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Sokolov I. Ultrabright fluorescent particles via physical encapsulation of fluorescent dyes in mesoporous silica: a mini-review. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10994-11004. [PMID: 38771589 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing the power of mesoporous silica to encapsulate organic fluorescent dyes has led to the creation of an extraordinary class of nanocomposite photonic materials. These materials stand out for their ability to produce the brightest fluorescent particles known today, surpassing even the luminosity of quantum dots of similar spectrum and size. The synthesis of these materials offers precise control over the shape and size of the particles, ranging from the nano to the multi-micron scale. Just physical encapsulation of the dyes opens new possibilities for mixing different dyes within individual particles, paving the way for nearly limitless multiplexing capabilities. Moreover, this approach lays the groundwork for the development of highly sensitive sensors capable of detecting subtle changes in temperature and acidity at the nanoscale, among other parameters. This mini-review highlights the mechanism of synthesis, explains the nature of ultrabrightness, and describes the recent advancements and future prospects in the field of ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica particles, showcasing their potential for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Sokolov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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George S, Palantavida S. A plasmonic fluorescent ratiometric temperature sensor for self-limiting hyperthermic applications utilizing FRET enhancement in the plasmonic field. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37466341 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00800b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle mediated photo-induced hyperthermia holds much promise as a therapeutic solution for the management of diseases like cancer. The conventional methods of temperature measurements do not measure the actual temperature generated in the vicinity of the nanoparticles during illumination. In contrast, nano temperature sensors built on hyperthermic nanoparticles can relay local temperatures around the nanoparticles during thermal induction. In this study, we present a core shell construct consisting of a plasmonic core and a silica shell encapsulating a FRET pair of organic dyes for such application. The plasmonic core imparts photo-induced hyperthermic properties to the nanoconstruct, while the fluorescent shell enables ratiometric sensing of temperature. We see that even at a low dye encapsulation concentration, the shell displays a linear ratiometric fluorescence response to temperature and high energy transfer between the dye pair. Interestingly, Monte Carlo simulations, without considering the plasmonic core, show that the energy transfer in the system should be much smaller than that observed, confirming plasmon enhancement in the FRET energy transfer. We also show the ratiometric temperature measurement using these particles during photoinduced hyperthermia. This study suggests the use of plasmonic nanoparticles in the next generation "self-limiting" photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon George
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India.
| | - Shajesh Palantavida
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India.
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George S, Srinivasan A, Tulimilli SV, Madhunapantula SV, Palantavida S. Folate targeting self-limiting hyperthermic nanoparticles for controlled photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37379103 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy utilizes photothermal agents and the use of nanoparticle agents is deemed advantageous for multiple reasons. Common nano-photothermal agents normally have high conversion efficiencies and heating rates, but bulk temperature measurement methods do not adequately represent the nanoscale temperatures of these nanoheaters. Herein, we report on the fabrication of self-limiting hyperthermic nanoparticles that can simultaneously photoinduce hyperthermia and report back temperature ratiometrically. The synthesized nanoparticles utilize a plasmonic core to achieve the photoinduced hyperthermic property and fluorescent FRET pairs entrapped in a silica shell to impart the ratiometric temperature sensing ability. The studies demonstrate the photoinduced hyperthermia with simultaneous temperature measurement using these particles and show that the particles can achieve a conversion efficiency of 19.5% despite the shell architecture. These folate-functionalized self-limiting photothermal agents are also used to demonstrate targeted photoinduced hyperthermia in a HeLa cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon George
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India.
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - SubbaRao V Tulimilli
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Shajesh Palantavida
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India.
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Iraniparast M, Peng B, Sokolov I. Towards the Use of Individual Fluorescent Nanoparticles as Ratiometric Sensors: Spectral Robustness of Ultrabright Nanoporous Silica Nanoparticles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3471. [PMID: 37050530 PMCID: PMC10098630 DOI: 10.3390/s23073471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we address an important roadblock that prevents the use of bright fluorescent nanoparticles as individual ratiometric sensors: the possible variation of fluorescence spectra between individual nanoparticles. Ratiometric measurements using florescent dyes have shown their utility in measuring the spatial distribution of temperature, acidity, and concentration of various ions. However, the dyes have a serious limitation in their use as sensors; namely, their fluorescent spectra can change due to interactions with the surrounding dye. Encapsulation of the d, e in a porous material can solve this issue. Recently, we demonstrated the use of ultrabright nanoporous silica nanoparticles (UNSNP) to measure temperature and acidity. The particles have at least two kinds of encapsulated dyes. Ultrahigh brightness of the particles allows measuring of the signal of interest at the single particle level. However, it raises the problem of spectral variation between particles, which is impossible to control at the nanoscale. Here, we study spectral variations between the UNSNP which have two different encapsulated dyes: rhodamine R6G and RB. The dyes can be used to measure temperature. We synthesized these particles using three different ratios of the dyes. We measured the spectra of individual nanoparticles and compared them with simulations. We observed a rather small variation of fluorescence spectra between individual UNSNP, and the spectra were in very good agreement with the results of our simulations. Thus, one can conclude that individual UNSNP can be used as effective ratiometric sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Iraniparast
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Berney Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Kalaparthi V, Peng B, Peerzade SAMA, Palantavida S, Maloy B, Dokukin ME, Sokolov I. Ultrabright fluorescent nanothermometers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5090-5101. [PMID: 36132344 PMCID: PMC9418727 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the first ultrabright fluorescent nanothermometers, ∼50 nm-size particles, capable of measuring temperature in 3D and down to the nanoscale. The temperature is measured through the recording of the ratio of fluorescence intensities of fluorescent dyes encapsulated inside the nanochannels of the silica matrix of each nanothermometer. The brightness of each particle excited at 488 nm is equivalent to the fluorescence coming from 150 molecules of rhodamine 6G and 1700 molecules of rhodamine B dyes. The fluorescence of both dyes is excited with a single wavelength due to the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). We demonstrate repeatable measurements of temperature with the uncertainty down to 0.4 K and a constant sensitivity of ∼1%/K in the range of 20-50 °C, which is of particular interest for biomedical applications. Due to the high fluorescence brightness, we demonstrate the possibility of measurement of accurate 3D temperature distributions in a hydrogel. The accuracy of the measurements is confirmed by numerical simulations. We further demonstrate the use of single nanothermometers to measure temperature. As an example, 5-8 nanothermometers are sufficient to measure temperature with an error of 2 K (with the measurement time of >0.7 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kalaparthi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 200 College Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - B Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering 4 Colby Str. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - S A M A Peerzade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering 4 Colby Str. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - S Palantavida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 200 College Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - B Maloy
- Department of Physics, Tufts University 547 Boston Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - M E Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 200 College Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
- Sarov Physics and Technology Institute Sarov Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow Russian Federation
| | - I Sokolov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 200 College Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering 4 Colby Str. Medford MA 02155 USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University 547 Boston Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
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Pal N, Lee JH, Cho EB. Recent Trends in Morphology-Controlled Synthesis and Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2122. [PMID: 33113856 PMCID: PMC7692592 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding journey towards the investigation of mesoporous materials commences with the discovery of high surface area porous silica materials, named MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter-41) according to the inventors' name Mobile scientists in the United States. Based on a self-assembled supramolecular templating mechanism, the synthesis of mesoporous silica has extended to wide varieties of silica categories along with versatile applications of all these types in many fields. These silica families have some extraordinary structural features, like highly tunable nanoscale sized pore diameter, good Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas, good flexibility to accommodate different organic and inorganic functional groups, metals etc., onto their surface. As a consequence, thousands of scientists and researchers throughout the world have reported numerous silica materials in the form of published articles, communication, reviews, etc. Beside this, attention is also given to the morphology-oriented synthesis of silica nanoparticles and their significant effects on the emerging fields of study like catalysis, energy applications, sensing, environmental, and biomedical research. This review highlights a consolidated overview of those morphology-based mesoporous silica particles, emphasizing their syntheses and potential role in many promising fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Pal
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad 500075, India;
| | - Jun-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
| | - Eun-Bum Cho
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
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Peerzade SAMA, Makarova N, Sokolov I. Ultrabright Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for Multiplexed Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050905. [PMID: 32397124 PMCID: PMC7279313 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent tagging is a popular method in biomedical research. Using multiple taggants of different but resolvable fluorescent spectra simultaneously (multiplexing), it is possible to obtain more comprehensive and faster information about various biochemical reactions and diseases, for example, in the method of flow cytometry. Here we report on a first demonstration of the synthesis of ultrabright fluorescent silica nanoporous nanoparticles (Star-dots), which have a large number of complex fluorescence spectra suitable for multiplexed applications. The spectra are obtained via simple physical mixing of different commercially available fluorescent dyes in a synthesizing bath. The resulting particles contain dye molecules encapsulated inside of cylindrical nanochannels of the silica matrix. The distance between the dye molecules is sufficiently small to attain Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) coupling within a portion of the encapsulated dye molecules. As a result, one can have particles of multiple spectra that can be excited with just one wavelength. We show this for the mixing of five, three, and two dyes. Furthermore, the dyes can be mixed inside of particles in different proportions. This brings another dimension in the complexity of the obtained spectra and makes the number of different resolvable spectra practically unlimited. We demonstrate that the spectra obtained by different mixing of just two dyes inside of each particle can be easily distinguished by using a linear decomposition method. As a practical example, the errors of demultiplexing are measured when sets of a hundred particles are used for tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezda Makarova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Correspondence:
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Peerzade SAMA, Qin X, Laroche FJ, Palantavida S, Dokukin M, Feng H, Sokolov I. Ultrabright fluorescent silica nanoparticles for in vivo targeting of xenografted human tumors and cancer cells in zebrafish. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22316-22327. [PMID: 31724677 PMCID: PMC7384872 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New ultrabright fluorescent silica nanoparticles capable of the fast targeting of epithelial tumors in vivo are presented. The as-synthesized folate-functionalized ultrabright particles of 30-40 nm are 230 times brighter than quantum dots (QD450) and 50% brighter than the polymer dots with similar spectra (excitation 365 nm and emission 486 nm). To decrease non-specific targeting, particles are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). We demonstrate the in vivo targeting of xenographic human cervical epithelial tumors (HeLa cells) using zebrafish as a model system. The particles target tumors (and probably even individual HeLa cells) as small as 10-20 microns within 20-30 minutes after blood injection. To demonstrate the advantages of ultrabrightness, we repeated the experiments with similar but 200× less bright particles. Compared to those, ultrabright particles showed ∼3× faster tumor detection and ∼2× higher relative fluorescent contrast of tumors/cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodan Qin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrice J.F. Laroche
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shajesh Palantavida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Maxim Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Masoomi H, Wang Y, Fang X, Wang P, Chen C, Liu K, Gu H, Xu H. Ultrabright dye-loaded spherical polyelectrolyte brushes and their fundamental structure-fluorescence tuning principles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14050-14059. [PMID: 31313795 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02168j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrabright fluorescent particles (UFPs) have attracted increasing attention because of their outstanding signal amplification functions. However, there is still an urgent demand for designing novel UFPs with new components or structures as the existing ones can not satisfy the practical requirements due to their inherent disadvantages. Here we propose a novel ultrabright fluorescent particle platform by doping dyes of 5-aminofluorescein (5-AF) into silica core-based spherical poly (acrylic acid) brushes (SiO2@PAA@5-AF) and discuss their fundamental structure-fluorescence tuning principles. A series of brushes with different polymer chain lengths are successfully synthesized and then loaded with 5-AF through chemical binding. The high loading amount, suitable density or distribution, and enhanced quantum yield (QY) of 5-AF due to the amide bond formation with PAA chains on brushes are concluded as the three major reasons for the ultrabrightness of SiO2@PAA@5-AF. Therefore, a 2350 ± 445 times brighter brush particle in comparison to a single quantum dot (QD) is realized, and a 2.1 ± 0.4 times fluorescence improvement of a brush vs. a QD normalized by volume is also achieved when taking the hydrodynamic diameter into consideration (∼300 nm vs. ∼30 nm). Moreover, the excellent tolerance stabilities in normally applied environments and outstanding label effects to form 4-plexed encoded beads are demonstrated as well. The results in this work strongly indicate a promising potential of SiO2@PAA@5-AF as an ultrabright and stable signal amplification tool for biomedical related sensing, labeling, and biodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Masoomi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Peirui Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Cang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Hongchen Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Peng B, Almeqdadi M, Laroche F, Palantavida S, Dokukin M, Roper J, Yilmaz OH, Feng H, Sokolov I. Data on ultrabright fluorescent cellulose acetate nanoparticles for imaging tumors through systemic and topical applications. Data Brief 2019; 22:383-391. [PMID: 30596135 PMCID: PMC6307339 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization data of fluorescent nanoparticles made of cellulose acetate (CA-dots) are shown. The data in this article accompanies the research article "Ultrabright fluorescent cellulose acetate nanoparticles for imaging tumors through systemic and topical applications" [1]. The measurements and calculation of brightness of individual CA-dots are presented. The description of conjugation procedure Pluronic F127-Folic Acid copolymer and folic acid is shown. Identification of composition of CA dots using Raman and absorbance spectroscopy is demonstrated. The methods for image analysis of efficiency of CA-dot targeting of epithelial tumors xenografted in zebrafish is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berney Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth׳s Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrice Laroche
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Maxim Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omer H. Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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