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Li Y, Bakar RA, Roth PJ. Photochemistry of Azide‐functional Polymers: Soluble Sulfoximine Polymers through Selective Nitrene–Sulfoxide Addition. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuman Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Rohani Abu Bakar
- Department of Physics University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom
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Radhakrishnan D, Mohanan S, Choi G, Choy JH, Tiburcius S, Trinh HT, Bolan S, Verrills N, Tanwar P, Karakoti A, Vinu A. The emergence of nanoporous materials in lung cancer therapy. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:225-274. [PMID: 35875329 PMCID: PMC9307116 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2052181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, affecting more than 2.1 million people across the globe every year. A very high occurrence and mortality rate of lung cancer have prompted active research in this area with both conventional and novel forms of therapies including the use of nanomaterials based drug delivery agents. Specifically, the unique physico-chemical and biological properties of porous nanomaterials have gained significant momentum as drug delivery agents for delivering a combination of drugs or merging diagnosis with targeted therapy for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the emergence of nano-porous materials for drug delivery in lung cancer. The review analyses the currently used nanoporous materials, including inorganic, organic and hybrid porous materials for delivering drugs for various types of therapies, including chemo, radio and phototherapy. It also analyses the selected research on stimuli-responsive nanoporous materials for drug delivery in lung cancer before summarizing the various findings and projecting the future of emerging trends. This review provides a strong foundation for the current status of the research on nanoporous materials, their limitations and the potential for improving their design to overcome the unique challenges of delivering drugs for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Radhakrishnan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shan Mohanan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Goeun Choi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Intelligent Nanohybrid Materials Laboratory (INML), Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan31116, Republic of Korea
- College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan31116, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choy
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Intelligent Nanohybrid Materials Laboratory (INML), Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan31116, Republic of Korea
- Course, College of Medicine, Dankook UniversityDepartment of Pre-medical, Cheonan31116, Korea
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama226-8503, Japan
| | - Steffi Tiburcius
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Hoang Trung Trinh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shankar Bolan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Nikki Verrills
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Pradeep Tanwar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Singh R, Sharma A, Saji J, Umapathi A, Kumar S, Daima HK. Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:21. [PMID: 35569081 PMCID: PMC9108129 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Innovations in nanomedicine has guided the improved outcomes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, frequent use of nanomaterials remains challenging due to specific limitations like non-targeted distribution causing low signal-to-noise ratio for diagnostics, complex fabrication, reduced-biocompatibility, decreased photostability, and systemic toxicity of nanomaterials within the body. Thus, better nanomaterial-systems with controlled physicochemical and biological properties, form the need of the hour. In this context, smart nanomaterials serve as promising solution, as they can be activated under specific exogenous or endogenous stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzymes, or a particular biological molecule. The properties of smart nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for various applications like biosensors, controlled drug release, and treatment of various diseases. Recently, smart nanomaterial-based cancer theranostic approaches have been developed, and they are displaying better selectivity and sensitivity with reduced side-effects in comparison to conventional methods. In cancer therapy, the smart nanomaterials-system only activates in response to tumor microenvironment (TME) and remains in deactivated state in normal cells, which further reduces the side-effects and systemic toxicities. Thus, the present review aims to describe the stimulus-based classification of smart nanomaterials, tumor microenvironment-responsive behaviour, and their up-to-date applications in cancer theranostics. Besides, present review addresses the development of various smart nanomaterials and their advantages for diagnosing and treating cancer. Here, we also discuss about the drug targeting and sustained drug release from nanocarriers, and different types of nanomaterials which have been engineered for this intent. Additionally, the present challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in effective cancer diagnosis and therapeutics have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Singh
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, China.
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joel Saji
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akhela Umapathi
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, China
| | - Hemant Kumar Daima
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India.
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Chemically engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles-based intelligent delivery systems for theranostic applications in multiple cancerous/non-cancerous diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li X, Chen XX, Xu Y, Xu XB, Wu WF, Zhao Q, Hu JN. Construction of Glycogen-Based Nanoparticles Loaded with Resveratrol for the Alleviation of High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:409-423. [PMID: 34964604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct a glycogen (Gly)-based nanoparticle (NP) with liver-targeted and redox response to effectively deliver resveratrol (Res) for improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Herein, Gly was modified using α-lipoic acid (α-LA) and lactobionic acid (Lac) to obtain an amphiphilic polymer (Gly-LA-Lac), which was self-assembled in water and then encapsulated in Res to form Res NPs with excellent stability. As expected, the Res NPs exhibited liver-targeted and redox response release behavior. In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the nanocarrier treatment enhanced the cellular uptake of Res and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory factor levels. Meanwhile, the in vivo tests proved that the nanocarriers effectively reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress levels via regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway to improve liver damage in NAFLD mice. In conclusion, this study provides a promising strategy through the construction of Gly-based nanocarriers for the encapsulation of Res to effectively alleviate the process of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Xin Chen
- Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Yu Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Bing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Fei Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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García-Fernández A, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113953. [PMID: 34474094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years, respiratory diseases represent a clinical concern, being included among the leading causes of death in the world due to the lack of effective lung therapies, mainly ascribed to the pulmonary barriers affecting the delivery of drugs to the lungs. In this way, nanomedicine has arisen as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of current therapies for pulmonary diseases. The use of nanoparticles allows enhancing drug bioavailability at the target site while minimizing undesired side effects. Despite different approaches have been developed for pulmonary delivery of drugs, including the use of polymers, lipid-based nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, more efforts are required to achieve effective pulmonary drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the clinical challenges in main lung diseases, as well as highlighted the role of nanomedicine in achieving efficient pulmonary drug delivery. Drug delivery into the lungs is a complex process limited by the anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers of the respiratory system. We discuss how nanomedicine can be useful to overcome these pulmonary barriers and give insights for the rational design of future nanoparticles for enhancing lung treatments. We also attempt herein to display more in detail the potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as promising nanocarrier for pulmonary drug delivery by providing a comprehensive overview of their application in lung delivery to date while discussing the use of these particles for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Das R, Mukhopadhyay B. A brief insight to the role of glyconanotechnology in modern day diagnostics and therapeutics. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108394. [PMID: 34265516 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein and carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are very important for various biological processes. Although the magnitude of these interactions is low compared to that of protein-protein interaction, the magnitude can be boosted by multivalent approach known as glycocluster effect. Nanoparticle platform is one of the best ways to present diverse glycoforms in multivalent manner and thus, the field of glyconanotechnology has emerged as an important field of research considering their potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. Considerable advances in the field have been achieved through development of novel techniques, use of diverse metallic and non-metallic cores for better efficacy and application of ever-increasing number of carbohydrate ligands for site-specific interaction. The present review encompasses the recent developments in the area of glyconanotechnology and their future promise as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
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8
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Thodikayil AT, Sharma S, Saha S. Engineering Carbohydrate-Based Particles for Biomedical Applications: Strategies to Construct and Modify. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2907-2940. [PMID: 35014384 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based micro/nanoparticles have gained significant attention for various biomedical applications such as targeted/triggered/controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, etc., because of their prominent characteristics like biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and nontoxicity as well as nonimmunogenicity. Most importantly, the ability of the nanoparticles to recognize specific cell sites by targeting cell surface receptors makes them a promising candidate for designing a targeted drug delivery system. These particles may either comprise polysaccharides/glycopolymers or be integrated with various polymeric/inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, silica, iron, etc., to reduce the toxicity of the inorganic nanoparticles and thus facilitate their cellular insertion. Various synthetic methods have been developed to fabricate carbohydrate-based or carbohydrate-conjugated inorganic/polymeric nanoparticles. In this review, we have highlighted the recently developed synthetic approaches to afford carbohydrate-based particles along with their significance in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Torres-Pérez SA, Torres-Pérez CE, Pedraza-Escalona M, Pérez-Tapia SM, Ramón-Gallegos E. Glycosylated Nanoparticles for Cancer-Targeted Drug Delivery. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605037. [PMID: 33330106 PMCID: PMC7735155 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are novel platforms that can carry both cancer-targeting molecules and drugs to avoid severe side effects due to nonspecific drug delivery in standard chemotherapy treatments. Cancer cells are characterized by abnormal membranes, metabolic changes, the presence of lectin receptors, glucose transporters (GLUT) overexpression, and glycosylation of immune receptors of programmed death on cell surfaces. These characteristics have led to the development of several strategies for cancer therapy, including a large number of carbohydrate-modified NPs, which have become desirable for use in cell-selective drug delivery systems because they increase nanoparticle-cell interactions and uptake of carried drugs. Currently, the potential of NP glycosylation to enhance the safety and efficacy of carried therapeutic antitumor agents has been widely acknowledged, and much information is accumulating in this field. This review seeks to highlight recent advances in NP stabilization, toxicity reduction, and pharmacokinetic improvement and the promising potential of NP glycosylation from the perspective of molecular mechanisms described for drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. From preclinical proof-of-concept to demonstration of therapeutic value in the clinic, the challenges and opportunities presented by glycosylated NPs, with a focus on their applicability in the development of nanodrugs, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andrés Torres-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cindy Estefani Torres-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- CONACYT-UDIBI-ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Iannazzo D, Celesti C, Espro C. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Cancer Treatment. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e1900422. [PMID: 32618417 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), the latest member of the graphene family, have attracted enormous interest in the last few years, due to their exceptional physical, chemical, electrical, optical, and biological properties. Their strong size-dependent photoluminescence and the presence of many reactive groups on the graphene surface allow their multimodal conjugation with therapeutic agents, targeting ligands, polymers, light responsive agents, fluorescent dyes, and functional nanoparticles, making them valuable agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the very recent advances covering the last 3 years on the applications of GQDs as drug delivery systems and theranostic tools for anticancer therapy are discussed, highlighting the relevant factors which regulate their biocompatibility. Among these factors, the size, kind, and degree of surface functionalization have shown to greatly affect their use in biological systems. Toxicity issues, which still represent an open challenge for the clinical development of GQDs based therapeutic agents, are also discussed at cellular and animal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Consuelo Celesti
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Claudia Espro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, Messina, 98166, Italy
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11
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Pietrzyk-Brzezinska AJ, Bujacz A. H-type lectins - Structural characteristics and their applications in diagnostics, analytics and drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:735-747. [PMID: 32119947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are ubiquitous carbohydrate-binding proteins that interact with sugar moieties in a highly specific manner. H-type lectins represent a new group of lectins that were identified in invertebrates. These lectins share structural homology and bind mainly to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Recent structural studies on the H-type lectins provided a detailed description of the GalNAc-lectin interaction that is already exploited in a number of biomedical applications. Two members of the H-type lectin family, Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) and Helix aspersa agglutinin (HAA), have already been extensively used in many diagnostic tests due their ability to specifically recognize GalNAc. This ability is especially important because aberrant glycosylation patterns of proteins expressed by cancer cells contain GalNAc. In addition, H-type lectins were utilized in diagnostics of other non-cancer diseases and represent great potential as components of drug delivery systems. Here, we present an overview of the H-type lectins and their applications in diagnostics, analytics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Pietrzyk-Brzezinska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, Lodz 90-924, Poland.
| | - Anna Bujacz
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, Lodz 90-924, Poland
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Franconetti A, López Ó, Fernandez-Bolanos JG. Carbohydrates: Potential Sweet Tools Against Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1206-1242. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
:Cancer, one of the most devastating degenerative diseases nowadays, is one of the main targets in Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical industry. Due to the significant increase in the incidence of cancer within world population, together with the complexity of such disease, featured with a multifactorial nature, access to new drugs targeting different biological targets connected to cancer is highly necessary.:Among the vast arsenal of compounds exhibiting antitumor activities, this review will cover the use of carbohydrate derivatives as privileged scaffolds. Their hydrophilic nature, together with their capacity of establishing selective interactions with biological receptors located on cell surface, involved in cell-to-cell communication processes, has allowed the development of an ample number of new templates useful in cancer treatment.:Their intrinsic water solubility has allowed their use as of pro-drug carriers for accessing more efficiently the pharmaceutical targets. The preparation of glycoconjugates in which the carbohydrate is tethered to a pharmacophore has also allowed a better permeation of the drug through cellular membranes, in which selective interactions with the carbohydrate motifs are involved. In this context, the design of multivalent structures (e.g. gold nanoparticles) has been demonstrated to enhance crucial interactions with biological receptors like lectins, glycoproteins that can be involved in cancer progression.:Moreover, the modification of the carbohydrate structural motif, by incorporation of metal complexes, or by replacing their endocyclic oxygen, or carbon atoms with heteroatoms has led to new antitumor agents.:Such diversity of sugar-based templates with relevant antitumor activity will be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Franconetti
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Glyco-nanoparticles: New drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:24-42. [PMID: 31870939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the most common diseases that are associated with high mobility and mortality in the world. Despite several efforts, current cancer treatment modalities often are highly toxic and lack efficacy and specificity. However, the application of nanotechnology has led to the development of effective nanosized drug delivery systems which are highly selective for tumors and allow a slow release of active anticancer agents. Different Nanoparticles (NPs) such as the silicon-based nano-materials, polymers, liposomes and metal NPs have been designed to deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumor sites. Among different drug delivery systems, carbohydrate-functionalized nanomaterials, specially based on their multi-valent binding capacities and desirable bio-compatibility, have attracted considerable attention as an excellent candidate for controlled release of therapeutic agents. In addition, these carbohydrate functionalized nano-carriers are more compatible with construction of the intracellular delivery platforms like the carbohydrate-modified metal NPs, quantum dots, and magnetic nano-materials. In this review, we discuss recent research in the field of multifunctional glycol-nanoparticles (GNPs) intended for cancer drug delivery applications.
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Višnjar T, Romih R, Zupančič D. Lectins as possible tools for improved urinary bladder cancer management. Glycobiology 2019; 29:355-365. [PMID: 30689891 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in developed countries with poor prognosis and outcome for the patient due to the challenging diagnosis and limited treatment possibilities. Bladder cancer arises mainly from urothelial cells lining the lumen. Urothelial cells form a three- to five-layered urothelium, which maintains the blood-urine barrier. The carbohydrates that cover the apical surface of superficial urothelial cells, i.e. umbrella cells, are crucial for this function. The composition of the carbohydrate covering is altered during urothelial cancer transformation. These bladder cancer-associated carbohydrate changes are a promising field for diagnosis, therapy and management. Lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins, can be used to detect subtle alterations in carbohydrate composition during urothelial cancer transformation. Extensive research into various lectin applications has already been conducted, but the results are often contradictory and confusing. None of these applications have reached clinical trials. We review the literature and discuss (i) current bladder cancer management, (ii) lectin-based assays for detection of various cancer subtypes, (iii) lectin-based strategies for innovative bladder cancer treatment and finally (iv) lectins in nanotheranostics for personalized bladder cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Višnjar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dos Santos Silva PM, Albuquerque PBS, de Oliveira WF, Coelho LCBB, Dos Santos Correia MT. Glycosylation products in prostate diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 498:52-61. [PMID: 31400314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although prostate cancer is notable for its high incidence and mortality in men worldwide, its identification remains a challenge. Biomarkers have been useful tools for the specific detection of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, benign prostate diseases cause similar alterations in screening assays thus reducing the potential for early and specific diagnosis. Changes in glycan and glycoprotein expression have often been associated with the onset and progression of cancer. Abnormal glycans and glycoproteins have been reported as new biomarkers of prostate metabolism that can distinguish benign prostate disease and cancer in non-aggressive and aggressive stages. Carbohydrate-binding proteins known as lectins have been valuable tools to detect these changes, investigate potential biomarkers and improve our understanding aberrant glycosylation in cancer. Here we review progress in elucidating prostate disease and discuss the roles of glycans in the differential detection of benign and cancerous prostate disease. We also summarize the lectin-based tools for detecting glycosylation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Marcelino Dos Santos Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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16
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Bernardos A, Piacenza E, Sancenón F, Hamidi M, Maleki A, Turner RJ, Martínez-Máñez R. Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900669. [PMID: 31033214 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the main cause of chronic infections and even mortality. In fact, due to extensive use of antibiotics and, then, emergence of antibiotic resistance, treatment of such infections by conventional antibiotics has become a major concern worldwide. One of the promising strategies to treat infection diseases is the use of nanomaterials. Among them, mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) have attracted burgeoning attention due to high surface area, tunable pore/particle size, and easy surface functionalization. This review discusses how one can exploit capacities of MSMs to design and fabricate multifunctional/controllable drug delivery systems (DDSs) to combat bacterial infections. At first, the emergency of bacterial and biofilm resistance toward conventional antimicrobials is described and then how nanoparticles exert their toxic effects upon pathogenic cells is discussed. Next, the main aspects of MSMs (e.g., physicochemical properties, multifunctionality, and biosafety) which one should consider in the design of MSM-based DDSs against bacterial infections are introduced. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of all the papers published dealing with the use of MSMs for delivery of antibacterial chemicals (antimicrobial agents functionalized/adsorbed on mesoporous silica (MS), MS-loaded with antimicrobial agents, gated MS-loaded with antimicrobial agents, MS with metal-based nanoparticles, and MS-loaded with metal ions) is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bernardos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, València, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, València, Spain
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, València, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, València, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigacion en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, València, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, València, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigacion en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Naz S, Wang M, Han Y, Hu B, Teng L, Zhou J, Zhang H, Chen J. Enzyme-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tumor cells and mitochondria multistage-targeted drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2533-2542. [PMID: 31114189 PMCID: PMC6497824 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s202210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug delivery systems (DDS) capable of targeting both cell and organelle levels are highly desirable for effective cancer therapy. In this study, we developed a novel enzyme-responsive, multistage-targeted anticancer DDS based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which possessed both CD44-targeting and mitochondrial-targeting properties. Materials and methods: Triphenylphosphine (TPP), a mitochondria-targeting compound, was grafted onto the surface of MSNs firstly. Then, Doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated into the pore of MSNs, followed by capping with tumor-targeting molecules hyaluronic acid (HA) through electrostatic interactions to form the final product consist of Dox loaded, TPP attached, HA capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-DPH). Results: Our results suggested that MSN-DPH was preferentially taken up by cancer cells via CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, MSN-DPH mainly accumulated in mitochondria owing to the mitochondrial-targeting ability of TPP. Degradation of HA by overexpressed HAase facilitated the release of Dox in cancer cells. Thus, MSN-DPH efficiently killed the cancer cells while exhibited much lower cytotoxicity to normal cells. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a promising multistage-targeted DDS for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Naz
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuning Han
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Teng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Zhang X, Huang G, Huang H. The glyconanoparticle as carrier for drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1840-1845. [PMID: 30799659 PMCID: PMC7011877 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1519001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The glyconanoparticle (GlycoNP) has multiple effects and has important applications in drug delivery and bioimaging. It not only has the advantages of nano drug delivery system but also utilizes the characteristics of multivalent interaction of sugar, which greatly improves the targeting of drug delivery. Herein, the application of GlycoNP in drug delivery was analyzed and discussed, the solution to its problem was proposed, and its prospects were forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hualiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Zhou J, Wang M, Ying H, Su D, Zhang H, Lu G, Chen J. Extracellular Matrix Component Shelled Nanoparticles as Dual Enzyme-Responsive Drug Delivery Vehicles for Cancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2404-2411. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huiyan Ying
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dandan Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guozhong Lu
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital with Nantong University, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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20
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Yan S, Gao Z, Xia Y, Liao X, Han J, Pan C, Zhang Y, Zhai W. Aggregation‐Induced Emission Gemini Surfactant‐Assisted Fabrication of Shape‐Controlled Fluorescent Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
| | - Zhinong Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xueming Liao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
| | - Jia Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yingfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
| | - Wenzhong Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education of China 430072 Wuhan Hubei P. R. China
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21
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Dutta Chowdhury A, Ganganboina AB, Tsai YC, Chiu HC, Doong RA. Multifunctional GQDs-Concanavalin A@Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites for cancer cells detection and targeted drug delivery. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1027:109-120. [PMID: 29866260 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites containing intrinsic property for serving as the sensing elements as well as targeted nanoconjugates are highly preferred in various therapeutic applications. In this work, nanocomposites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and Fe3O4 with conjugation of lectin protein, concanavalin A, to form GQD-ConA@Fe3O4 nanocomposites are developed for both detection of cancer cell and release of drugs to HeLa cells. The GQD-ConA@Fe3O4 nanocomposites deposited on Pt electrode can detect cancerous HeLa cells over normal endothelial cells with a dynamic linear range of 5 × 102 to 1 × 105 cells mL-1 with a detection limit of 273 cell mL-1. The GQD-ConA@Fe3O4 also can serve as nanocarriers for loading and delivering doxorubicin (Dox). The in vitro cell images show that the Dox concentration in HeLa cells is enhanced more than double in the presence of external magnetic field due to the incorporation of Fe3O4 in the nanocarrier. The cytotoxicity assay indicates that the susceptibility of cancerous HeLa cells to Dox is 13% higher than that of normal cells, confirming the selective role of ConA in nanocarriers. Results clearly indicate the GQD-ConA@Fe3O4 nanocomposites as a promising material for cancer cell detection and targeted Dox release toward HeLa cells which can serve as the multifunctional platform for novel cancer cell diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Dutta Chowdhury
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Akhilesh Babu Ganganboina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Chung Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Timmer BJJ, Flos MA, Jørgensen LM, Proverbio D, Altun S, Ramström O, Aastrup T, Vincent SP. Spatially well-defined carbohydrate nanoplatforms: synthesis, characterization and lectin interaction study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12326-12329. [PMID: 27711353 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two novel dodecasubstituted carbohydrate nanoplatforms based on molecular Borromean rings and dodecaamine cages have been prepared for use in evaluating the importance of the spatial distribution of carbohydrates in their interaction with lectins. The binding affinities of the glyconanoplatforms were characterized using quartz crystal microbalance technology and compared with a monovalent reference and dodecaglycosylated fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J J Timmer
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Teknikringen 36, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Abellán Flos
- University of Namur, Départment de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | | | - D Proverbio
- Attana AB, Björnnäsvägen 21, SE-114 19 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - S Altun
- Attana AB, Björnnäsvägen 21, SE-114 19 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - O Ramström
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Teknikringen 36, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - T Aastrup
- Attana AB, Björnnäsvägen 21, SE-114 19 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - S P Vincent
- University of Namur, Départment de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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23
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Croissant JG, Fatieiev Y, Almalik A, Khashab NM. Mesoporous Silica and Organosilica Nanoparticles: Physical Chemistry, Biosafety, Delivery Strategies, and Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29193848 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Predetermining the physico-chemical properties, biosafety, and stimuli-responsiveness of nanomaterials in biological environments is essential for safe and effective biomedical applications. At the forefront of biomedical research, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles are increasingly investigated to predict their biological outcome by materials design. In this review, it is first chronicled that how the nanomaterial design of pure silica, partially hybridized organosilica, and fully hybridized organosilica (periodic mesoporous organosilicas) governs not only the physico-chemical properties but also the biosafety of the nanoparticles. The impact of the hybridization on the biocompatibility, protein corona, biodistribution, biodegradability, and clearance of the silica-based particles is described. Then, the influence of the surface engineering, the framework hybridization, as well as the morphology of the particles, on the ability to load and controllably deliver drugs under internal biological stimuli (e.g., pH, redox, enzymes) and external noninvasive stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic, ultrasound) are presented. To conclude, trends in the biomedical applications of silica and organosilica nanovectors are delineated, such as unconventional bioimaging techniques, large cargo delivery, combination therapy, gaseous molecule delivery, antimicrobial protection, and Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G. Croissant
- Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of New Mexico; 210 University Blvd NE Albuquerque NM 87131-0001 USA
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials; Advanced Materials Laboratory; University of New Mexico; MSC04 2790, 1001 University Blvd SE Suite 103 Albuquerque NM 87106 USA
| | - Yevhen Fatieiev
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs); Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal Riyadh KSA 11442 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- Life sciences and Environment Research Institute; Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine (CENM); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST); Riyadh 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs); Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal Riyadh KSA 11442 Saudi Arabia
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24
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Dosekova E, Filip J, Bertok T, Both P, Kasak P, Tkac J. Nanotechnology in Glycomics: Applications in Diagnostics, Therapy, Imaging, and Separation Processes. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:514-626. [PMID: 27859448 PMCID: PMC5659385 DOI: 10.1002/med.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively covers the most recent achievements (from 2013) in the successful integration of nanomaterials in the field of glycomics. The first part of the paper addresses the beneficial properties of nanomaterials for the construction of biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and protocols for the detection of various analytes, including viruses and whole cells, together with their key characteristics. The second part of the review focuses on the application of nanomaterials integrated with glycans for various biomedical applications, that is, vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and cancer cells, as therapeutic agents, for in vivo imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and for selective drug delivery. The final part of the review describes various ways in which glycan enrichment can be effectively done using nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers with polymer thickness controlled at the nanoscale, with a subsequent analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry. A short section describing an active glycoprofiling by microengines (microrockets) is covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dosekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Peter Both
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
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25
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Wen J, Yang K, Liu F, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Diverse gatekeepers for mesoporous silica nanoparticle based drug delivery systems. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6024-6045. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Progress on the design of diverse gatekeepers for mesoporous silica nanoparticle based drug delivery systems is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Kui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
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Marquez DT, Scaiano JC. Visible and Near-Infrared Plasmon-Mediated Molecular Release from Cucurbit[6]uril Mesoporous Gated Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13764-13770. [PMID: 27936764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Several hybrid mesoporous materials were synthesized in order to obtain a drug/cargo delivery system in which it is possible to control both the start and rate of the cargo release via surface plasmon (SPR) excitation. The successful incorporation of a thermoresponsive gate based on a cucurbit[6]uril-hexamethylene diamine (CB6-Hex) host-guest complex conferred the system with the desired "zero" premature release. This feature combined with the incorporation of gold nanorods (AuNR) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) capable of acting as a heat source upon SPR excitation enabled a controlled cargo release system active to green and NIR irradiation. The results obtained prove that it is possible to disassemble the CB6-Hex gate complex in a few minutes using either green or NIR irradiation in order to activate the system and start the release process (that can take hours), as well as to further control the diffusion of Naproxen as a model drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela T Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 10, Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Juan C Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 10, Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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Kong N, Xie S, Zhou J, Menéndez M, Solís D, Park J, Proietti G, Ramström O, Yan M. Catalyst-Free Cycloaddition Reaction for the Synthesis of Glyconanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28136-28142. [PMID: 27649792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new conjugation method for the immobilization of carbohydrates on nanomaterials was demonstrated simply by mixing perfluorophenyl azide-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SNPs), an amine-derivatized carbohydrate, and phenylacetaldehyde under ambient conditions without any catalyst. The density of carbohydrates on the glyconanoparticles was determined using the quantitative 19F NMR (19F qNMR) technique; for example, the density of d-mannose (Man) on Man-SNPs was 2.5 ± 0.2 × 10-16 nmol/nm2. The glyconanoparticles retained their binding affinity and selectivity toward cognate lectins. The apparent dissociation constant of the glyconanoparticles was measured by a fluorescence competition assay, where the binding affinity of Man-SNPs was almost 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of Man with concanavalin A. Moreover, even with a ligand density of 2.6 times lower than Man-SNPs synthesized by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, the binding affinity of Man-SNPs prepared by the current method was more than 4 times higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kong
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - JaeHyeung Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Giampiero Proietti
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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28
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Prasad R, Aiyer S, Chauhan DS, Srivastava R, Selvaraj K. Bioresponsive carbon nano-gated multifunctional mesoporous silica for cancer theranostics. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4537-4546. [PMID: 26753966 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Designing bioresponsive nanocarriers for controlled and efficient intracellular drug release for cancer therapy is a major thrust area in nanomedicine. With recent recognition by the US FDA as a safe material for human trials, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are being extensively explored as promising theranostic agents. Green fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs), though known as possible alternatives for their more toxic and relatively less efficient predecessors, are less known as gate keepers for drug release control. We report for the first time an efficient bioresponse of CQDs when judiciously designed using glutathione cleavable (redox responsive) disulphide bonds. When the anticancer drug doxorubicin loaded MSNPs are capped with these CQDs, they display promising drug release control on exposure to a mimicked intracellular cancer environment. Their dual functionality is well established with good control on preventing the premature release and exceptional bio-imaging of HeLa cancer cells. Fluorescence images prove selective targeting of HeLa cells by overexpression of folate receptors from the surface functionalised folic acid ligand. Extensive characterisation using XRD, TEM, BET analysis, drug loading tests, drug release kinetics, MTT assay and fluoroscence cell imaging helps in understanding the multifunctionalities of the successful design, extending its scope with exciting prospects towards non-invasive targeted drug delivery and bio-imaging for effective cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India and Nano and Computational Materials Lab, Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Sandhya Aiyer
- Nano and Computational Materials Lab, Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Deepak S Chauhan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Kaliaperumal Selvaraj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India and Nano and Computational Materials Lab, Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.
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29
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Hao N, Neranon K, Ramström O, Yan M. Glyconanomaterials for biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:113-30. [PMID: 26212205 PMCID: PMC4637221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials constitute a class of structures that have unique physiochemical properties and are excellent scaffolds for presenting carbohydrates, important biomolecules that mediate a wide variety of important biological events. The fabrication of carbohydrate-presenting nanomaterials, glyconanomaterials, is of high interest and utility, combining the features of nanoscale objects with biomolecular recognition. The structures can also produce strong multivalent effects, where the nanomaterial scaffold greatly enhances the relatively weak affinities of single carbohydrate ligands to the corresponding receptors, and effectively amplifies the carbohydrate-mediated interactions. Glyconanomaterials are thus an appealing platform for biosensing applications. In this review, we discuss the chemistry for conjugation of carbohydrates to nanomaterials, summarize strategies, and tabulate examples of applying glyconanomaterials in in vitro and in vivo sensing applications of proteins, microbes, and cells. The limitations and future perspectives of these emerging glyconanomaterials sensing systems are furthermore discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Kitjanit Neranon
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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Hockl PF, Wolosiuk A, Pérez-Sáez JM, Bordoni AV, Croci DO, Toum-Terrones Y, Soler-Illia GJAA, Rabinovich GA. Glyco-nano-oncology: Novel therapeutic opportunities by combining small and sweet. Pharmacol Res 2016; 109:45-54. [PMID: 26855319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts toward defining the molecular features of the tumor microenvironment have revealed dramatic changes in the expression of glycan-related genes including glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. These changes affect glycosylation of proteins and lipids not only in cancer cells themselves, but also in cancer associated-stromal, endothelial and immune cells. These glycan alterations including increased frequency of β1,6-branched N-glycans and bisecting N-glycans, overexpression of tumor-associated mucins, preferred expression of T, Tn and sialyl-Tn antigen and altered surface sialylation, may contribute to tumor progression by masking or unmasking specific ligands for endogenous lectins, including members of the C-type lectin, siglec and galectin families. Differential expression of glycans or glycan-binding proteins could be capitalized for the identification of novel biomarkers and might provide novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the biological relevance of lectin-glycan interactions in the tumor microenvironment (mainly illustrated by the immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic activities of galectin-1) and the design of functionalized nanoparticles for pharmacological delivery of multimeric glycans, lectins or selective inhibitors of lectin-glycan interactions with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F Hockl
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Wolosiuk
- Gerencia Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea V Bordoni
- Gerencia Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de correo 56, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Yamili Toum-Terrones
- Gerencia Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Argentina
| | - Galo J A A Soler-Illia
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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