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Holman JB, Shi Z, Fadahunsi AA, Li C, Ding W. Advances on microfluidic paper-based electroanalytical devices. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108093. [PMID: 36603801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of the first electrochemical devices on paper substrates, many different reports of microfluidic paper-based electroanalytical devices (μPEDs), innovative hydrophobic barriers and electrode fabrication processes have allowed the incorporation of diverse materials, resulting in different applications and a boost in performance. These advancements have led to the creation of paper-based devices with comparable performance to many standard conventional devices, with the added benefits of pumpless fluidic transport, component separation and reagent storage that can be exploited to automate and handle sample preprocessing. Herein, we review μPEDs, summarize the characteristics and functionalities of μPEDs, such as separation, fluid flow control and storage, and outline the conventional and emerging fabrication and modification approaches for μPEDs. We also examine the recent application of μPEDs in biomedicine, the environment, and food and water safety, as well as some limitations and challenges that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Benjamin Holman
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhengdi Shi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Adeola A Fadahunsi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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2
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Anžlovar A, Žagar E. Cellulose Structures as a Support or Template for Inorganic Nanostructures and Their Assemblies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1837. [PMID: 35683693 PMCID: PMC9182054 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer and deserves the special attention of the scientific community because it represents a sustainable source of carbon and plays an important role as a sustainable energent for replacing crude oil, coal, and natural gas in the future. Intense research and studies over the past few decades on cellulose structures have mainly focused on cellulose as a biomass for exploitation as an alternative energent or as a reinforcing material in polymer matrices. However, studies on cellulose structures have revealed more diverse potential applications by exploiting the functionalities of cellulose such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical materials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials, selective nanostructured membranes, and as a growth template for inorganic nanostructures. This article comprehensively reviews the potential of cellulose structures as a support, biotemplate, and growing vector in the formation of various complex hybrid hierarchical inorganic nanostructures with a wide scope of applications. We focus on the preparation of inorganic nanostructures by exploiting the unique properties and performances of cellulose structures. The advantages, physicochemical properties, and chemical modifications of the cellulose structures are comparatively discussed from the aspect of materials development and processing. Finally, the perspective and potential applications of cellulose-based bioinspired hierarchical functional nanomaterials in the future are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alojz Anžlovar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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3
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Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Modified Paper Electrode as a Biosensing Platform for Detection of the htrA Gene of O. tsutsugamushi. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134366. [PMID: 34202348 PMCID: PMC8271629 DOI: 10.3390/s21134366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The unique structural and electrochemical properties of graphene oxide (GO) make it an ideal material for the fabrication of biosensing devices. Therefore, in the present study, graphene oxide nanoparticles modified paper electrodes were used as a low-cost matrix for the development of an amperometric DNA sensor. The graphene oxide was synthesized using the modified hummers method and drop cast on a screen-printed paper electrode (SPPE) to enhance its electrochemical properties. Further, the GO/SPPE electrode was modified with a 5′NH2 labeled ssDNA probe specific to the htrA gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi using carbodiimide cross-linking chemistry. The synthesized GO was characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD. The layer-by-layer modification of the paper electrode was monitored via FE-SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor response after hybridization with single-stranded genomic DNA (ssGDNA) of O. tsutsugamushi was recorded using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Methylene blue (1 mM in PBS buffer, pH 7.2) was used as a hybridization indicator and [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4 (2.5 mM in PBS buffer, pH 7.2) as a redox probe during electrochemical measurements. The developed DNA sensor shows excellent sensitivity (1228.4 µA/cm2/ng) and LOD (20 pg/µL) for detection of O. tsutsugamushi GDNA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).
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4
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Wang X, Zheng X, Han H, Fan Y, Zhang S, Meng S, Chen S. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from biomass (glucose solution) on Au/CdS nanorods with Au3+ self-reduction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Mazurkiewicz W, Podrażka M, Jarosińska E, Kappalakandy Valapil K, Wiloch M, Jönsson‐Niedziółka M, Witkowska Nery E. Paper‐Based Electrochemical Sensors and How to Make Them (Work). ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Mazurkiewicz
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marta Podrażka
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jarosińska
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Wiloch
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Emilia Witkowska Nery
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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6
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Martín-Yerga D. Electrochemical Detection and Characterization of Nanoparticles with Printed Devices. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E47. [PMID: 30925772 PMCID: PMC6627282 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innovative methods to achieve the user-friendly, quick, and highly sensitive detection of nanomaterials are urgently needed. Nanomaterials have increased importance in commercial products, and there are concerns about the potential risk that they entail for the environment. In addition, detection of nanomaterials can be a highly valuable tool in many applications, such as biosensing. Electrochemical methods using disposable, low-cost, printed electrodes provide excellent analytical performance for the detection of a wide set of nanomaterials. In this review, the foundations and latest advances of several electrochemical strategies for the detection of nanoparticles using cost-effective printed devices are introduced. These strategies will equip the experimentalist with an extensive toolbox for the detection of nanoparticles of different chemical nature and possible applications ranging from quality control to environmental analysis and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100-44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Rafatmah E, Hemmateenejad B. Fabrication of the First Disposable Three‐dimensional Paper‐based Concentration Cell as Ammonia Sensor with a New Method for Paper Hydrophobization by Laser Patterned Parafilm®. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Cui K, Ge S, Cheng X, Yan M, Yu J, Liu H. Flexible Electronics Based on Micro/Nanostructured Paper. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801588. [PMID: 30066444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, a new surge of interest in paper electronics has arisen due to the numerous merits of simple micro/nanostructured substrates. Herein, the latest advances and principal issues in the design and fabrication of paper-based flexible electronics are highlighted. Following an introduction of the fascinating properties of paper matrixes, the construction of paper substrates from diverse functional materials for flexible electronics and their underlying principles are described. Then, notable progress related to the development of versatile electronic devices is discussed. Finally, future opportunities and the remaining challenges are examined. It is envisioned that more design concepts, working principles, and advanced papermaking techniques will be developed in the near future for the advanced functionalization of paper, paving the way for the mass production and commercial applications of flexible paper-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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9
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Lee VBC, Mohd-Naim NF, Tamiya E, Ahmed MU. Trends in Paper-based Electrochemical Biosensors: From Design to Application. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:7-18. [PMID: 29321461 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical bio-sensing using paper-based detection systems is the main focus of this review. The different existing designs of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional sensors, and fabrication techniques are discussed. This review highlights the effect of adopting different sensor designs, distinct fabrication techniques, as well as different modification methods, in order to produce reliable and reproducible reading. The use of various nanomaterials have been demonstrated in order to modify the surface of electrodes during fabrication to further enhance the signal for subsequent analysis. The reviewed sensors were classified into categories based on their applications, such as diagnostics, environmental and food testing. One of the major advantages of using paper-based electrochemical sensors is the potential for miniaturization, which only requires relatively small amount of samples, and the low cost for the purpose of mass production. Additionally, most of the devices reviewed were made to be portable, making them well-suited for on-site detection. Finally, paper-based detection is an ideal platform to fabricate cost-effective, user-friendly and sensitive electrochemical biosensors, with large capacity for customization depending on functional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Bee Chin Lee
- Biosensors and Biotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Eiichi Tamiya
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Biotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam
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10
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Paper-based chemiluminescence immunodevice for the carcinoembryonic antigen by employing multi-enzyme carbon nanosphere signal enhancement. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:187. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Sandbhor Gaikwad P, Banerjee R. Advances in point-of-care diagnostic devices in cancers. Analyst 2018; 143:1326-1348. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01771e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The early diagnosis and monitoring of the progress of cancers are limited due to the lack of adequate screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sandbhor Gaikwad
- Research Scholar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India-400076
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India-400076
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12
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A flexible and disposable battery powered by bacteria using eyeliner coated paper electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:464-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Ma C, Liu H, Zhang L, Li H, Yan M, Song X, Yu J. Multiplexed aptasensor for simultaneous detection of carcinoembryonic antigen and mucin-1 based on metal ion electrochemical labels and Ru(NH 3) 63+ electronic wires. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 99:8-13. [PMID: 28732346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a dual-target electrochemical aptasensor has been developed for simultaneous detection of carcinoembryonic antigen and mucin-1 based on metal ion electrochemical labels and Ru(NH3)63+ electronic wires. When targets are present, the interaction between targets and their respective aptamers leads to the dissociation of double-strand DNA because the targets have higher affinity to its aptamer than the complementary strand. And the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the two targets are realized by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) peaks generated by metal ion electrochemical labels. For the effective loading of a large number of metal ions, Au/bovine serum albumin (Au/BSA) nanospheres are employed as carriers to develop Au/BSA-metal ions. After Ru(NH3)63+ complexes are embedded into double-strand DNA to form the electronic wires, the electrical conductivity and the electron transfer of the detection system are greatly improved. The detection limit of the proposed assay was calculated as 3.33fM ranging from 0.01pM to 100nM. Therefore, this novel sensing assay provides a new and sensitive platform for detecting several targets simultaneously in biochemical research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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14
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Ge S, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Lan F, Yan M, Yu J. Nanomaterials-modified cellulose paper as a platform for biosensing applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4366-4382. [PMID: 28155933 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, paper substrates have attracted tremendous interest from both academia and industry. Not only is paper highly abundant and portable, it is lightweight, disposable, easy-to-use, and can be rolled or folded into 3D configurations. More importantly, with a unique porous bulk structure and rough and absorptive surface properties, the construction of nanomaterials-functionalized cellulose has enabled cellulose paper to be applied for point-of-care (POC) paper devices with reasonably good performance at low cost. In this review, the latest advances in the modification of nanomaterials on paper cellulose are summed up. To begin with, the attractive properties of paper-based analytical devices are described. Then, fabricating methods for the functionalization of cellulose with diverse materials, including noble metals, bimetals, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, and molecular imprinting polymer nanoparticles, as well as their applications, are introduced in detail. Finally, the current critical issues, challenges, and future prospectives for exploring a paper-based analytical system based on nanomaterials-modified cellulose are discussed. It is believed that more strategies will be developed in the future to construct nanomaterials-functionalized cellulose, paving the way for the mass production of POC paper devices with a satisfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenguang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Feifei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Mei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
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15
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Ma C, Liu H, Zhang L, Li L, Yan M, Yu J, Song X. Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Sensitive Detection of Peptides Based on Specific Recognition of Aptamer and Amplification Strategy of Hybridization Chain Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and; Measurement of Building Materials; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute; Jinan 250117 P.R. China
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16
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Yang Y, Noviana E, Nguyen MP, Geiss BJ, Dandy DS, Henry CS. Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices: Emerging Themes and Applications. Anal Chem 2016; 89:71-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eka Noviana
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Michael P. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Brian J. Geiss
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David S. Dandy
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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17
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García-Carmona L, Martín A, Sierra T, González MC, Escarpa A. Electrochemical detectors based on carbon and metallic nanostructures in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:80-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Carmona
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Aida Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Tania Sierra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - María Cristina González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
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18
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Cunningham JC, DeGregory PR, Crooks RM. New Functionalities for Paper-Based Sensors Lead to Simplified User Operation, Lower Limits of Detection, and New Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:183-202. [PMID: 27049635 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, paper analytical devices (PADs) have evolved into sophisticated yet simple sensors with biological and environmental applications in the developed and developing world. The focus of this review is the technological improvements that have over the past five years increased the applicability of PADs to real-world problems. Specifically, this review reports on advances in sample processing, fluid flow control, signal amplification, and component integration. Throughout, we have sought to emphasize advances that retain the main virtues of PADs: low cost, portability, and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul R DeGregory
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224;
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224;
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19
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Lab-on-paper micro- and nano-analytical devices: Fabrication, modification, detection and emerging applications. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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