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Rall JM, Nork L, Engesser TA, Mayländer M, Weber S, Richert S, Krossing I. From the Iron Pentacarbonyl Cation to Heteroleptic η 6-arene Carbonyls and bis-η 6-arene Cations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400105. [PMID: 38299788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Partial ligand substitution at the iron pentacarbonyl radical cation generates novel half-sandwich complexes of the type [Fe(η6-arene)(CO)2]⋅+ (arene=1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, benzene and fluorobenzene). Of those, the bulkier 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene (mes*) derivative [Fe(mes*)(CO)2]⋅+ was fully characterized by XRD analysis, IR, NMR, cw-EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry as the [Al(ORF)4]- (RF=C(CF3)3) salt. Chemical electronation, i. e., the single electron reduction, with decamethylferrocene generates neutral [Fe(mes*)(CO)2], whereas further deelectronation under CO-pressure leads to a dicationic three-legged [Fe(mes*)(CO)3]2+ salt with [Al(ORF)4]- counterion. The full substitution of the carbonyl ligands in [Fe(CO)5]⋅+[Al(ORF)4]- mainly resulted in disproportionation reactions, giving solid Fe(0) and the dicationic bis-arene salts [Fe(η6-arene)2]2+([Al(ORF)4]-)2 (arene=1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, benzene and fluorobenzene). Only by employing the very large fluoride bridged anion [F-{Al(ORF)3}2]-, it was possible to isolate an open shell bis-arene cation salt [Fe(C6H6)2]⋅+[F-{Al(ORF)3}2]-. The highly reactive cation was characterized by XRD analysis, cw-EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The disproportionation of [Fe(C6H6)2]⋅+ salts to give solid Fe(0) and [Fe(C6H6)2]2+ salts was analyzed by a suitable cycle, revealing that the thermodynamic driving force for the disproportionation is a function of the size of the anion used and the polarity of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Rall
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Nork
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias A Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mayländer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Sharma MK, Chabbra S, Wölper C, Weinert HM, Reijerse EJ, Schnegg A, Schulz S. Modulating the frontier orbitals of L(X)Ga-substituted diphosphenes [L(X)GaP] 2 (X = Cl, Br) and their facile oxidation to radical cations. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12643-12650. [PMID: 36519043 PMCID: PMC9645402 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04207j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating the electronic structures of main group element compounds is crucial to control their chemical reactivity. Herein we report on the synthesis, frontier orbital modulation, and one-electron oxidation of two L(X)Ga-substituted diphosphenes [L(X)GaP]2 (X = Cl 2a, Br 2b; L = HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2, Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3). Photolysis of L(Cl)GaPCO 1 gave [L(Cl)GaP]22a, which reacted with Me3SiBr with halide exchange to [L(Br)GaP]22b. Reactions with MeNHC (MeNHC = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) gave the corresponding carbene-coordinated complexes L(X)GaPP(MeNHC)Ga(X)L (X = Cl 3a, Br 3b). DFT calculations revealed that the carbene coordination modulates the frontier orbitals (i.e. HOMO/LUMO) of diphosphenes 2a and 2b, thereby affecting the reactivity of 3a and 3b. In marked contrast to diphosphenes 2a and 2b, the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the carbene-coordinated complexes each show one reversible redox event at E 1/2 = -0.65 V (3a) and -0.36 V (3b), indicating their one-electron oxidation to the corresponding radical cations as was confirmed by reactions of 3a and 3b with the [FeCp2][B(C6F5)4], yielding the radical cations [L(X)GaPP(MeNHC)Ga(X)L]B(C6F5)4 (X = Cl 4a, Br 4b). The unpaired spin in 4a (79%) and 4b (80%) is mainly located at the carbene-uncoordinated phosphorus atoms as was revealed by DFT calculations and furthermore experimentally proven in reactions with n Bu3SnH, yielding the diphosphane cations [L(X)GaPHP(MeNHC)Ga(X)L]B(C6F5)4 (X = Cl 5a, Br 5b). Compounds 2-5 were fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD), and compounds 4a and 4b were further studied by EPR spectroscopy, while their bonding nature was investigated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141 Essen Germany https://www.uni-due.de/ak_schulz/index_en.php
| | - Sonia Chabbra
- EPR Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470 Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141 Essen Germany https://www.uni-due.de/ak_schulz/index_en.php
| | - Hanns M Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141 Essen Germany https://www.uni-due.de/ak_schulz/index_en.php
| | - Edward J Reijerse
- EPR Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470 Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- EPR Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470 Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141 Essen Germany https://www.uni-due.de/ak_schulz/index_en.php
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
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3
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Wang W, Wang Q, Ding X, Liu X, Sun P, Wang X. Synthesis and Chemical Redox Studies of Half-Sandwich Chromium Carbonyl Azobenzenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xuguang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Peiyang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Sharma MK, Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Hinz A, Ghadwal RS. Diphosphene radical cations and dications with a π-conjugated C 2P 2C 2-framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10408-10411. [PMID: 31403648 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the crystalline diphosphene radical cations [{(NHC)C(Ph)}P]2(GaCl4) (NHC = IPr = C{(NDipp)CH}23, SIPr = C{(NDipp)CH2}24; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) and dications [{(NHC)C(Ph)}P]2(GaCl4)2 (NHC = IPr 5, SIPr 6) featuring a π-conjugated C2P2C2-framework has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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5
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Fischer PJ, Senthil S, Stephan JT, Swift ML, Young VG. Seventeen-electron chromium( i)tricarbonyltris(phosphine) complexes supported by tris(phosphinomethyl)phenylborates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16705-16712. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylborates permit isolation of remarkably thermally stable chromium(i)tricarbonyltris(phosphine) complexes, the first crystallographically characterized [Cr(CO)3P3]+ radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor G. Young
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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6
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Wang W, Xu CQ, Fang Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang X. An Isolable Diphosphene Radical Cation Stabilized by Three-Center Three-Electron π-Bonding with Chromium: End-On versus Side-On Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
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7
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Wang W, Xu CQ, Fang Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang X. An Isolable Diphosphene Radical Cation Stabilized by Three-Center Three-Electron π-Bonding with Chromium: End-On versus Side-On Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9419-9424. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
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8
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Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Krummenacher I, Stennett TE. Half-Sandwich Complexes of an Extremely Electron-Donating, Redox-Active η 6-Diborabenzene Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:848-853. [PMID: 29244502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heteroarene 1,4-bis(CAAC)-1,4-diborabenzene (1; CAAC = cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene) reacts with [(MeCN)3M(CO)3] (M = Cr, Mo, W) to yield half-sandwich complexes of the form [(η6-diborabenzene)M(CO)3] (M = Cr (2), Mo (3), W (4)). Investigation of the new complexes with a combination of X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic methods and DFT calculations shows that ligand 1 is a remarkably strong electron donor. In particular, [(η6-arene)M(CO)3] complexes of this ligand display the lowest CO stretching frequencies yet observed for this class of complex. Cyclic voltammetry on complexes 2-4 revealed one reversible oxidation and two reversible reduction events in each case, with no evidence of ring-slippage of the arene to the η4 binding mode. Treatment of 4 with lithium metal in THF led to identification of the paramagnetic complex [(1)W(CO)3]Li·2THF (5). Compound 1 can also be reduced in the absence of a transition metal to its dianion 12-, which possesses a quinoid-type structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050, Gto., Mexico
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tom E Stennett
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Wang W, Li J, Yin L, Zhao Y, Ouyang Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Song Y, Power PP. Half-Sandwich Metal Carbonyl Complexes as Precursors to Functional Materials: From a Near-Infrared-Absorbing Dye to a Single-Molecule Magnet. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12069-12075. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhongwen Ouyang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - You Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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10
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Zheng X, Zhang Z, Tan G, Wang X. An Aliphatic Solvent-Soluble Lithium Salt of the Perhalogenated Weakly Coordinating Anion [Al(OC(CCl3)(CF3)2)4]−. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1008-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Sunada Y, Ishida S, Hirakawa F, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kanegawa S, Sato O, Nagashima H, Iwamoto T. Persistent four-coordinate iron-centered radical stabilized by π-donation. Chem Sci 2016; 7:191-198. [PMID: 28758000 PMCID: PMC5515065 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02601f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinuclear iron carbonyl complex 2, which contains an elongated unsupported Fe-Fe bond, was synthesized by the reaction between Fe2(CO)9 and phosphinyl radical 1. Thermal Fe-Fe bond homolysis led to the generation of a four-coordinate carbonyl-based iron-centered radical, 3, which is stabilized by π-donation. Complex 3 exhibited high reactivity toward organic radicals to form diamagnetic five-coordinate Fe(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sunada
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Fumiya Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Hideo Nagashima
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan.,CREST , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
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