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Chen WL, Jayan M, Kwon JS, Chuang HS. Facile open-well immunofluorescence enhancement with coplanar-electrodes-enabled optoelectrokinetics and magnetic particles. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113527. [PMID: 34325238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetic manipulation has been proven powerful in enhancing the sensing capability of general-purpose biochips. However, the close-form configuration of biochips and the required use of low electric conductivity limit their practicability. In this study, an open-well microfluidic system facilitated with coplanar-electrodes-enabled optoelectrokinetic concentration and magnetic particles were therefore developed to overcome these challenges. The open side achieves optoelectrokinetic manipulation for biosignal enhancement, enabling free manual operations. Magnetic particles were employed in immunoassays to facilitate the rapid onsite separation of targets. A common cytokine biomarker found in many diseases, that is, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), was used for assessing the immunosensing system. In addition to the benefits inherited from the immunoassays, the fluorescent signal enhanced by the optoelectrokinetic technique also featured rapid enhancement in 1 min and a limit of detection of as low as 2.9 pg/mL. The open-well architecture allowed the entire immunosensing process to be completed on site without frequent off-site washing. For a practical test, the TNF-α in human tear fluids was measured by the developed device and validated with a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data show consistency in terms of trend. The developed open-well optoelectrokinetic device provides an insight into future facile clinical diagnoses. By simply modifying the surface linkers on the magnetic particles, the technique can be further extended to more other trace biomarker detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Mansha Jayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Xiang W, Lv Q, Shi H, Xie B, Gao L. Aptamer-based biosensor for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen. Talanta 2020; 214:120716. [PMID: 32278406 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), as one of the common tumor markers, is a human glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion and is expressed during human fetal development. Since the birth of human, CEA expression is largely inhibited, with only low levels in the plasma of healthy adults. Generally, CEA will overexpressed in many cancers, including gastric, breast, ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancers, especially colorectal cancer. As one of the important tumor markers, the detection of CEA has great significance in differential diagnosis, condition monitoring and therapeutic evaluation of diseases. Conventional CEA testing typically uses immunoassay methods. However, immunoassay methods require complex and expensive instruments and professional personnel to operate. Moreover, radioactive element may cause certain damage to the human body, which limits their wide application. In the past few years, biosensors, especially aptamer-based biosensors, have attracted extensive attention due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity, high accuracy, fast response and low cost. This review briefly classifies and describes the advance in optical and electrochemical aptamer biosensors for CEA detection, also explains and compares their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xiang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qiuxiang Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Haixia Shi
- P. E. Department of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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Shi G, Zheng X, Wu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Xing F. All-trans retinoic acid reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in paclitaxel-resistant cells by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B and upregulating gap junctions. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:379-388. [PMID: 30375704 PMCID: PMC6317959 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy drug, but development of resistance leads to treatment failure. Tumor cells that are treated with a sublethal dose of paclitaxel for a long period of time show the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which leads to metastasis and resistance. All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is always used in combination with paclitaxel and can reverse EMT in many types of cancer cells. The ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in chemoresistant cells is still unknown. In the present study, the ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in paclitaxel‐resistant cells was investigated. Three colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116, LoVo and CT26, were treated with sublethal doses of paclitaxel to create resistant cell lines. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and “parachute” dye‐coupling assays showed that ATRA reverses EMT, inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κΒ), and upregulates gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells. Scratch wound‐healing and Transwell assays showed that ATRA decreases the migration and invasion abilities of paclitaxel‐resistant cells. In addition, the CT26 cell line was used in the Balb/c pulmonary metastasis model to show that ATRA reduces metastasis of paclitaxel‐resistant cells in vivo. Given these data, ATRA may reverse EMT by inhibiting NF‐κΒ and upregulating gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Shi
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xiaojing Wu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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Wang S, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Yang X, Wang Y. Connexin 43 enhances paclitaxel cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1212-1218. [PMID: 28810580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has a relatively low sensitivity to paclitaxel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of connexin 43 (Cx43), which is a structural component of gap junctional communication (GJC), in paclitaxel cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells. Three colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT106, HCT116 and LoVo) were transfected with Cx43 and used to examine paclitaxel cytotoxicity. A western blot assay was used to confirm Cx43 expression in transfected cell lines as well as the expression of several proteins that are associated with paclitaxel cytotoxicity. A parachute dye-coupling assay was used to measure GJC function. An MTT assay was used to analyze the viability of paclitaxel-treated cells. Cx43 expression level and GJC function were significantly upregulated by the transfection (P<0.05). The viability of transfected cells was significantly inhibited compared with that of untransfected cells when treated with paclitaxel (20 or 80 nM) at high culture density but not at low culture density (P<0.05). Cx43 transfection significantly increased the mitotic arrest, tubulin polymerization and apoptosis effects of paclitaxel (P<0.05). It was also found that paclitaxel had an inhibitory effect on GJC function after 12 h of treatment in LoVo cells (P<0.05). These results indicate that Cx43 may serve as a target of paclitaxel chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Nanophotonics, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Zhenying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Nanophotonics, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Wang J, Song J, Wang Y, Liu J, Hou S. Kanglaite sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to Taxol via NF-κΒ inhibition and connexin 43 upregulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1280. [PMID: 28455529 PMCID: PMC5430786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol, a first-line anti-tumour drug, has low effectiveness against colorectal cancer. Combination with other agents is an effective strategy to enhance Taxol cytotoxicity. Kanglaite injection is an extract from Coix lacryma-jobi seed and is usually combined with other agents to treat cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment effect of Taxol combined with Kanglaite on colorectal cancer cell lines. Kanglaite pretreatment followed by Taxol treatment was found to show the best synergism among all combination strategies. This combination also resulted in the smallest tumour volume in a Balb/c mice model. Kanglaite inhibited the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κΒ and upregulated that of connexin 43, both of which sensitized cancer cells to Taxol. Moreover, Kanglaite increased many cellular variations caused by Taxol, including tubulin polymerization, caspase-3 cleavage, and upregulated expression of survivin and cyclin B1. These results suggest that Kanglaite pretreatment may increase the effect of Taxol on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Zhenying Zhao
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Jiali Song
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.
| | - Shaobin Hou
- Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii at Manoa 2538 McCarthy Mall, Snyder Hall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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