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Cuerva C, Cano M, Lodeiro C. Advanced Functional Luminescent Metallomesogens: The Key Role of the Metal Center. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12966-13010. [PMID: 34370446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of liquid crystals for the fabrication of displays incorporated in technological devices (TVs, calculators, screens of eBook's, tablets, watches) demonstrates the relevance that these materials have had in our way of living. However, society evolves, and improved devices are looked for as we create a more efficient and safe technology. In this context, metallomesogens can behave as multifunctional materials because they can combine the fluidic state of the mesophases with properties such as photo and electroluminescence, which offers new exciting possibilities in the field of optoelectronics, energy, environment, and even biomedicine. Herein, it has been established the role of the molecular geometry induced by the metal center in metallomesogens to achieve the self-assembly required in the liquid-crystalline mesophase. Likewise, the effect of the coordination environment in metallomesogens has been further analyzed because of its importance to induce mesomorphism. The structural analysis has been combined with an in-depth discussion of the properties of these materials, including their current and potential future applications. This review will provide a solid background to stimulate the development of novel and attractive metallomesogens that allow designing improved optoelectronic and microelectronic components. Additionally, nanoscience and nanotechnology could be used as a tool to approach the design of nanosystems based on luminescent metallomesogens for use in bioimaging or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.,PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madam Parque, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Al-Asbahi BA. Influence of SiO₂/TiO₂ Nanocomposite on the Optoelectronic Properties of PFO/MEH-PPV-Based OLED Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E800. [PMID: 30960725 PMCID: PMC6403628 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of SiO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on poly(9,9'-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) and various amounts of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene) (MEH-PPV) was investigated. Prior to the fabrication of the OLEDs on indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates, the hybrids of PFO/MEH-PPV, in the presence and absence of the SiO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites, were prepared via the solution blending technique. Improvement of the performances of the devices in the presence of the SiO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites was detected. The existence of the SiO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites led to better charge carrier injection and, thus, a significant reduction in the turn-on voltage of the devices. The enhancement of MEH-PPV electroluminescence peaks in the hybrids in the presence of SiO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites is not only a result of the Förster resonance energy transfer, but also of hole-electron recombination, which is of greater significance. Moreover, the existence of the SiO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites led to a shift of the CIE chromaticity coordinates of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Suzuki T, Okada H, Nakagawa T, Komatsu K, Fujimoto C, Kagi H, Matsuo Y. A fluorenylidene-acridane that becomes dark in color upon grinding - ground state mechanochromism by conformational change. Chem Sci 2017; 9:475-482. [PMID: 29619203 PMCID: PMC5868075 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report mechanochromic color change controlled by conformational change (folded and twisted conformers) of fluorenylidene-acridanes (FAs).
We report mechanochromic color change controlled by conformational change (between folded and twisted conformers) of fluorenylidene-acridanes (FAs). FAs with four N-alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, n-butyl and n-octyl) were synthesized via the Barton–Kellogg reaction of diazofluorene and electrophilic N-tert-butoxy carbonyl thioacridone, deprotection of the tert-butoxy carbonyl group gives fluorenylacridine, and alkylation on the nitrogen atom is done using alkyl tosylate or triflate. FAs were characterized by NMR, UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, theoretical calculation, cyclic voltammetry, and powder and single-crystal X-ray analyses. The color and folded/twisted conformation of the FAs were changed by the choice of substituent on the nitrogen atom, physical state (solution or solid), and morphology (crystalline or amorphous). Grinding of N-methyl FA solids, using an agate mortar, caused the morphology to change from a crystalline to amorphous state, which induced a conformational change from the folded to the twisted conformer, and a mechanochromic color change from yellow to dark green. The reverse color change, along with a morphological and conformational change to the folded conformer, was performed by solvent vapor exposure (chloroform). The twisted and folded conformers showed ambipolar (hole/electron) and hole-only transport properties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8565 , Japan .
| | - Takafumi Nakagawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8565 , Japan .
| | - Kazuki Komatsu
- Geochemical Research Center , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Chikako Fujimoto
- Geochemical Research Center , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagi
- Geochemical Research Center , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8565 , Japan . .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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Cuerva C, Campo JA, Cano M, Schmidt R. Nanostructured discotic Pd(ii) metallomesogens as one-dimensional proton conductors. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:96-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bis(isoquinolinylpyrazolate) Pd(ii) metallomesogens may be a promising step forward in the design of highly-stable proton conducting water-free electrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - José A. Campo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Rainer Schmidt
- GFMC. Departamento de Física Aplicada III
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
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Cuerva C, Campo JA, Cano M, Lodeiro C. Platinum(II) Metallomesogens: New External-Stimuli-Responsive Photoluminescence Materials. Chemistry 2016; 22:10168-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José A. Campo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Research Group; UCIBIO@REQUIMTE; Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science and Technology; University NOVA of Lisbon; Caparica Campus 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society; Rua dos Inventores, Madam Parque, Caparica Campus 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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