1
|
Linke P, Munding N, Kimmle E, Kaufmann S, Hayashi K, Nakahata M, Takashima Y, Sano M, Bastmeyer M, Holstein T, Dietrich S, Müller-Tidow C, Harada A, Ho AD, Tanaka M. Reversible Host-Guest Crosslinks in Supramolecular Hydrogels for On-Demand Mechanical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302607. [PMID: 38118064 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are regulated not only by biochemical signals but also by biophysical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is constantly monitored and remodeled because the fate of stem cells can be misdirected when the mechanical interaction between cells and ECM is imbalanced. A well-defined ECM model for bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) based on supramolecular hydrogels containing reversible host-guest crosslinks is fabricated. The stiffness (Young's modulus E) of the hydrogels can be switched reversibly by altering the concentration of non-cytotoxic, free guest molecules dissolved in the culture medium. Fine-adjustment of substrate stiffness enables the authors to determine the critical stiffness level E* at which hMSCs turn the mechano-sensory machinery on or off. Next, the substrate stiffness across E* is switched and the dynamic adaptation characteristics such as morphology, traction force, and YAP/TAZ signaling of hMSCs are monitored. These data demonstrate the instantaneous switching of traction force, which is followed by YAP/TAZ signaling and morphological adaptation. Periodical switching of the substrate stiffness across E* proves that frequent applications of mechanical stimuli drastically suppress hMSC proliferation. Mechanical stimulation across E* level using dynamic hydrogels is a promising strategy for the on-demand control of hMSC transcription and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Munding
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Kimmle
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaufmann
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Cell and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76334, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Holstein
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69221, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akira Harada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit Heidelberg, EMBL and Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beedle AE, Roca-Cusachs P. The reversibility of cellular mechano-activation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102229. [PMID: 37633090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment is highly heterogeneous and dynamic. Therefore, cells must be equipped with molecular tools to adapt and respond to constantly fluctuating inputs. One such input is mechanical force, which activates signalling and regulates cell behaviour in the process of mechanotransduction. Whereas the mechanisms activating mechanotransduction are well studied, the reversibility of this process, whereby cells disassemble and reverse force-activated signalling pathways upon cessation of mechanical stimulation is far less understood. In this review we will outline some of the key experimental techniques to investigate the reversibility of mechanical signalling, and key discoveries arising from them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Em Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brock J, Erhardt J, Eisler SA, Hörning M. Optimization of Mechanosensitive Cross-Talk between Matrix Stiffness and Protein Density: Independent Matrix Properties Regulate Spreading Dynamics of Myocytes. Cells 2022; 11:2122. [PMID: 35805206 PMCID: PMC9265304 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells actively sense differences in topology, matrix elasticity and protein composition of the extracellular microenvironment and adapt their function and morphology. In this study, we focus on the cross-talk between matrix stiffness and protein coating density that regulates morphology and proliferation dynamics of single myocytes. For this, C2C12 myocytes were monitored on L-DOPA functionalized hydrogels of 22 different elasticity and fibronectin density compositions. Static images were recorded and statistically analyzed to determine morphological differences and to identify the optimized extracellular matrix (ECM). Using that information, selected ECMs were used to study the dynamics before and after cell proliferation by statistical comparison of distinct cell states. We observed a fibronectin-density-independent increase of the projected cell area until 12 kPa. Additionally, changes in fibronectin density led to an area that was optimum at about 2.6 μg/cm2, which was confirmed by independent F-actin analysis, revealing a maximum actin-filament-to-cell-area ratio of 7.5%. Proliferation evaluation showed an opposite correlation between cell spreading duration and speed to matrix elasticity and protein density, which did not affect cell-cycle duration. In summary, we identified an optimized ECM composition and found that independent matrix properties regulate distinct cell characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Brock
- Biobased Materials Laboratory, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Julia Erhardt
- Biobased Materials Laboratory, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Stephan A. Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Marcel Hörning
- Biobased Materials Laboratory, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.B.); (J.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barooji YF, Hvid KG, Petitjean II, Brickman JM, Oddershede LB, Bendix PM. Changes in Cell Morphology and Actin Organization in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured under Different Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112859. [PMID: 34831083 PMCID: PMC8616278 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular cytoskeleton provides the cell with a mechanical rigidity that allows mechanical interaction between cells and the extracellular environment. The actin structure plays a key role in mechanical events such as motility or the establishment of cell polarity. From the earliest stages of development, as represented by the ex vivo expansion of naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the critical mechanical role of the actin structure is becoming recognized as a vital cue for correct segregation and lineage control of cells and as a regulatory structure that controls several transcription factors. Naïve ESCs have a characteristic morphology, and the ultrastructure that underlies this condition remains to be further investigated. Here, we investigate the 3D actin cytoskeleton of naïve mouse ESCs using super-resolution optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). We investigate the morphological, cytoskeletal, and mechanical changes in cells cultured in 2i or Serum/LIF media reflecting, respectively, a homogeneous preimplantation cell state and a state that is closer to embarking on differentiation. STORM imaging showed that the peripheral actin structure undergoes a dramatic change between the two culturing conditions. We also detected micro-rheological differences in the cell periphery between the cells cultured in these two media correlating well with the observed nano-architecture of the ESCs in the two different culture conditions. These results pave the way for linking physical properties and cytoskeletal architecture to cell morphology during early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younes F. Barooji
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
| | - Kasper G. Hvid
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
| | - Irene Istúriz Petitjean
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
| | - Joshua M. Brickman
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lene B. Oddershede
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.O.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Poul M. Bendix
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.O.); (P.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Erben A, Hörning M, Hartmann B, Becke T, Eisler SA, Southan A, Cranz S, Hayden O, Kneidinger N, Königshoff M, Lindner M, Tovar GEM, Burgstaller G, Clausen‐Schaumann H, Sudhop S, Heymann M. Precision 3D-Printed Cell Scaffolds Mimicking Native Tissue Composition and Mechanics. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000918. [PMID: 33025765 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular dynamics are modeled by the 3D architecture and mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vice versa. These bidirectional cell-ECM interactions are the basis for all vital tissues, many of which have been investigated in 2D environments over the last decades. Experimental approaches to mimic in vivo cell niches in 3D with the highest biological conformity and resolution can enable new insights into these cell-ECM interactions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion assays. Here, two-photon stereolithography is adopted to print up to mm-sized high-precision 3D cell scaffolds at micrometer resolution with defined mechanical properties from protein-based resins, such as bovine serum albumin or gelatin methacryloyl. By modifying the manufacturing process including two-pass printing or post-print crosslinking, high precision scaffolds with varying Young's moduli ranging from 7-300 kPa are printed and quantified through atomic force microscopy. The impact of varying scaffold topographies on the dynamics of colonizing cells is observed using mouse myoblast cells and a 3D-lung microtissue replica colonized with primary human lung fibroblast. This approach will allow for a systematic investigation of single-cell and tissue dynamics in response to defined mechanical and bio-molecular cues and is ultimately scalable to full organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Erben
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Marcel Hörning
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Bastian Hartmann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Tanja Becke
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stephan A. Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 15 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Séverine Cranz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V Ludwig‐Maximillians‐University Munich Marchioninistr. 15 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University of Colorado Department of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine 13001 E. 17th Pl. Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - Michael Lindner
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University Müllner Hauptstraße 48 Salzburg A‐5020 Austria
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD) Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen‐Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stefanie Sudhop
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics MPI of Biochemistry Martinsried Am Klopferspitz 18 Planegg 82152 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Linke P, Suzuki R, Yamamoto A, Nakahata M, Kengaku M, Fujiwara T, Ohzono T, Tanaka M. Dynamic Contact Guidance of Myoblasts by Feature Size and Reversible Switching of Substrate Topography: Orchestration of Cell Shape, Orientation, and Nematic Ordering of Actin Cytoskeletons. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7538-7551. [PMID: 30376342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological cells in tissues alter their shapes, positions, and orientations in response to dynamic changes in their physical microenvironments. Here, we investigated the dynamic response of myoblast cells by fabricating substrates displaying microwrinkles that can reversibly change their direction within 60 s by axial compression and relaxation. To quantitatively assess the collective order of cells, we introduced the nematic order parameter of cells that takes not only the distribution of cell-wrinkle angles but also the degree of cell elongation into account. On the subcellular level, we also calculated the nematic order parameter of actin cytoskeletons that takes the rearrangement of actin filaments into consideration. The results obtained on substrates with different wrinkle wavelengths implied the presence of a characteristic wavelength beyond which the order parameters of both cells and actin cytoskeletons level off. Immunofluorescence labeling of vinculin showed that the focal adhesions were all concentrated on the peaks of wrinkles when the wavelength is below the characteristic value. On the other hand, we found focal adhesions on both the peaks and the troughs of wrinkles when the wavelength exceeds the characteristic level. The emergence of collective ordering of cytoskeletons and the adaptation of cell shapes and orientations were monitored by live cell imaging after the seeding of cells from suspensions. After the cells had reached the steady state, the orientation of wrinkles was abruptly changed by 90°. The dynamic response of myoblasts to the drastic change in surface topography was monitored, demonstrating the coordination of the shape and orientation of cells and the nematic ordering of actin cytoskeletons. The "dynamic" substrates established in this study can be used as a powerful tool in mechanobiology that helps us understand how cytoskeletons, cells, and cell ensembles respond to dynamic contact guidance cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | | | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 560-8531 Osaka , Japan
| | | | | | - Takuya Ohzono
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute , National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 305-8505 Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Springer R, Zielinski A, Pleschka C, Hoffmann B, Merkel R. Unbiased pattern analysis reveals highly diverse responses of cytoskeletal systems to cyclic straining. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210570. [PMID: 30865622 PMCID: PMC6415792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, actin, microtubules, and various types of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments respond to external stretching. Here, we investigated the underlying processes in endothelial cells plated on soft substrates from silicone elastomer. After cyclic stretch (0.13 Hz, 14% strain amplitude) for periods ranging from 5 min to 8 h, cells were fixed and double-stained for microtubules and either actin or vimentin. Cell images were analyzed by a two-step routine. In the first step, micrographs were segmented for potential fibrous structures. In the second step, the resulting binary masks were auto- or cross-correlated. Autocorrelation of segmented images provided a sensitive and objective measure of orientational and translational order of the different cytoskeletal systems. Aligning of correlograms from individual cells removed the influence of only partial alignment between cells and enabled determination of intrinsic cytoskeletal order. We found that cyclic stretching affected the actin cytoskeleton most, microtubules less, and vimentin mostly only via reorientation of the whole cell. Pharmacological disruption of microtubules had barely any influence on actin ordering. The similarity, i.e., cross-correlation, between vimentin and microtubules was much higher than the one between actin and microtubules. Moreover, prolonged cyclic stretching slightly decoupled the cytoskeletal systems as it reduced the cross-correlations in both cases. Finally, actin and microtubules were more correlated at peripheral regions of cells whereas vimentin and microtubules correlated more in central regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Springer
- Institute of Complex Systems 7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Zielinski
- Institute of Complex Systems 7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Catharina Pleschka
- Institute of Complex Systems 7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Complex Systems 7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Complex Systems 7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Patel S, Fok SYY, Stefen H, Tomanić T, Parić E, Herold R, Brettle M, Djordjevic A, Fath T. Functional characterisation of filamentous actin probe expression in neuronal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187979. [PMID: 29145435 PMCID: PMC5690639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded filamentous actin probes, Lifeact, Utrophin and F-tractin, are used as tools to label the actin cytoskeleton. Recent evidence in several different cell types indicates that these probes can cause changes in filamentous actin dynamics, altering cell morphology and function. Although these probes are commonly used to visualise actin dynamics in neurons, their effects on axonal and dendritic morphology has not been systematically characterised. In this study, we quantitatively analysed the effect of Lifeact, Utrophin and F-tractin on neuronal morphogenesis in primary hippocampal neurons. Our data show that the expression of actin-tracking probes significantly impacts on axonal and dendrite growth these neurons. Lifeact-GFP expression, under the control of a pBABE promoter, caused a significant decrease in total axon length, while another Lifeact-GFP expression, under the control of a CAG promoter, decreased the length and complexity of dendritic trees. Utr261-EGFP resulted in increased dendritic branching but Utr230-EGFP only accumulated in cell soma, without labelling any neurites. Lifeact-7-mEGFP and F-tractin-EGFP in a pEGFP-C1 vector, under the control of a CMV promoter, caused only minor changes in neuronal morphology as detected by Sholl analysis. The results of this study demonstrate the effects that filamentous actin tracking probes can have on the axonal and dendritic compartments of neuronal cells and emphasise the care that must be taken when interpreting data from experiments using these probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrujna Patel
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Y. Y. Fok
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Tomanić
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esmeralda Parić
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosanna Herold
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Djordjevic
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hörning M, Nakahata M, Linke P, Yamamoto A, Veschgini M, Kaufmann S, Takashima Y, Harada A, Tanaka M. Dynamic Mechano-Regulation of Myoblast Cells on Supramolecular Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Reversible Host-Guest Interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7660. [PMID: 28794475 PMCID: PMC5550483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of supramolecular hydrogels, cross-linked by host-guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and adamantane, were designed for the dynamic regulation of cell-substrate interactions. The initial substrate elasticity can be optimized by selecting the molar fraction of host- and guest monomers for the target cells. Moreover, owing to the reversible nature of host-guest interactions, the magnitude of softening and stiffening of the substrate can be modulated by varying the concentrations of free, competing host molecules (βCD) in solutions. By changing the substrate elasticity at a desired time point, it is possible to switch the micromechanical environments of cells. We demonstrated that the Young's modulus of our "host-guest gels", 4-11 kPa, lies in an optimal range not only for static (ex situ) but also for dynamic (in situ) regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal ordering of myoblasts. Compared to other stimulus-responsive materials that can either change the elasticity only in one direction or rely on less biocompatible stimuli such as UV light and temperature change, our supramolecular hydrogel enables to reversibly apply mechanical cues to various cell types in vitro without interfering cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hörning
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akihisa Yamamoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mariam Veschgini
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaufmann
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frequent mechanical stress suppresses proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow without loss of multipotency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24264. [PMID: 27080570 PMCID: PMC4832181 DOI: 10.1038/srep24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicated that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are responsive not only to biochemical but also to physical cues, such as substrate topography and stiffness. To simulate the dynamic structures of extracellular environments of the marrow in vivo, we designed a novel surrogate substrate for marrow derived hMSCs based on physically cross-linked hydrogels whose elasticity can be adopted dynamically by chemical stimuli. Under frequent mechanical stress, hMSCs grown on our hydrogel substrates maintain the expression of STRO-1 over 20 d, irrespective of the substrate elasticity. On exposure to the corresponding induction media, these cultured hMSCs can undergo adipogenesis and osteogenesis without requiring cell transfer onto other substrates. Moreover, we demonstrated that our surrogate substrate suppresses the proliferation of hMSCs by up to 90% without any loss of multiple lineage potential by changing the substrate elasticity every 2nd days. Such “dynamic in vitro niche” can be used not only for a better understanding of the role of dynamic mechanical stresses on the fate of hMSCs but also for the synchronized differentiation of adult stem cells to a specific lineage.
Collapse
|