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Jin D, Huang NN, Wei JX. Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin: insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201404. [PMID: 37383714 PMCID: PMC10293652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural compound derived from Mylabris, is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for its potent anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is restricted due to its high toxicity, particularly towards the liver. This review provides a concise understanding of the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and highlights novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate its toxicity while enhancing its anticancer efficacy. We systematically explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CTD-induced hepatotoxicity, focusing on the involvement of apoptotic and autophagic processes in hepatocyte injury. We further discuss the endogenous and exogenous pathways implicated in CTD-induced liver damage and potential therapeutic targets. This review also summarizes the structural modifications of CTD derivatives and their impact on anticancer activity. Additionally, we delve into the advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that hold promise in overcoming the limitations of CTD derivatives. By offering valuable insights into the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and outlining potential avenues for future research, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop safer and more effective CTD-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na-Na Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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2
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Farooq MA, Trevaskis NL. TPGS Decorated Liposomes as Multifunctional Nano-Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 2023; 40:245-263. [PMID: 36376604 PMCID: PMC9663195 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are sphere-shaped vesicles that can capture therapeutics either in the outer phospholipid bilayer or inner aqueous core. Liposomes, especially when surface-modified with functional materials, have been used to achieve many benefits in drug delivery, including improving drug solubility, oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and delivery to disease target sites such as cancers. Among the functional materials used to modify the surface of liposomes, the FDA-approved non-ionic surfactant D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) is increasingly being applied due to its biocompatibility, lack of toxicity, applicability to various administration routes and ability to enhance solubilization, stability, penetration and overall pharmacokinetics. TPGS decorated liposomes are emerging as a promising drug delivery system for various diseases and are expected to enter the market in the coming years. In this review article, we focus on the multifunctional properties of TPGS-coated liposomes and their beneficial therapeutic applications, including for oral drug delivery, vaccine delivery, ocular administration, and the treatment of various cancers. We also suggest future directions to optimise the manufacture and performance of TPGS liposomes and, thus, the delivery and effect of encapsulated diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Farooq
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Kumari S, Dhiman P, Singh D, Saneja A. R-α-Lipoic Acid Conjugated to d-α-Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Antiseizure Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7674-7682. [PMID: 35713421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA), a dithiol micronutrient, acts as a vital cofactor in various cellular catabolic reactions and is also known as a universal antioxidant. The therapeutic efficacy of LA is compromised by a poor aqueous solubility as well as a short half-life. In the present study, LA was conjugated to d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) using carbodiimideacid-alcohol coupling reaction. The synthesized conjugate (TPGS-LA) was characterized using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The TPGS-LA conjugate was demonstrated to be biocompatible and to have better anticonvulsion activity as compared to native LA in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsions in zebrafish. Moreover, zebrafish larvae pretreated with TPGS-LA conjugate demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of protein carbonylation levels and downregulation of c-fos expression during seizures as compared to native LA. Conclusively, the present findings demonstrate that the TPGS-LA conjugate can be a promising approach for the delivery of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Kumari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Dhiman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sun S, Shang E, Ju A, Li Y, Wu Q, Li Q, Yang Y, Guo Y, Yang D, Lv S. Tumor-targeted hyaluronic acid-mPEG modified nanostructured lipid carriers for cantharidin delivery: An in vivo and in vitro study. Fitoterapia 2021; 155:105033. [PMID: 34517057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cantharidin (CTD), the major component of the anti-cancer medicine obtained from Mylabris cichorii, exerts good inhibitory effects on several cancers, such as liver and breast cancer. However, owing to its toxicity, its oral administration can cause various adverse effects, limiting its clinical applications. Therefore, the development of a novel nano-drug delivery system for CTD would be highly beneficial. METHODS A nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was designed to actively target CTD to tumor cells using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-decorated copolymer (mPEG-NH2); the NLCs were called HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC. HA-mPEG was synthesized using amidation, and HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC was generated through ultrasonic emulsification in water. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was approximately 119.3 nm. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the half-life of HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC and its area under the curve were higher than those of a CTD solution. Further, the plasma clearance rate of HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC was 0.41 times that of the CTD solution, implying a significantly prolonged drug retention time in vivo. Fluorescence in vivo endo-microscopy and optical in vivo imaging revealed that HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC had superior cytotoxicity and targeting efficacy against SMMC-7721 cells. An evaluation of the in vivo anti-tumor activity showed that HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice, with a tumor inhibition rate of 65.96%. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC may have great potential in liver cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Eryu Shang
- Fire Control Room, Heilongjiang Forest Protection Institute, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Aixia Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yalun Li
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dayu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shaowa Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Kayani Z, Bordbar AK, Firuzi O. Novel folic acid-conjugated doxorubicin loaded β-lactoglobulin nanoparticles induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:945-956. [PMID: 30257407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy constitutes the main strategy in management of breast cancer (BC). Lack of specificity and high burden of adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents remain the most important impediments to successful treatment of BC patients. Folate receptor α (FRα) could be very promising for therapeutic targeting in this type of cancer. In this study, ß-lactoglobulin nanoparticles (BNPs) conjugated with folic acid and loaded with doxorubicin (FDBNPs) were prepared. Various characterization techniques were applied to determine the size, polydispersity and doxorubicin loading of prepared FDBNPs in comparison with doxorubicin-loaded BNPs (DBNPs). The results showed that FDBNPs are 109.77 ± 2.80 nm in diameter with well dispersed and spherical shapes. The biodegradation of FDBNPs in the presence of trypsin enzyme and in PBS at different pH (4 and 7) was spectrophotometrically monitored and the results showed that the FDBNPs with encapsulation efficiency of 68.82%±1.76% could deliver doxorubicin at clinically relevant doses. Effects of DBNPs and FDBNPs against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, BC and triple negative BC (TNBC) cell lines, respectively, showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation as well as induction of apoptosis. Based on these findings, FDBNPs with facilitated drug release and targeted doxorubicin delivery capacities could have high therapeutic potential for BC and TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kayani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | | | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71345-3388, Iran.
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Tan S, Zou C, Zhang W, Yin M, Gao X, Tang Q. Recent developments in d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-succinate-based nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1831-1842. [PMID: 29182031 PMCID: PMC8241040 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1406561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an obstacle to be surmounted by humans. As an FDA-approved biocompatible drug excipient, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) has been widely applied in drug delivery system (DDS). Along with in-depth analyses of TPGS-based DDS, increasingly attractive results have revealed that TPGS is able to act not only as a simple drug carrier but also as an assistant molecule with various bio-functions to improve anticancer efficacy. In this review, recent advances in TPGS-based DDS are summarized. TPGS can inhibit P-glycoprotein, enhance drug absorption, induce mitochondrial-associated apoptosis or other apoptotic pathways, promote drug penetration and tumor accumulation, and even inhibit tumor metastasis. As a result, many formulations, by using original TPGS, TPGS-drug conjugates or TPGS copolymers, were prepared, and as expected, an enhanced therapeutic effect was achieved in different tumor models, especially in multidrug resistant and metastatic tumors. Although the mechanisms by which TPGS participates in such functions are not yet very clear, considering its effectiveness in tumor treatment, TPGS-based DDS appears to be one of the best candidates for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenming Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Khare V, Sakarchi WA, Gupta PN, Curtis ADM, Hoskins C. Synthesis and characterization of TPGS–gemcitabine prodrug micelles for pancreatic cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of a novel polymer-drug conjugate formulation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Khare
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division
| | | | - Prem N. Gupta
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- India 180001
| | | | - Clare Hoskins
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
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