing partnerships operate and showcasing the potential of gallium reagents to engage in metalation reactions or FLP activations, areas where the use of this group 13 metal is scant, this Forum Article aims to stimulate more interest and activity toward the advancement of organogallium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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22
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McLellan R, Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Mulvey RE. LiTMP Trans-Metal-Trapping of Fluorinated Aromatic Molecules: A Comparative Study of Aluminum and Gallium Carbanion Traps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9566-9570. [PMID: 28662314 PMCID: PMC5577511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroaromatic scaffolds pose a challenge to lithiation due to low stability of lithiated intermediates. Here we apply trans‐metal‐trapping (TMT) to a series of key fluorinated aromatics. In TMT, LiTMP performs the metalation, while an organometallic trap intercepts the emergent carbanion. This study contrasts the trapping abilities of iBu2AlTMP and Ga(CH2SiMe3)3, structurally mapping their TMT reactions and probing relative stabilities of metalated fluoroaromatic intermediates by NMR studies. Results show the installed Al−C(aryl) bonds are more prone to decomposition by benzyne formation and Li‐F liberation, than the Ga−C(aryl) species. The latter are thus better for onward reactivity as demonstrated in cross‐coupling reactions with benzoyl chloride that produce ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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23
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LiTMP Trans-Metal-Trapping of Fluorinated Aromatic Molecules: A Comparative Study of Aluminum and Gallium Carbanion Traps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Peel AJ, Ackroyd R, Wheatley AEH. Metal exchange in lithiocuprates: implications for our understanding of structure and reactivity. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4904-4916. [PMID: 28959414 PMCID: PMC5603898 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New reagents have been sought for directed ortho cupration in which the use of cyanide reagents is eliminated. CuOCN reacts with excess TMPLi (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) in the presence of limited donor solvent to give crystals that are best represented as (TMP)2Cu0.1Li0.9(OCN)Li2(THF) 8, whereby both Lipshutz-type lithiocuprate (TMP)2Cu(OCN)Li2(THF) 8a and trinuclear (TMP)2(OCN)Li3(THF) 8b are expressed. Treatment of a hydrocarbon solution of TMP2CuLi 9a with LiOCN and THF gives pure 8a. Meanwhile, formation of 8b is systematized by reacting (TMPH2)OCN 10 with TMPH and nBuLi to give (TMP)2(OCN)Li3(THF)211. Important to the attribution of lower/higher order bonding in lithiocuprate chemistry is the observation that in crystalline 8, amide-bridging Cu and Li demonstrate clear preferences for di- and tricoordination, respectively. A large excess of Lewis base gives an 8-membered metallacycle that retains metal disorder and analyses as (TMP)2Cu1.35Li0.659 in the solid state. NMR spectroscopy identifies 9 as a mixture of (TMP)2CuLi 9a and other copper-rich species. Crystals from which the structure of 8 was obtained dissolve to yield evidence for 8b coexisting in solution with in situ-generated 9a, 11 and a kinetic variant on 9a ( i-9a), that is best viewed as an agglomerate of TMPLi and TMPCu. Moving to the use of DALi (DA = diisopropylamide), (DA)2Cu0.09Li0.91(Br)Li2(TMEDA)212 (TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetremethylethylenediamine) is isolated, wherein (DA)2Cu(Br)Li2(TMEDA)212a exhibits lower-order Cu coordination. The preparation of (DA)2Li(Br)Li2(TMEDA)212b was systematized using (DAH2)Br, DAH and nBuLi. Lastly, metal disorder is avoided in the 2 : 1 lithium amide : Lipshutz-type monomer adduct (DA)4Cu(OCN)Li4(TMEDA)213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Peel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW UK .
| | - Ryan Ackroyd
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW UK .
| | - Andrew E H Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW UK .
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25
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Martínez-Martínez AJ, Justice S, Fleming BJ, Kennedy AR, Oswald IDH, O’Hara CT. Templated deprotonative metalation of polyaryl systems: Facile access to simple, previously inaccessible multi-iodoarenes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700832. [PMID: 28695201 PMCID: PMC5493416 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of new methodologies to affect non-ortho-functionalization of arenes has emerged as a globally important arena for research, which is key to both fundamental studies and applied technologies. A range of simple arene feedstocks (namely, biphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-terphenyl, 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, and biphenylene) is transformed to hitherto unobtainable multi-iodoarenes via an s-block metal sodium magnesiate templated deprotonative approach. These iodoarenes have the potential to be used in a whole host of high-impact transformations, as precursors to key materials in the pharmaceutical, molecular electronic, and nanomaterials industries. To prove the concept, we transformed biphenyl to 3,5-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, a novel isomer of 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CPB), a compound which is currently widely used as a host material for organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Martínez-Martínez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stephen Justice
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ben J. Fleming
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Charles T. O’Hara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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26
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Hernán-Gómez A, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. C−N Bond Activation and Ring Opening of a Saturated N-Heterocyclic Carbene by Lateral Alkali-Metal-Mediated Metalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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27
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Hernán-Gómez A, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. C−N Bond Activation and Ring Opening of a Saturated N-Heterocyclic Carbene by Lateral Alkali-Metal-Mediated Metalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6632-6635. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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28
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Muñoz MT, Barandika G, Bazán B, Cuenca T, Mosquera MEG. Aluminum Alkali Metalate Derivatives: Factors Driving the Final Nuclearity in the Crystal Form. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Muñoz
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Alcalá Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Gotzone Barandika
- Inorganic Chemistry Department University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa Spain
- BCMaterials Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio Ibaizabal Bidea, Edificio 500‐Planta 1 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Begoña Bazán
- BCMaterials Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio Ibaizabal Bidea, Edificio 500‐Planta 1 48160 Derio Spain
- Mineralogy and Petrology Department University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Alcalá Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Marta E. G. Mosquera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Alcalá Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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29
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Hua Y, Guo Z, Han H, Wei X. N,N,O-Tridentate Mixed Lithium–Magnesium and Lithium–Aluminum Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activities. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Hua
- The School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Ordos, Inner Mongolia University, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Han
- The School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Wei
- The School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Boga SB, Christensen M, Perrotto N, Krska SW, Dreher S, Tudge MT, Ashley ER, Poirier M, Reibarkh M, Liu Y, Streckfuss E, Campeau LC, Ruck RT, Davies IW, Vachal P. Selective functionalization of complex heterocycles via an automated strong base screening platform. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An automated high throughput screening approach to optimizing strong base-mediated metalations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Perrotto
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Spencer Dreher
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Matthew T. Tudge
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Eric R. Ashley
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Marc Poirier
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Eric Streckfuss
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | | | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Ian W. Davies
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Petr Vachal
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
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31
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Fuentes MÁ, Zabala A, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE. Structural Diversity in Alkali Metal and Alkali Metal Magnesiate Chemistry of the Bulky 2,6-Diisopropyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)anilino Ligand. Chemistry 2016; 22:14968-14978. [PMID: 27573676 PMCID: PMC5096043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bulky amido ligands are precious in s-block chemistry, since they can implant complementary strong basic and weak nucleophilic properties within compounds. Recent work has shown the pivotal importance of the base structure with enhancement of basicity and extraordinary regioselectivities possible for cyclic alkali metal magnesiates containing mixed n-butyl/amido ligand sets. This work advances alkali metal and alkali metal magnesiate chemistry of the bulky arylsilyl amido ligand [N(SiMe3 )(Dipp)]- (Dipp=2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ). Infinite chain structures of the parent sodium and potassium amides are disclosed, adding to the few known crystallographically characterised unsolvated s-block metal amides. Solvation by N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) or N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) gives molecular variants of the lithium and sodium amides; whereas for potassium, PMDETA gives a molecular structure, TMEDA affords a novel, hemi-solvated infinite chain. Crystal structures of the first magnesiate examples of this amide in [MMg{N(SiMe3 )(Dipp)}2 (μ-nBu)]∞ (M=Na or K) are also revealed, though these breakdown to their homometallic components in donor solvents as revealed through NMR and DOSY studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Andoni Zabala
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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32
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Mulvey RE. Transforming LiTMP Lithiation of Challenging Diazines through Gallium Alkyl Trans-Metal-Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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33
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hernán-Gómez A, Fuentes MÁ, Hevia E. Heavier Alkali-metal Gallates as Platforms for Accessing Functionalized Abnormal NHC Carbene-Gallium Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
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34
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Greer JA, Blair VL, Thompson CD, Andrews PC. Simplifying metal-'ate' chemistry: formation and comprehensive characterisation of a homo-metallic amido lithiate complex. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10887-90. [PMID: 27327036 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Addition of TMEDA to lithium allyl-1-naphthylamide in a 1 : 1 ratio afforded the novel amido lithium/lithiate complex, [Li(TMEDA)2][Li{N(1-naph)(CH2CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)}2]. (7)Li NMR and computational calculations indicate this model to be representative of the solution state, with (1)H and (13)C NMR showing a 1,3-sigmatropic rearrangement. [Li{N(1-naph)(CH2CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)}·Et2O]2, and [Li{N(1-naph) (CH2CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)}·PMDETA] , are presented for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Greer
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Victoria L Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | | | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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35
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Fernández-Millán M, Temprado M, Cano J, Cuenca T, Mosquera MEG. Synthesis of novel chiral heterometallic terpene oximates: unusual generation of an aluminium enolate by a cooperative effect. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10514-8. [PMID: 27301830 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Al-K heterometallic terpene oximate derivatives with uncommon structural features are reported. These species react with an aryl ketone leading to heterometallic enolates via an unusual route. Isolation of a remarkable heterometallic Al-K enolate confirms the cooperative mechanism proposed by DFT calculations, where the oximate ligand has a prominent role. From these enolates the formation of new C-C bonds is straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-Millán
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Manuel Temprado
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
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36
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Deprotometalation of substituted pyridines and regioselectivity-computed CH acidity relationships. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Zhang D, Zhang H, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Lithium-Assisted Copolymerization of CO2/Cyclohexene Oxide: A Novel and Straightforward Route to Polycarbonates and Related Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Zhang
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division and ‡KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division and ‡KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division and ‡KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division and ‡KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division and ‡KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Becker MR, Knochel P. High-Temperature Continuous-Flow Zincations of Functionalized Arenes and Heteroarenes Using (Cy2N)2Zn·2LiCl. Org Lett 2016; 18:1462-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R. Becker
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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39
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Ganiek MA, Becker MR, Ketels M, Knochel P. Continuous Flow Magnesiation or Zincation of Acrylonitriles, Acrylates, and Nitroolefins. Application to the Synthesis of Butenolides. Org Lett 2016; 18:828-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A. Ganiek
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias R. Becker
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marthe Ketels
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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40
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Brouillet EV, Kennedy AR, Koszinowski K, McLellan R, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Exposing elusive cationic magnesium–chloro aggregates in aluminate complexes through donor control. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5590-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Judicious choice of Lewis donor provides control over the aggregation state of the [MgxCl2x−1]+ cation in a series of Mg battery relevant magnesium aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne V. Brouillet
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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41
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Kennedy AR, McLellan R, McNeil GJ, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Tetraamine Me6TREN induced monomerization of alkali metal borohydrides and aluminohydrides. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Nafe J, Auras F, Karaghiosoff K, Bein T, Knochel P. Selective Functionalization of Tetrathiafulvalene Using Mg- and Zn-TMP-Bases: Preparation of Mono-, Di-, Tri-, and Tetrasubstituted Derivatives. Org Lett 2015; 17:5356-9. [PMID: 26469280 PMCID: PMC4797621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tetrathiafulvalene-scaffold (TTF) reacts selectively in allylation, acylation, arylation, halogenation, and thiolation reactions via magnesium or zinc derivatives that are obtained by a direct metalation with Mg- and Zn-TMP-bases (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl). This stepwise functionalization provides access to a range of new mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-functionalized TTF-derivatives and allows for fine-tuning of their energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nafe
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Florian Auras
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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43
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Becker MR, Ganiek MA, Knochel P. Practical and economic lithiations of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes using Cy 2NLi in the presence of Mg, Zn or La halides in a continuous flow. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6649-6653. [PMID: 29435214 PMCID: PMC5802273 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The economic amide base lithium dicyclohexylamide (Cy2NLi) allows fast and convenient (40 s, 0 °C) in situ trapping flow metalations of a broad range of functionalized arenes, heteroarenes and acrylate derivatives in the presence of various metal salts (ZnCl2·2LiCl, MgCl2, LaCl3·2LiCl). The resulting Zn-, Mg- or La-organometallic intermediates are trapped with various electrophiles in high yields. These flow metalations are easily scaled-up without further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Becker
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Department Chemie , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F) , 81377 München , Germany .
| | - Maximilian A Ganiek
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Department Chemie , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F) , 81377 München , Germany .
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Department Chemie , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F) , 81377 München , Germany .
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44
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Martínez‐Martínez AJ, Fuentes MÁ, Hernán‐Gómez A, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, O'Hara CT. Alkali‐Metal‐Mediated Magnesiations of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: Normal, Abnormal, and “Paranormal” Reactivity in a Single Tritopic Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Martínez‐Martínez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Charles T. O'Hara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
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45
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Martínez-Martínez AJ, Fuentes MÁ, Hernán-Gómez A, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, O'Hara CT. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Magnesiations of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Normal, Abnormal, and “Paranormal” Reactivity in a Single Tritopic Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14075-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Fuentes MÁ, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Parkinson JA, Rantanen T, Robertson SD, Snieckus V. Adding a Structural Context to the Deprotometalation and Trans-Metal Trapping Chemistry of Phenyl-Substituted Benzotriazole. Chemistry 2015; 21:14812-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Schnitzler S, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J. Formation and Reactivity of a Molecular Magnesium Hydride with a Terminal MgH Bond. Chemistry 2015; 21:11330-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schnitzler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215 LPCNO, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse (France)
| | - Jun Okuda
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany)
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48
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Yang Z, Zhong M, Ma X, De S, Anusha C, Parameswaran P, Roesky HW. An Aluminum Hydride That Functions like a Transition-Metal Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Yang Z, Zhong M, Ma X, De S, Anusha C, Parameswaran P, Roesky HW. An Aluminum Hydride That Functions like a Transition-Metal Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10225-9. [PMID: 26087711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [LAlH2 ] (L=HC(CMeNAr)2 , Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) with MeOTf (Tf=SO2 CF3 ) resulted in the formation of [LAlH(OTf)] (1) in high yield. The triflate substituent in 1 increases the positive charge at the aluminum center, which implies that 1 has a strong Lewis acidic character. The excellent catalytic activity of 1 for the hydroboration of organic compounds with carbonyl groups was investigated. Furthermore, it was shown that 1 effectively initiates the addition reaction of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to both aldehydes and ketones. Quantum mechanical calculations were carried out to explore the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing (P.R. China).
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing (P.R. China)
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing (P.R. China)
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P.O., Calicut, Kerala, 673 601 (India)
| | - Chakkittakandiyil Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P.O., Calicut, Kerala, 673 601 (India)
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P.O., Calicut, Kerala, 673 601 (India).
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany).
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50
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Becker MR, Knochel P. Practical Continuous-Flow Trapping Metalations of Functionalized Arenes and Heteroarenes Using TMPLi in the Presence of Mg, Zn, Cu, or La Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12501-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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