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Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquid Supported Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and in Hydrosilylation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010405. [PMID: 36615598 PMCID: PMC9822459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) are ionic liquids (ILs) with a 1-aryl-3-alkylimidazolium cation having differently substituted aryl groups. Herein, nine TAAILs with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion are utilized in combination with and without ethylene glycol (EG) as reaction media for the rapid microwave synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs). TAAILs allow the synthesis of small NPs and are efficient solvents for microwave absorption. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that small primary NPs with sizes of 2 nm to 5 nm are obtained in TAAILs and EG/TAAIL mixtures. The Pt-NPs feature excellent activity as electrocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under acidic conditions, with an overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 as low as 32 mV vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is significantly lower than the standard Pt/C 20% with 42 mV. Pt-NPs obtained in TAAILs also achieved quantitative conversion in the hydrosilylation reaction of phenylacetylene with triethylsilane after just 5 min at 200 °C.
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2
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Sweet, Sugar-Coated Hierarchical Platinum Nanostructures for Easy Support, Heterogenization and Separation. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are increasingly gaining interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we present a novel strategy for synthesizing sugar-coated platinum nanostructures (SC-Pt-NS) from the carbohydrates sucrose and D(-)-fructose. In the synthesis from a mixture of H2PtCl6·6H2O, the carbohydrate in an ionic liquid (IL) yielded primary particles of a homogeneous average size of ~10 nm, which were aggregated to hierarchical Pt nanostructures of ~40–65 nm and surrounded or supported by the carbohydrate. These sugar-coated platinum nanostructures present a facile way to support and heterogenize nanoparticles, avoid leaching and enable easier separation and handling. The catalytic activity of the SC-Pt-NS was shown in the hydrosilylation test reaction of phenylacetylene with triethylsilane, where very high turnover frequency (TOF) values of up to 87,200 h−1 could be achieved, while the platinum metal leaching into the product was very low.
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3
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Structural characteristics and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin after being dissolved in ionic liquids. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bayrakdar TACA, Maliszewski BP, Nahra F, Ormerod D, Nolan SP. Platinum-Catalyzed Alkene Hydrosilylation: Solvent-Free Process Development from Batch to a Membrane-Integrated Continuous Process. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3810-3814. [PMID: 34291872 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The integration of a membrane separation protocol with the platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation of olefins is investigated. The catalytic reaction is first optimized in batch where [Pt(IPr*)(dms)Cl2 ] (IPr*=1,3-bis[2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl]imidazol-2-ylidene, dms=dimethyl sulfide) demonstrates superior activity compared to the less sterically encumbered [Pt(SIPr)(dms)Cl2 ] (SIPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidine) congener. Filtration conditions are identified in membrane screening experiments. Hydrosilylation of 1-octene catalyzed by [Pt(IPr*)(dms)Cl2 ] is conducted in continuous mode and the platinum catalyst is separated efficiently over the commercially available Borsig oNF-2 membrane, all under solvent-free conditions. An advantage of this process is that both reaction and separation are coupled in a single step. Moreover, at the end of the process the intact catalyst was recovered in 80 % yield as an off-white solid without any further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benon P Maliszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Dominic Ormerod
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Zajac A, Szpecht A, Szymanska A, Zielinski D, Stolarska O, Smiglak M, Maciejewski H. Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-based ionic liquids bearing allyl groups and examples of their application. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00303d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of allyl-functionalized ionic liquids and examples of their application in catalysts and surface-functionalizing compound formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zajac
- Materials Synthesis Group
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Andrea Szpecht
- Materials Synthesis Group
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Anna Szymanska
- Materials Synthesis Group
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Dawid Zielinski
- Materials Synthesis Group
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Olga Stolarska
- Materials Synthesis Group
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Materials Synthesis Group
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Materials Synthesis Group
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznan
- Poland
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6
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Szpecht A, Zajac A, Zielinski D, Maciejewski H, Smiglak M. Versatile Method for the Simultaneous Synthesis of Two Ionic Liquids, Otherwise Difficult to Obtain, with High Atom Economy. Chemistry 2019; 8:972-983. [PMID: 31360624 PMCID: PMC6637701 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach and full spectral (NMR, IR, MS) and ion chromatographic characterization (IC) of nitrogen‐based ionic liquids bearing allyl‐ or ethyl‐ substituent and triflate, tosylate, methyl sulfate or methanesulfonate anion has been presented. On a sample of 16 new ionic liquids, the versatility of the anion exchange method has been proven. In the metathesis reactions that have been carried out, the halide anion was exchanged in ionic liquid with an alkyl sulfonate based anion using alkylating agents. The results obtained using ion chromatographic analysis on the newly synthesized compounds have been discussed. Also, the utilization of a gaseous methyl halide by‐product, obtained in the metathesis reaction and otherwise difficult to synthesize, has been presented. This approach ensured high atom economy of the overall process, which makes the proposed methodology sustainable and eco‐friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Szpecht
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Umultowska 89 B 61-614 Poznan Poland.,Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Adrian Zajac
- Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Dawid Zielinski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Umultowska 89 B 61-614 Poznan Poland.,Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Umultowska 89 B 61-614 Poznan Poland.,Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
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Zajac A, Szpecht A, Zielinski D, Rola K, Hoppe J, Komorowska K, Smiglak M. Synthesis and characterization of potentially polymerizable amine-derived ionic liquids bearing 4-vinylbenzyl group. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Drozdov F, Cherkaev G, Muzafarov A. Synthesis of new functional siloxane derivatives of limonene. Part I: Combination of hydrosilylation and hydrothiolation reactions. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Multiphase processes with ionic liquids in microreactors: hydrodynamics, mass transfer and applications. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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An efficient method for synthesizing monofunctionalized derivatives of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane in ionic liquids as recoverable solvents for rhodium catalyst. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Szyling J, Franczyk A, Stefanowska K, Klarek M, Maciejewski H, Walkowiak J. An Effective Catalytic Hydroboration of Alkynes in Supercritical CO2
under Repetitive Batch Mode. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Szyling
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Adrian Franczyk
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Kinga Stefanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Mateusz Klarek
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
- Poznan Science and Technology Park of, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation; Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Jędrzej Walkowiak
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznan Poland
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Pawlowska-Zygarowicz A, Kukawka R, Maciejewski H, Smiglak M. Optimization and intensification of hydrosilylation reactions using a microreactor system. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of continuous flow chemistry techniques concentrates often on catalytic reactions difficult to be performed for various reasons under typical batch conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafal Kukawka
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Poznań 61-614
- Poland
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Poznań 61-614
- Poland
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Poznań 61-614
- Poland
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
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Jankowska-Wajda M, Kukawka R, Smiglak M, Maciejewski H. The effect of the catalyst and the type of ionic liquid on the hydrosilylation process under batch and continuous reaction conditions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a simplified method for performing the hydrosilylation reaction in a heterogeneous catalytic system with the use of ionic liquids and microreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Kukawka
- Adam Mickiewicz, University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
| | - M. Smiglak
- Adam Mickiewicz, University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
| | - H. Maciejewski
- Adam Mickiewicz, University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
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14
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Jankowska-Wajda M, Dąbek I, Fiedorow R, Maciejewski H. The effect of the morpholinium ionic liquid anion on the catalytic activity of Rh (or Pt) complex–ionic liquid systems in hydrosilylation processes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26922-26927. [PMID: 35541043 PMCID: PMC9083279 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05251d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies were performed on the catalytic activity for olefin hydrosilylation shown by three rhodium complexes, [{Rh(μ-OSiMe3)(cod)}2] (I), [{Rh(μ-Cl)(cod)}2] (II) and [RhCl(PPh3)3] (III), and three platinum complexes, [Pt(PPh3)4] (IV), [Pt(PPh3)2Cl2] (V) and PtCl4 (VI), immobilized in a series of different anion-containing morpholinium ionic liquids. The effect of the kind of anion (its nucleophilic character) on the activity, stability and possibility of a catalytic system with multiple uses in the hydrosilylation process has been established. In the case of the best systems it was possible to reuse the same catalyst sample 10 times almost without any decrease in the activity and a TON value over 99 000 was obtained. Rhodium and platinum complexes were immobilized in morpholinium ionic liquids, the effect of which on the catalytic activity was determined.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabela Dąbek
- Poznań Science and Technology Park
- A. Mickiewicz University Foundation
- 61-612 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Ryszard Fiedorow
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Poznań Science and Technology Park
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15
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Hofmann RJ, Vlatković M, Wiesbrock F. Fifty Years of Hydrosilylation in Polymer Science: A Review of Current Trends of Low-Cost Transition-Metal and Metal-Free Catalysts, Non-Thermally Triggered Hydrosilylation Reactions, and Industrial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E534. [PMID: 30965835 PMCID: PMC6418815 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrosilylation reactions, the (commonly) anti-Markovnikov additions of silanes to unsaturated bonds present in compounds such as alkenes and alkynes, offer numerous unique and advantageous properties for the preparation of polymeric materials, such as high yields and stereoselectivity. These reactions require to be catalyzed, for which platinum compounds were used in the initial stages. Celebrating the 50th anniversary of hydrosilylations in polymer science and, concomitantly, five decades of continuously growing research, hydrosilylation reactions have advanced to a level that renders them predestined for transfer into commercial products on the large scale. Facing this potential transfer, this review addresses and discusses selected current trends of the scientific research in the area, namely low-cost transition metal catalysts (focusing on iron, cobalt, and nickel complexes), metal-free catalysts, non-thermally triggered hydrosilylation reactions (highlighting stimuli such as (UV-)light), and (potential) industrial applications (highlighting the catalysts used and products manufactured). This review focuses on the hydrosilylation reactions involving alkene reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Hofmann
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Matea Vlatković
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
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16
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Zielinski W, Kukawka R, Maciejewski H, Smiglak M. Ionic Liquids as Solvents for Rhodium and Platinum Catalysts Used in Hydrosilylation Reaction. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091115. [PMID: 27563869 PMCID: PMC6274437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of imidazolium and pyridinium based ionic liquids has been synthetized, and their ability to dissolve and activate the catalysts used in hydrosilylation reaction of 1-octane and 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane was investigated. An organometallic catalyst as well as inorganic complexes of platinum and rhodium dissolved in ionic liquids were used, forming liquid solutions not miscible with the substrates or with the products of the reaction. The results show that application of such a simple biphasic catalytic system enables reuse of ionic liquid phase with catalysts in multiple reaction cycles reducing the costs and decreasing the amount of catalyst needed per mole of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Zielinski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 46 Rubież ST., 61-612 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Rafal Kukawka
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 46 Rubież ST., 61-612 Poznań, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 46 Rubież ST., 61-612 Poznań, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 46 Rubież ST., 61-612 Poznań, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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