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Lin S, Sun S, Wang K, Shen K, Ma B, Ren Y, Fan X. Bioinspired Design of Alcohol Dehydrogenase@nano TiO₂ Microreactors for Sustainable Cycling of NAD⁺/NADH Coenzyme. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8020127. [PMID: 29495316 PMCID: PMC5853758 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bioinspired design and construction of enzyme@capsule microreactors with specific cell-like functionality has generated tremendous interest in recent years. Inspired by their fascinating complexity, scientists have endeavored to understand the essential aspects of a natural cell and create biomimicking microreactors so as to immobilize enzymes within the hierarchical structure of a microcapsule. In this study, simultaneous encapsulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was achieved during the preparation of microcapsules by the Pickering emulsion method using amphiphilic modified TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as building blocks for assembling the photocatalytic microcapsule membrane. The ADH@TiO2 NP microreactors exhibited dual catalytic functions, i.e., spatially confined enzymatic catalysis and the membrane-associated photocatalytic oxidation under visible light. The sustainable cycling of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) coenzyme between NADH and NAD+ was realized by enzymatic regeneration of NADH from NAD+ reduction, and was provided in a form that enabled further photocatalytic oxidation to NAD+ under visible light. This bioinspired ADH@TiO2 NP microreactor allowed the linking of a semiconductor mineral-based inorganic photosystem to enzymatic reactions. This is a first step toward the realization of sustainable biological cycling of NAD+/NADH coenzyme in synthetic functional microsystems operating under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Institute of Non-Metallic Minerals, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Shiyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Institute of Non-Metallic Minerals, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Institute of Non-Metallic Minerals, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Kexuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Institute of Non-Metallic Minerals, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Biaobiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Institute of Non-Metallic Minerals, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Yuquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Institute of Non-Metallic Minerals, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China.
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Wang AQ, Lin YL, Xu B, Hu CY, Zhang MS, Xia SJ, Zhang TY, Chu WH, Gao NY. Degradation of acrylamide during chlorination as a precursor of haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:38-46. [PMID: 28963895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a monomer of polyacrylamide, which is widely used in the water treatment process as a flocculant. The degradation kinetics and formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during acrylamide chlorination were investigated in this study. The reaction between chlorine and acrylamide followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. A kinetic model regarding acrylamide chlorination was established and the rate constants of each predominant elementary reaction (i.e., the base-catalyzed reaction of acrylamide with ClO- as well as the reactions of acrylamide with HOCl and ClO-) were calculated as 7.89×107M-2h-1, 7.72×101M-1h-1, and 1.65×103M-1h-1, respectively. The presence of Br- in water led to the formation of HOBr and accelerated the rate of acrylamide degradation by chlorine. The reaction rate constant of acrylamide with HOBr was calculated as 1.33×103M-1h-1. The degradation pathways of acrylamide chlorination were proposed according to the intermediates identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Five chlorinated DBPs including chloroform (CF), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), and trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) were identified during acrylamide chlorination. The formation of CF, DCAN, DCAcAm, and TCAcAm kept increasing, while that of TCAN increased and then decreased with increasing reaction time. As the chlorine dosage increased from 0.75 to 4.5mM, DCAN became the dominant DBP. Large amounts of CF, DCAN, and TCAN were formed at basic pHs. The hydrolysis of DCAN and TCAN led to the formation of DCAcAm and TCAcAm, respectively. The results of this study elucidated that acrylamide can be a precursor for the formation of haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetamides (HAcAms) during drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Min-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ji Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wen-Hai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Nai-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Abstract
The preparation methods and applications of flavor and fragrance capsules based on polymeric, inorganic and polymeric–inorganic wall materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Weijun Deng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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