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Tadano A, Watabe Y, Tanigawa T, Konishi-Yamada S, Kubo T. Evaluation of fluorous affinity using fluoroalkyl-modified silica gel and selective separation of poly-fluoroalkyl substances in organic solvents. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400121. [PMID: 39189598 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on the fluorous affinity acting among fluorine compounds, and then developed a new separation medium and evaluated their performance. We prepared the stationary phases for a column using silica gel-modified alkyl fluoride and investigated the characteristics of fluorous affinity by comparing them with a typical stationary phase, which does not contain fluorine, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In HPLC measurements, we confirmed that while all non-fluorine compounds were not retained, retention of fluorine compounds increased as the number of fluorine increased with the stationary phase. It also revealed that the strength of fluorous affinity changes depending on the types of the organic solvent; the more polar the solvent, the stronger the effect. Additionally, the stationary phase was employed to compare the efficiency of our column with that of a commercially available column, Fluofix-II. The retention selectivity was almost the same, but the absolute retention strength was slightly higher on our column, indicating that the column is available for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Tadano
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Konishi-Yamada
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kubo T, Yagishita M, Tanigawa T, Konishi-Yamada S, Nakajima D. Enhanced molecular recognition with longer chain crosslinkers in molecularly imprinted polymers for an efficient separation of TR active substances. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12021-12029. [PMID: 38623302 PMCID: PMC11017824 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology has been widely studied as a technique to obtain molecular recognition by artificial means. Selecting functional monomers or polymerization conditions plays a key role to optimize molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesis. To date, there have been few reports well exploiting the effect of crosslinkers. Here, in this study, we synthesized the MIPs using poly(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate with different units of ethylene oxide (n = 1 to 23) as crosslinkers to observe the molecular recognition abilities. The MIPs were attached to the surface of mono-dispersed polymer beads. The obtained spherical MIPs and non-imprinted polymers were filled in a column for high performance liquid chromatography. Then the retention selectivity toward TR active substances was evaluated. The result revealed that the recognition ability did not improve regardless of the amount of ethylene oxide. With the crosslinker (n = 9), extremely high retention selectivity was observed, which provides at most around ten times as large imprinting factors in comparison with other MIPs. Interestingly, we obtained the highest recognition ability at around polymerization temperature from the evaluation of the recognition ability toward temperature shift using the MIP (n = 9). In general, hydrogen bonding based on MIPs provides high recognition ability at low temperature, whereas, this study indicates that the use of flexible crosslinkers may enable the synthesis of MIPs that precisely memorize the conditions of polymerization. Lastly, we simultaneously analyzed the TR active substances using the column filled with MIPs (n = 9). The result showed relatively linear correlation between the retention strength of each substance and phycological activity toward TR obtained by yeast assay. Therefore, we can conclude that an induced fit like the receptor emerged by constructing the flexible molecular recognition field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kubo
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Mayuko Yagishita
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara City Hiroshima 727-0023 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Sayaka Konishi-Yamada
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
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Novel computer-assisted approach to quick prediction and optimization of gradient separation for online enrichment-reversed phase liquid chromatography tandem system. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Quantitative evaluation of reversed-phase packing material based on calcium carbonate microspheres modified with an alternating copolymer. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463294. [PMID: 35809518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering the vulnerability of silica gel to alkaline mobile phases, a highly alkaline stable stationary phase for HPLC is required to separate basic compounds with high separation efficiency. To address this issue, we have developed a high alkaline stable packing material (CaCO3-PMAcO) based on mesoporous calcium carbonate microspheres modified with poly(maleic acid-alt-1-octadecene). In this study, we report further investigation of the separation performance of CaCO3-PMAcO column by systematically evaluating the effects of particle size and chromatographic conditions. Based on the theory of the van Deemter equation, the separation efficiency was related to the size of CaCO3-PMAcO particles (2.9 - 5.7 µm). The evaluation of thermodynamics of retention by changing the column temperature from 20 °C to 45 °C implied that the retention mode was dominated by hydrophobic interaction associated with the exothermic enthalpy changes (-11.1 to -12.5 kJ/mol). The results of column selectivity tests revealed that the CaCO3-PMAcO column had hydrophobic selectivity comparable to C18 silica gel columns (αP/B; CaCO3-PMAcO column: 1.53, C18 column: 1.69), and higher shape/steric selectivity (αTri/Ter; CaCO3-PMAcO column: 1.56, C18 column: 0.955). In practice, the CaCO3-PMAcO column could be applied to the separation of not only alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but also to basic tricyclic antidepressants by using an alkaline mobile phase (pH 12).
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Chen L, Zhu S, Wang C, Chen L. Development of a HPLC-UV Method for the Separation and Quantification of Hesperidin, Neohesperidin, Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone and Hesperetin. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1714-1718. [PMID: 35915890 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
An analysis method was developed for the separation and quantification of hesperidin, neohesperidin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and hesperetin by using HPLC-UV. Single factor experiments and Box-Behnken Designs were used to optimize separation of four flavonoids, in which a gradient elution method was adopted with 99% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. A C18 column was used with a column temperature of 35 °C. LODs and LOQs were below 0.84 µg/mL and 2.84 µg/mL, respectively. Linearity with good correlation coefficients (r > 0.99, n = 5) was attained, recovery rate of four flavonoids ranged from 88% to 130%, the RSD indicating results precision for analyzing hesperidin, neohesperidin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and hesperetin ranged from 1.2% to 4.6%. Finally, the present method could be successfully applied to identify and quantify hesperidin, neohesperidin and hesperetin in Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Siming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi University, Kashi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shandong Benyue Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shandong, P. R. China
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Daniels C, Li SY, Iba B, Zhao Y, Kuklinski N, Bushey MM. A thermodynamic study of capillary electrochromatographic retention of aromatic hydrocarbons on a lauryl acrylate porous polymer monolithic column with measured phase ratio. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3098-3106. [PMID: 34038623 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The phase ratio of a chromatographic system is an important measurement that has long been estimated or calculated, but rarely directly measured. This study utilized a nanoflow liquid chromatography instrument to more accurately measure the phase ratio for a lauryl acrylate porous polymer monolith. Direct measurement of the phase ratio, and its dependence on temperature, allows for a better understanding of the thermodynamics of retention of small analytes. This study investigates the retention of an alkyl benzene series, toluene to octylbenzene, via capillary electrochromatography. The phase ratio was determined to be 0.202 at 303 K and 0.213 at 333 K. Using the directly measured phase ratio, entropic contributions to retention can also be obtained. Therefore, the Gibbs free energy calculations from these measurements and methods can give insight to modes of retention. The free energy of retention for toluene is -3.97 kJ/mol at 303 K and -3.78 kJ/mol at 333 K. The trends for enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of transfer show that retention is enthalpically driven in this capillary electrochromatography (CEC) porous polymer monolith system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlisa Daniels
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, USA
| | - Si Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Brady Iba
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yizhou Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Kuklinski
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle M Bushey
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Asare SO, Dean KR, Lynn BC. The study of the chromatographic behavior and a mass spectrometric approach to differentiating the diastereomer pair of the β-O-4 lignin dimer series. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4037-4048. [PMID: 33934193 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignin and lignans are natural products found in plant cell walls. Lignin research has historically focused on lignin degradation techniques in the hope of converting lignin into useful aromatic carbon feedstocks. In contrast, investigations of lignans existing as natural product dimers, have been focused on thier interesting biological activities. Many lignan compounds are chemically identical to dimers derived from lignin, and both lignin and lignan dimers can possess multiple chiral centers leading to observations of diastereomer pairs where one diastereomer exhibits the bulk of the activity. For example, the G-(β-O-4')-G dimer was reported to have a pro-angiogenic activity with one diastereomer of the pair showing enhanced pro-angiogenic activity. Traditional analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can differentiate the diastereomer pairs of β-O-4 compounds; however, isolation of a pure sample is often required for analysis. This work was aimed at exploring the potential use of tandem mass spectrometry to differentiate diastereomer pairs in the β-O-4 dimer series. Each diastereomer pair in the nine-dimer series was separated by HPLC and interrogated by tandem mass spectrometry. To understand the chromatographic behavior of the diastereomer pair in the β-O-4 dimer series, three commercially available reverse phase HPLC columns were evaluated. A temperature programming experiment using water/acetonitrile isocratic elution showed that the chromatographic retention mechanism of these diastereomers was hydrophobically driven with analytes having more methoxy groups exhibiting larger ΔH0 and higher octanol-water partition coefficient values. Tandem mass spectrometry performed on each of the diastereomers produced fragment ions having different ion abundances. A mechanistic study based on the ion abundance of "sequence-specific ions" and "-48 ions" was used to assign a configuration to each of the pairs of diastereomers in the nine-dimer series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shardrack O Asare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Abbvie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Kimberly R Dean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Bert C Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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Pandya PA, Shah PA, Shrivastav PS. Separation of achiral anti-diabetic drugs using sub/supercritical fluid chromatography with a polysaccharide stationary phase: Thermodynamic considerations and molecular docking study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yang Y, Qu Q, Li W, Yuan J, Ren Y, Wang L. Preparation of a silica-based high-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography stationary phase for protein separation and renaturation. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2481-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science, Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
| | - Qian Qu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science, Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
| | - Weimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science, Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science, Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
| | - Yi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science, Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science, Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
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