1
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Zhang Q, Liu T, Wu L, Zhou CY, Wang C. Defunctionalization Enabled by Intramolecular Radical Aromatic Ipso Substitution. Org Lett 2024; 26:7744-7750. [PMID: 39235307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
A chemoselective and regioselective copper-promoted defunctionalization procedure has been developed, enabling the rapid construction of various N-polyheterocycles. Initial mechanistic studies reveal that a single-electron transfer radical process is potentially involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Tinglan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Lili Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
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2
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Arena D, Verde-Sesto E, Rivilla I, Pomposo JA. Artificial Photosynthases: Single-Chain Nanoparticles with Manifold Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity for Challenging "in Water" Organic Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14397-14403. [PMID: 38639303 PMCID: PMC11140743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed reactions of organic substances in aqueous media are challenging transformations, often because of scarce solubility of substrates and catalyst deactivation. Herein, we report single-chain nanoparticles, SCNPs, capable of efficiently catalyzing four different "in water" organic reactions by employing visible light as the only external energy source. Specifically, we decorated a high-molecular-weight copolymer, poly(OEGMA300-r-AEMA), with iridium(III) cyclometalated complex pendants at varying content amounts. The isolated functionalized copolymers demonstrated self-assembly into noncovalent, amphiphilic SCNPs in water, which enabled efficient visible-light photocatalysis of two reactions unprecedentedly reported in water, namely, [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of vinyl arenes and α-arylation of N-arylamines. Additionally, aerobic oxidation of 9-substituted anthracenes and β-sulfonylation of α-methylstyrene were successfully carried out in aqueous media. Hence, by merging metal-mediated photocatalysis and SCNPs for the fabrication of artificial photoenzyme-like nano-objects─i.e., artificial photosynthases (APS)─our work broadens the possibilities for performing challenging "in water" organic transformations via visible-light photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Arena
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center
MPC, P° Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center
MPC, P° Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque
Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iván Rivilla
- IKERBASQUE-Basque
Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Innovación en
Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Chemistry, P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center
MPC, P° Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque
Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento
de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química
y Tecnología, University of the Basque
Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Chemistry, P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
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3
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Ran L, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Cai H, Pang H, Yan D, Xiang Y, Teng H. Covalent Organic Frameworks Based Photoenzymatic Nano-reactor for Asymmetric Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319732. [PMID: 38367015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Bio-catalysis represents a highly efficient and stereoselective method for the synthesis of valuable chiral compounds, however, the poor stability and limited reaction types of free enzymes restrict their wide application in industrial production. In this work, to overcome these problems, a multifunctional photoenzymatic nanoreactor CALB@COF-Ir was developed through the encapsulation of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in a photosensitive covalent organic framework COF-Ir. This bio-nanocluster serves as efficient catalysts in asymmetric dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of secondary amines to give a series of chiral amines in high yields (up to 99 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). The well-designed COF-Ir not only acts as safety cover to prevent CALB from deactivation but promotes racemization of secondary amines via photo-induced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process. Photoelectric characterization and TDDFT calculation revealed that (ppy)2Ir units in COF-Ir play crucial role in this photocatalytic system which enhance its photo-redox properties through facilitating the separation between photoelectrons (e-) and holes (h+). Furthermore, the heterogeneous photoenzymatic nanoreactor could be recycled for five rounds with slight decline of catalytic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ran
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Cai
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huaji Pang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Dingce Yan
- Analytical and Testing Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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4
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Yonekura K, Aoki K, Nishida T, Ikeda Y, Oyama R, Hatano S, Abe M, Shirakawa E. Photoinduced α-Aminoalkylation of Sulfonylarenes with Alkylamines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302658. [PMID: 37681494 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
α-Aminoalkylation of sulfonylarenes with alkylamines was found to be induced by photoirradiation. Here various types of alkylamines, such as trialkylamines, dialkylamines, N,N-dialkylanilines and N-alkylanilines as well as sulfonylarenes containing an azole, azine, heterole or benzene ring are available. The reaction proceeds through a homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) process consisting of addition of an α-aminoalkyl radical to a sulfonylarene and elimination of the sulfonyl radical to give the α-arylalkylamine, where photoirradiation is considered to induce homolysis of sulfonylarenes leading to the generation of α-aminoalkyl radicals that make a radical chain operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Kohei Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Ryoko Oyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Eiji Shirakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
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5
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Wang W, Yan X, Ye F, Zheng S, Huang G, Yuan W. Nickel/Photoredox Dual-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Aminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23385-23394. [PMID: 37824756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A mild and regiodivergent aminoalkylation of unactivated alkyl halides is disclosed via a dual photoredox/nickel catalysis. Bipyridyl-type ligands without an ortho-substituent control the site-selective coupling at the original position, while ortho-disubstituted ligands tune the site-selectivity at a remote, unprefunctionalized position. Mechanistic studies combined with DFT calculations give insight into the mechanism and the origins of the ligand-controlled regioselectivity. Notably, this redox-neutral, regiodivergent alkyl-alkyl coupling features mild conditions, broad substrate scope for both alkyl coupling partners, and excellent site-selectivity and offers a straightforward way for α-alkylation of tertiary amines to synthesize structurally diverse alkylamines and value-added amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Yonekura K, Murooka M, Aoki K, Shirakawa E. Electrochemical Direct α-Arylation of Alkylamines with Sulfonylarenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6682-6687. [PMID: 37675955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical α-arylation of alkylamines with sulfonylarenes has been developed. Here, diverse trialkylamines and aryl(dimethyl)amines are applicable to the α-arylation with sulfonylarenes having an azole, azine, and benzene nucleus. The α-arylation was scaled up using an electrolysis flow cell. Mechanistic studies show that anodic oxidation of an alkylamine with a sulfinate as a mediator followed by deprotonation gives an α-aminoalkyl radical, which undergoes homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) on a sulfonylarene to give the corresponding α-arylalkylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Mari Murooka
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Kohei Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Eiji Shirakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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7
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Huang W, Keess S, Molander GA. A General and Practical Route to Functionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane-Heteroaryls Enabled by Photocatalytic Multicomponent Heteroarylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302223. [PMID: 37059692 PMCID: PMC10247404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
1-Aryl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are an important class of BCP derivatives with widespread application in drug development. Most syntheses of these materials require multiple chemical steps via BCP electrophiles or nucleophiles derived from [1.1.1]propellane. Although one-step, multicomponent radical cross-coupling reactions could provide a more sustainable and rapid route to access diverse heteroarylated BCPs, current approaches are limited to tertiary alkyl radicals, leading to a decrease in their practical value. In this study, a conceptually different approach enabled by a radical multicomponent heteroarylation of [1.1.1]propellane to access functionalized heteroarylated BCPs is described. Importantly, this protocol is compatible with primary-, secondary-, and tertiary aliphatic radicals, as well as various fluoroalkyl radical sources, thus enabling rapid library generation of sought-after BCP derivatives for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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8
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Das A, Choi A, Coldham I. Photocatalysis and Kinetic Resolution by Lithiation to Give Enantioenriched 2-Arylpiperazines. Org Lett 2023; 25:987-991. [PMID: 36735675 PMCID: PMC9942196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Piperazines are important heterocycles in drug compounds. We report the asymmetric synthesis of arylpiperazines by photocatalytic decarboxylative arylation (metallaphotoredox catalysis) then kinetic resolution using n-BuLi/(+)-sparteine. This gave a range of piperazines with very high enantioselectivities. Further functionalizations gave enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted piperazines, and either N-substituent can be removed selectively. Late-stage functionalizations of enantioenriched piperazine derivatives were demonstrated, including synthesis of a drug compound with glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inhibitor activity with potential for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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9
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Habib I, Singha K, Hossain M. Recent Progress on Pyridine
N
‐Oxide in Organic Transformations: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Habib
- Synthetic Organic Research Laboratory UGC-HRDC (Chemistry) University of North Bengal Siliguri Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Koustav Singha
- Synthetic Organic Research Laboratory UGC-HRDC (Chemistry) University of North Bengal Siliguri Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Mossaraf Hossain
- Synthetic Organic Research Laboratory UGC-HRDC (Chemistry) University of North Bengal Siliguri Darjeeling 734013 India
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10
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Trammel GL, Kannangara PB, Vasko D, Datsenko O, Mykhailiuk P, Brown MK. Arylboration of Enecarbamates for the Synthesis of Borylated Saturated N-Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212117. [PMID: 36250954 PMCID: PMC9643676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two catalytic systems have been developed for the arylboration of endocyclic enecarbamates to deliver synthetically versatile borylated saturated N-heterocycles in good regio- and diastereoselectivities. A Cu/Pd dual catalytic reaction enables the synthesis of borylated, α-arylated azetidines, while a Ni-catalysed arylboration reaction efficiently functionalizes 5-, 6-, and 7-membered enecarbamates. In the case of the Cu/Pd-system, a remarkable additive effect was identified that allowed for broader scope. The products are synthetically useful, as demonstrated by manipulations of the boronic ester to access biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L. Trammel
- Department of ChemistryIndiana University800 E. Kirkwood Ave.BloomingtonIN, 47401USA
| | | | | | | | - Pavel Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd.Chervonotkatska 6002094KyivUkraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of KyivChemistry DepartmentVolodymyrska 6401601KyivUkraine
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of ChemistryIndiana University800 E. Kirkwood Ave.BloomingtonIN, 47401USA
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11
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Dimitrova D, McMahon C, Kennedy AR, Parkinson JA, Leach SG, Boulton LT, Pascoe DD, Murphy JA. A study of the reactivity of cyclic aminomethylammonium mannich salts. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Trammel GL, Kannangara PB, Vasko D, Datsenko O, Mykhailiuk P, Brown MK. Arylboration of Enecarbamates for the Synthesis of Borylated Saturated N‐Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace L. Trammel
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN, 47401 USA
| | | | - Dmytro Vasko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 60 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 60 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Chemistry Department Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN, 47401 USA
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13
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Singh T, Panday P, Upreti GC, Ranjan S, Gupta RK, Singh A. Visible-light-mediated synthesis of α,β-diamino esters via coupling of N, N-dimethylanilines and glyoxalic oxime ethers. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4522-4525. [PMID: 35605977 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated synthesis of α,β-diamino esters has been developed via the cross coupling of N,N-dimethylanilines with glyoxalic oxime ethers. This protocol involves the generation of α-aminoalkyl radicals under mild reaction conditions, provides α,β-diamino esters in good to excellent yields, and can be performed on a gram-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, U. P., 208016, India.
| | - Prabhakar Panday
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, U. P., 208016, India.
| | - Ganesh Chandra Upreti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, U. P., 208016, India.
| | - Sudhir Ranjan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, U. P., 208016, India
| | - Raju Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, U. P., 208016, India
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, U. P., 208016, India.
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14
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Li X, Shui Y, Shen P, Wang YP, Zhang C, Feng C. A novel type of radical-addition-induced β-fragmentation and ensuing remote functionalization. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Sakai K, Oisaki K, Kanai M. A Germanium Catalyst Accelerates the Photoredox α-C(sp 3)-H Alkylation of Primary Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:3325-3330. [PMID: 35486160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective C(sp3)-H functionalizations using photoredox catalysis (PC) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis have received increasing attention. Here, we report a Ph2GeCl2 cocatalyst that greatly improves the yield of α-C(sp3)-H alkylation of primary amines catalyzed by a PC-HAT hybrid system. The α-position of the amino group selectively reacted even when weaker C-H bonds existed in the substrates. This finding may help the design of a novel site-selective hybrid catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Yang H, Huang Z, Lehnherr D, Lam YH, Ren S, Strotman NA. Efficient Aliphatic Hydrogen-Isotope Exchange with Tritium Gas through the Merger of Photoredox and Hydrogenation Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5010-5022. [PMID: 35263094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Employment of a combination of an organophotoredox catalyst with Wilkinson's catalyst (Rh(PPh3)3Cl) has given rise to an unprecedented method for hydrogen-isotope exchange (HIE) of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds of complex pharmaceuticals using T2 gas directly. Wilkinson's catalyst, commonly used for catalytic hydrogenations, was exploited as a precatalyst for activation of D2 or T2 and hydrogen atom transfer. In this combined methodology and mechanistic study, we demonstrate that by coupling photocatalysis with Rh catalysis, carbon-centered radicals generated via photoredox catalysis can be intercepted by Rh-hydride intermediates to deliver an effective hydrogen atom donor for hydrogen-isotope labeling of complex molecules in one step. By optimizing the ratio of the photocatalyst and Wilkinson's catalyst to balance the rate of the dual catalytic cycles, we can achieve efficient HIE and high recovery yield. This protocol was readily applied to direct HIE of C(sp3)-H bonds in 10 complex drug molecules, showing high isotope incorporation efficiency and exceptionally good functional group tolerance and demonstrating this approach as a practical and attractive labeling method for deuteration and tritiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zheng Huang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sumei Ren
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Neil A Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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17
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Lu L, Shi R, Lei A. Single-electron transfer oxidation-induced C–H bond functionalization via photo-/electrochemistry. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Mondal PK, Tiwari SK, Singh P, Pandey G. Direct Arylation of Distal and Proximal C(sp 3)-H Bonds of t-Amines with Aryl Diazonium Tetrafluoroborates via Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17184-17196. [PMID: 34786938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-mediated arylation protocol for t-amines has been reported through the coupling of γ- and α-amino alkyl radicals with different aryl diazonium salts using Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O as a photocatalyst. Structurally different 9-aryl-9,10-dihydroacridine, 1-aryl tetrahydroisoquinoline, hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline, and hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline frameworks with different substitution patterns have been synthesized in good yield using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ganesh Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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19
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent‐Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine‐Derived α‐Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL (University College London) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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20
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent-Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine-Derived α-Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24116-24123. [PMID: 34449968 PMCID: PMC8597041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reagent-controlled stereodivergent carbocyclisation of aryl aldimine-derived, photocatalytically generated, α-amino radicals possessing adjacent conjugated alkenes, affording either bicyclic or tetracyclic products, is described. Under net reductive conditions using commercial Hantzsch ester, the α-amino radical species underwent a single stereoselective cyclisation to give trans-configured amino-indane structures in good yield, whereas using a substituted Hantzsch ester as a milder reductant afforded cis-fused tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline frameworks, resulting from two consecutive radical cyclisations. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed libraries of both single and dual cyclisation products to be synthesised with high selectivity, notable predictability, and good-to-excellent yields. Computational analysis employing DFT revealed the reaction pathway and mechanistic rationale behind this finely balanced yet readily controlled photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistryUCL (University College London)School of Pharmacy29–39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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21
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Thierry T, Pfund E, Lequeux T. Metal-Free Aminomethylation of Aromatic Sulfones Promoted by Eosin Y. Chemistry 2021; 27:14826-14830. [PMID: 34464004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free α-aminomethylation of heteroaryls promoted by eosin Y under green light irradiation is reported. A large variety of α-trimethylsilylamines as precursor of α-aminomethyl radical species were engaged to functionalize sulfonyl-heteroaryls following a Homolytic Aromatic Substitution (HAS) pathway. This method has provided a range of α-aminoheteroaryl compounds including a functionalized natural product. The mechanism of this late-stage functionalization of aryls was investigated and suggests the formation of a sulfonyl radical intermediate over a reductive quenching cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Thierry
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique LCMT UMR 6507 ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Pfund
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique LCMT UMR 6507 ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Lequeux
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique LCMT UMR 6507 ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
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22
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Shen Y, Rovis T. Late-Stage N-Me Selective Arylation of Trialkylamines Enabled by Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16364-16369. [PMID: 34590864 PMCID: PMC8862118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and wide availability of trialkylamines render them ideal sources for rapid construction of complex amine architectures. Herein, we report that a nickel/photoredox dual catalysis strategy affects site-selective α-arylation of various trialkylamines. Our catalytic system shows exclusive N-Me selectivity with a wide range of trialkylamines under mild conditions, even in the context of late-stage arylation of pharmaceutical compounds bearing this common structural motif. Mechanistic studies indicate the unconventional behavior of Ni catalyst upon intercepting the α-amino radicals, in which only the primary α-amino radical undergoes a successful cross-coupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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23
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Abstract
Piperazine ranks as the third most common nitrogen heterocycle in drug discovery, and it is the key component of several blockbuster drugs, such as Imatinib (also marketed as Gleevec) or Sildenafil, sold as Viagra. Despite its wide use in medicinal chemistry, the structural diversity of piperazines is limited, with about 80% of piperazine-containing drugs containing substituents only at the nitrogen positions. Recently, major advances have been made in the C–H functionalization of the carbon atoms of the piperazine ring. Herein, we present an overview of the recent synthetic methods to afford functionalized piperazines with a focus on C–H functionalization.
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24
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Dutta S, Li B, Rickertsen DRL, Valles DA, Seidel D. C-H Bond Functionalization of Amines: A Graphical Overview of Diverse Methods. SYNOPEN 2021; 5:173-228. [PMID: 34825124 PMCID: PMC8612105 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides a concise overview of the manifold and mechanistically diverse methods that enable the functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds in amines and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Dutta
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dillon R L Rickertsen
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel A Valles
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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25
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Greenwood JW, Boyle BT, McNally A. Pyridylphosphonium salts as alternatives to cyanopyridines in radical-radical coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10538-10543. [PMID: 34447547 PMCID: PMC8356814 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical couplings of cyanopyridine radical anions represent a valuable technology for functionalizing pyridines, which are prevalent throughout pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Installing the cyano group, which facilitates the necessary radical anion formation and stabilization, is challenging and limits the use of this chemistry to simple cyanopyridines. We discovered that pyridylphosphonium salts, installed directly and regioselectively from C–H precursors, are useful alternatives to cyanopyridines in radical–radical coupling reactions, expanding the scope of this reaction manifold to complex pyridines. Methods for both alkylation and amination of pyridines mediated by photoredox catalysis are described. Additionally, we demonstrate late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals, highlighting an advantage of pyridylphosphonium salts over cyanopyridines. Cyanopyridines form dearomatized radical anions upon single-electron reduction and participate in photoredox coupling reactions. Pyridylphosphonium salts replicate that reactivity with a broader scope and increase the utility of these processes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Benjamin T Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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26
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Wang F, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Direct α-Alkenylation of Cyclic Amines with Maleimides through Fe(III)-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 2)-H Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11708-11722. [PMID: 34355565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Presented herein is a novel and efficient α-C(sp3)-H alkenylation of cyclic amines with maleimides. Mechanistically, this C(sp3)-H/C(sp2)-H cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction involves a cascade procedure including oxidative α-amino radical formation from the cyclic amine substrate and nucleophilic addition of the in situ formed α-amino radical onto the electron-deficient carbon-carbon double bond of maleimide followed by oxidation and β-elimination. Notably, this direct α-functionalization provides an effective alternative to the conventional ionic reaction mode, in which an imine or iminium intermediate is formed to react with electron-rich coupling partners other than electron-deficient ones. In general, this method features readily available and structurally diverse substrates, a green and economical catalyst, a unique reaction pathway, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, and excellent atom economy. This new reaction enriches the application of Fe(III)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Qianting Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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27
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Bell JD, Murphy JA. Recent advances in visible light-activated radical coupling reactions triggered by (i) ruthenium, (ii) iridium and (iii) organic photoredox agents. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9540-9685. [PMID: 34309610 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox chemistry with organic or transition metal agents has been reviewed in earlier years, but such is the pace of progress that we will overlap very little with earlier comprehensive reviews. This review first presents an overview of the area of research and then examines recent examples of C-C, C-N, C-O and C-S bond formations via radical intermediates with transition metal and organic radical promoters. Recent successes with Birch reductions are also included. The transition metal chemistry will be restricted to photocatalysts based on the most widely used metals, Ru and Ir, but includes coupling chemistries that take advantage of low-valent nickel, or occasionally copper, complexes to process the radicals that are formed. Our focus is on developments in the past 10 years (2011-2021). This period has also seen great advances in the chemistry of organic photoredox reagents and the review covers this area. The review is intended to present highlights and is not comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bell
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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28
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Larionova NA, Ondozabal JM, Smith EG, Cambeiro XC. A Photocatalytic Regioselective Direct Hydroaminoalkylation of Aryl-Substituted Alkenes with Amines. Org Lett 2021; 23:5383-5388. [PMID: 34197124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic method for the α-selective hydroaminoalkylation of cinnamate esters has been developed. The reaction involves the regioselective addition of α-aminoalkyl radicals generated from aniline derivatives or aliphatic amines to the α-position of unsaturated esters. The scope of aromatic alkenes was extended to styrenes undergoing hydroaminoalkylation with anti-Markovnikov selectivity, which confirms the importance of the aromatic group at the β-position. Simple scale-up is demonstrated under continuous flow conditions, highlighting the practicality of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Larionova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Miyatake Ondozabal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Emily G Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Xacobe C Cambeiro
- School of Science, University of Greenwich. Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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29
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Dong J, Liu J, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Metal-, Photocatalyst-, and Light-Free Minisci C-H Acetylation of N-Heteroarenes with Vinyl Ethers. Org Lett 2021; 23:4374-4378. [PMID: 34024106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild, operationally simple method for Minisci C-H acetylation of N-heteroarenes using vinyl ethers as robust, inexpensive acetyl sources. The reactions do not require a conventional photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, metal catalysis, light activation, or high temperature. This method is thus significantly more sustainable than previously reported methods in terms of cost, reagent toxicity, and waste generation. This protocol can be expected to obtain medically relevant molecules from abundant feedstock materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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30
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Ikeda Y, Mandai T, Yonekura K, Shirakawa E. Alkylation of Heteroaryl Chlorides through Homolytic Aromatic Substitution by Alkyl Radicals Derived from Alkyl Formates. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mandai
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Eiji Shirakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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31
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Wu R, Du T, Sun W, Shaginian A, Gao S, Li J, Wan J, Liu G. Functionalization of DNA-Tagged Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light-Induced C–H Activation of N-Aryl Tertiary Amines. Org Lett 2021; 23:3486-3490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Wu
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Tian Du
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Alex Shaginian
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Sen Gao
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiao Wan
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Guansai Liu
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
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32
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Zhou L, Wei S, Lei Z, Zhu G, Zhang Z. Transition-Metal-Free α Csp 3 -H Cyanation of Sulfonamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:7103-7107. [PMID: 33769613 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the site-selective α-functionalization of sulfonylamide derivatives through the in-situ generation of imine intermediates. The N-F sulfonylamides, which could facilitate the elimination to generate imines, are coupled with TBACN to efficiently and mildly afford α-amino cyanides. Comparing with Strecker reaction, this transformation offers a complementary strategy to efficiently construct α-amino cyanides from direct α C-H functionalization of sulfonylamindes. The reaction is also characterized by broad substrate scope and flash chromatography column free workup. More importantly, the new two-electron pathway to generate imines through manipulation of the leaving group allows us to achieve excellent α site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
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33
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Perkins JJ, Shurtleff VW, Johnson AM, El Marrouni A. Synthesis of C6-Substituted Purine Nucleoside Analogues via Late-Stage Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Cross-Coupling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:662-666. [PMID: 33859805 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have been and continue to be extremely important compounds in drug discovery. Despite the significant effort dedicated to their synthesis, medicinal chemistry campaigns around these structures are often hampered by synthetic challenges. We describe a strategy for the functionalization of purine nucleosides via photoredox and nickel-catalyzed sp2-sp3 cross-coupling. The conditions described herein allow for coupling of unprotected nucleosides with readily available alkyl bromides, providing opportunities for their application to parallel medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Perkins
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Valerie W. Shurtleff
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Alayna M. Johnson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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34
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Xu GQ, Xiao TF, Feng GX, Liu C, Zhang B, Xu PF. Metal-Free α-C(sp3)–H Aroylation of Amines via a Photoredox Catalytic Radical–Radical Cross-Coupling Process. Org Lett 2021; 23:2846-2852. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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35
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Targos K, Williams OP, Wickens ZK. Unveiling Potent Photooxidation Behavior of Catalytic Photoreductants. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4125-4132. [PMID: 33724018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a photocatalytic system that reveals latent photooxidant behavior from one of the most reducing conventional photoredox catalysts, N-phenylphenothiazine (PTH). This aerobic photochemical reaction engages difficult to oxidize feedstocks, such as benzene, in C(sp2)-N coupling reactions through direct oxidation. Mechanistic studies are consistent with activation of PTH via photooxidation and with Lewis acid cocatalysts scavenging inhibitors inextricably formed in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Oliver P Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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36
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Patel RI, Sharma S, Sharma A. Cyanation: a photochemical approach and applications in organic synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the photocatalytic cyanation strategies to construct C(sp2)–CN, C(sp3)–CN and X–CN (X = N, S) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan I. Patel
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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37
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Kim J, Kim S, Choi G, Lee GS, Kim D, Choi J, Ihee H, Hong SH. Synthesis of N-aryl amines enabled by photocatalytic dehydrogenation. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1915-1923. [PMID: 34163955 PMCID: PMC8179191 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic dehydrogenation (CD) via visible-light photoredox catalysis provides an efficient route for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. However, access to N-aryl amines, which are widely utilized synthetic moieties, via visible-light-induced CD remains a significant challenge, because of the difficulty in controlling the reactivity of amines under photocatalytic conditions. Here, the visible-light-induced photocatalytic synthesis of N-aryl amines was achieved by the CD of allylic amines. The unusual strategy using C6F5I as an hydrogen-atom acceptor enables the mild and controlled CD of amines bearing various functional groups and activated C-H bonds, suppressing side-reaction of the reactive N-aryl amine products. Thorough mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of single-electron and hydrogen-atom transfers in a well-defined order to provide a synergistic effect in the control of the reactivity. Notably, the back-electron transfer process prevents the desired product from further reacting under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Siin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Geunho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkweon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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38
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Ong DY, Chen JH, Chiba S. Reductive Functionalization of Carboxamides: A Recent Update. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Yiren Ong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia-hua Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Leng
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Joseph M. Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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40
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Ong DY, Fan D, Dixon DJ, Chiba S. Transition-Metal-Free Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Carboxamides and Lactams for α-Branched Amine Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11903-11907. [PMID: 32329555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of α-branched amines by reductive functionalization of tertiary carboxamides and lactams is described. The process relies on the efficient and controlled reduction of tertiary amides by a sodium hydride/sodium iodide composite, in situ treatment of the resulting anionic hemiaminal with trimethylsilyl chloride and subsequent coupling with nucleophilic reagents including Grignard reagents and tetrabutylammonium cyanide. The new method exhibits broad functional-group compatibility, operates under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, and is suitable for various synthetic applications on both sub-millimole and on multigram scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Yiren Ong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Dongyang Fan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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41
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Copper-catalyzed sp3-carbon radical/carbamoyl radical cross coupling: A direct strategy for carbamoylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Gueret R, Pelinski L, Bousquet T, Sauthier M, Ferey V, Bigot A. Visible-Light-Driven CarboxyLic Amine Protocol (CLAP) for the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Piperazines under Batch and Flow Conditions. Org Lett 2020; 22:5157-5162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Gueret
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lydie Pelinski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Till Bousquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Sauthier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Ferey
- PDP Innovation, Sanofi, 371 rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Antony Bigot
- Pre Development Science Chemical Synthesis, Sanofi, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
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43
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Ong DY, Fan D, Dixon DJ, Chiba S. Transition‐Metal‐Free Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Carboxamides and Lactams for α‐Branched Amine Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Yiren Ong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Dongyang Fan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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44
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Walker MM, Koronkiewicz B, Chen S, Houk KN, Mayer JM, Ellman JA. Highly Diastereoselective Functionalization of Piperidines by Photoredox-Catalyzed α-Amino C-H Arylation and Epimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8194-8202. [PMID: 32286827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a photoredox-catalyzed α-amino C-H arylation reaction of highly substituted piperidine derivatives with electron-deficient cyano(hetero)arenes. The scope and limitations of the reaction were explored, with piperidines bearing multiple substitution patterns providing the arylated products in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. To probe the mechanism of the overall transformation, optical and fluorescent spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the reaction. By employing flash-quench transient absorption spectroscopy, we were able to observe electron transfer processes associated with radical formation beyond the initial excited-state Ir(ppy)3 oxidation. Following the rapid and unselective C-H arylation reaction, a slower epimerization occurs to provide the high diastereomer ratio observed for a majority of the products. Several stereoisomerically pure products were resubjected to the reaction conditions, each of which converged to the experimentally observed diastereomer ratios. The observed distribution of diastereomers corresponds to a thermodynamic ratio of isomers based upon their calculated relative energies using density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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45
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Jain A, Ameta C. Novel Way to Harness Solar Energy: Photo-Redox Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002315842002007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Sandfort F, Knecht T, Pinkert T, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Site-Selective Thiolation of (Multi)halogenated Heteroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6913-6919. [PMID: 32237706 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A general and simple strategy for the site-selective thiolation of various pharmaceutically relevant electron-rich heteroarenes with thiols is reported. This mild and reliable photocatalytic protocol enables C-S coupling at the most electron-rich position of the (multi)halogenated substrates, complementing established methodologies. Experimental and computational studies suggest a radical chain mechanism with the key step being a homolytic aromatic substitution of the heteroaryl halide by an electrophilic thiyl radical, highlighting an underdeveloped reactivity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Sandfort
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Knecht
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Pinkert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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47
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Aramaki Y, Imaizumi N, Hotta M, Kumagai J, Ooi T. Exploiting single-electron transfer in Lewis pairs for catalytic bond-forming reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4305-4311. [PMID: 34122888 PMCID: PMC8152713 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A single-electron transfer (SET) between tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) and N,N-dialkylanilines is reported, which is operative via the formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex involving π-orbital interactions as a key intermediate under dark conditions or visible-light irradiation depending on the structure of the aniline derivatives. This inherent SET in the Lewis pairs initiates the generation of the corresponding α-aminoalkyl radicals and their additions to electron-deficient olefins, revealing the ability of B(C6F5)3 to act as an effective one-electron redox catalyst. Radical–ion pair generation from common Lewis pairs and its application to catalytic carbon–carbon bond formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Aramaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Naoki Imaizumi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mao Hotta
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Kumagai
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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48
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Elliott Q, Dos Passos Gomes G, Evoniuk CJ, Alabugin IV. Testing the limits of radical-anionic CH-amination: a 10-million-fold decrease in basicity opens a new path to hydroxyisoindolines via a mixed C-N/C-O-forming cascade. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6539-6555. [PMID: 34094120 PMCID: PMC8159354 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An intramolecular C(sp3)-H amidation proceeds in the presence of t-BuOK, molecular oxygen, and DMF. This transformation is initiated by the deprotonation of an acidic N-H bond and selective radical activation of a benzylic C-H bond towards hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Cyclization of this radical-anion intermediate en route to a two-centered/three-electron (2c,3e) C-N bond removes electron density from nitrogen. As this electronegative element resists such an "oxidation", making nitrogen more electron rich is key to overcoming this problem. This work dramatically expands the range of N-anions that can participate in this process by using amides instead of anilines. The resulting 107-fold decrease in the N-component basicity (and nucleophilicity) doubles the activation barrier for C-N bond formation and makes this process nearly thermoneutral. Remarkably, this reaction also converts a weak reductant into a much stronger reductant. Such "reductant upconversion" allows mild oxidants like molecular oxygen to complete the first part of the cascade. In contrast, the second stage of NH/CH activation forms a highly stabilized radical-anion intermediate incapable of undergoing electron transfer to oxygen. Because the oxidation is unfavored, an alternative reaction path opens via coupling between the radical anion intermediate and either superoxide or hydroperoxide radical. The hydroperoxide intermediate transforms into the final hydroxyisoindoline products under basic conditions. The use of TEMPO as an additive was found to activate less reactive amides. The combination of experimental and computational data outlines a conceptually new mechanism for conversion of unprotected amides into hydroxyisoindolines proceeding as a sequence of C-H amidation and C-H oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Elliott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Gabriel Dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Christopher J Evoniuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
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49
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Trowbridge A, Walton SM, Gaunt MJ. New Strategies for the Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Amines. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2613-2692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Scarlett M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Oncology
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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50
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Dong J, Wang X, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Photoredox‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Minisci C−H Formylation of
N
‐Heteroarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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