1
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Wei K, Tang C, Ma H, Fang X, Yang R. 3D-printed microrobots for biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:4301-4334. [PMID: 39041236 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Microrobots, which can perform tasks in difficult-to-reach parts of the human body under their own or external power supply, are potential tools for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, microsurgery, imaging and monitoring, tissue engineering, and sensors and actuators. Compared with traditional fabrication methods for microrobots, recent improvements in 3D printers enable them to print high-precision microrobots, breaking through the limitations of traditional micromanufacturing technologies that require high skills for operators and greatly shortening the design-to-production cycle. Here, this review first introduces typical 3D printing technologies used in microrobot manufacturing. Then, the structures of microrobots with different functions and application scenarios are discussed. Next, we summarize the materials (body materials, propulsion materials and intelligent materials) used in 3D microrobot manufacturing to complete body construction and realize biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, imaging and monitoring). Finally, the challenges and future prospects of 3D printed microrobots in biomedical applications are discussed in terms of materials, manufacturing and advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Chenlong Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xingmiao Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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2
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Cai J, Ma S, Yi W, Wang J. Fabrication of High-Density Microarchitected Tungsten via DLP 3D Printing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405487. [PMID: 39137141 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Current additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for tungsten, such as powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition, often generate parts with rough surfaces. Vat photopolymerization presents a promising alternative for fabricating tungsten structures with high shape fidelity and low surface roughness. However, existing vat photopolymerization approaches suffer from surface defects and low final density, leading to compromised mechanical properties. Therefore, achieving high-density tungsten structures using vat photopolymerization remains a crucial challenge. This work presents a straightforward and reliable method for fabricating complex, micro-architected tungsten structures with superior density and hardness. The approach utilizes a water-based photoresin with exceptional tungsten ion loading capacity. The photoresin is then patterned using digital light processing (DLP) to create tungsten-laden precursors. A three-step debinding and sintering process subsequently achieves 3D tungsten structures with dense surface morphology and minimal internal defects. The microstructures achieve a minimum feature size of 35 µm, a low surface roughness of 2.86 µm, and demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties. This new method for structuring tungsten opens doors to a broad range of applications, including micromachining, collimators, detectors, and metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Songhua Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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3
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Xiong D, Ruan P, Li Z, Yi W, Wang J. A General Strategy for Sustainable 3D Printing Based on A Multifunctional Photoinitiator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406047. [PMID: 38739107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A multifunctional photoinitiator is presented, offering precise control over light-induced polymerization initiation at 450 nm and material degradation at 365 nm. This is accomplished by covalently linking photoactive bis(acyl)phosphane oxide and photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl ether moieties onto the surface of γ-cyclodextrin. Upon degradation, the resulting linear polymers can be easily re-dissolved in their corresponding monomer and re-cured, exhibiting superior mechanical properties compared to the pristine material. Moreover, this photoinitiator enables the successful 3D printing of intricate and precise structures, representing a promising general strategy for developing recyclable photoresins for 3D printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Pengfei Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zongan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Nanjing, 210094, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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4
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Chansoria P, Rizzo R, Rütsche D, Liu H, Delrot P, Zenobi-Wong M. Light from Afield: Fast, High-Resolution, and Layer-Free Deep Vat 3D Printing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8787-8822. [PMID: 38967405 PMCID: PMC11273351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing light for cross-linking of photoresponsive materials has revolutionized the field of 3D printing. A wide variety of techniques leveraging broad-spectrum light shaping have been introduced as a way to achieve fast and high-resolution printing, with applications ranging from simple prototypes to biomimetic engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. Conventional light-based printing techniques use cross-linking of material in a layer-by-layer fashion to produce complex parts. Only recently, new techniques have emerged which deploy multidirection, tomographic, light-sheet or filamented light-based image projections deep into the volume of resin-filled vat for photoinitiation and cross-linking. These Deep Vat printing (DVP) approaches alleviate the need for layer-wise printing and enable unprecedented fabrication speeds (within a few seconds) with high resolution (>10 μm). Here, we elucidate the physics and chemistry of these processes, their commonalities and differences, as well as their emerging applications in biomedical and non-biomedical fields. Importantly, we highlight their limitations, and future scope of research that will improve the scalability and applicability of these DVP techniques in a wide variety of engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Chansoria
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Dominic Rütsche
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Basic
Science & Engineering (BASE) Initiative, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hao Liu
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paul Delrot
- Readily3D
SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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5
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Ma S, Bai W, Xiong D, Shan G, Zhao Z, Yi W, Wang J. Additive Manufacturing of Micro-Architected Copper based on an Ion-Exchangeable Hydrogel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405135. [PMID: 38567459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) of copper through laser-based processes poses challenges, primarily attributed to the high thermal conductivity and low laser absorptivity of copper powder or wire as the feedstock. Although the use of copper salts in vat photopolymerization-based AM techniques has garnered recent attention, achieving micro-architected copper with high conductivity and density has remained elusive. In this study, we present a facile and efficient process to create complex 3D micro-architected copper structures with superior electrical conductivity and hardness. The process entails the formulation of an ion-exchangeable photoresin, followed by the utilization of digital light processing (DLP) printing to sculpt 3D hydrogel scaffolds, which were transformed into Cu2+-chelated polymer frameworks (Cu-CPFs) with a high loading of Cu2+ ions through ion exchange, followed by debinding and sintering, results in the transformation of Cu-CPFs into miniaturized copper architectures. This methodology represents an efficient pathway for the creation of intricate micro-architected 3D metal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wuxin Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dajun Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guibin Shan
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zijie Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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6
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Lu G, Tang R, Nie J, Zhu X. Photocuring 3D Printing of Hydrogels: Techniques, Materials, and Applications in Tissue Engineering and Flexible Devices. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300661. [PMID: 38271638 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Photocuring 3D printing of hydrogels, with sophisticated, delicate structures and biocompatibility, attracts significant attention by researchers and possesses promising application in the fields of tissue engineering and flexible devices. After years of development, photocuring 3D printing technologies and hydrogel inks make great progress. Herein, the techniques of photocuring 3D printing of hydrogels, including direct ink writing (DIW), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM), and two photon polymerization (TPP) are reviewed. Further, the raw materials for hydrogel inks (photocurable polymers, monomers, photoinitiators, and additives) and applications in tissue engineering and flexible devices are also reviewed. At last, the current challenges and future perspectives of photocuring 3D printing of hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ruifen Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Nie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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7
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Sarabia-Vallejos MA, De la Fuente SR, Tapia P, Cohn-Inostroza NA, Estrada M, Ortiz-Puerta D, Rodríguez-Hernández J, González-Henríquez CM. Development of Biocompatible Digital Light Processing Resins for Additive Manufacturing Using Visible Light-Induced RAFT Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:472. [PMID: 38399850 PMCID: PMC10893283 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with bone diseases often experience increased bone fragility. When bone injuries exceed the body's natural healing capacity, they become significant obstacles. The global rise in the aging population and the escalating obesity pandemic are anticipated to lead to a notable increase in acute bone injuries in the coming years. Our research developed a novel DLP resin for 3D printing, utilizing poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) and various monomers through the PET-RAFT polymerization method. To enhance the performance of bone scaffolds, triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) were incorporated into the printed structure, promoting porosity and pore interconnectivity without reducing the mechanical resistance of the printed piece. The gyroid TPMS structure was the one that showed the highest mechanical resistance (0.94 ± 0.117 and 1.66 ± 0.240 MPa) for both variants of resin composition. Additionally, bioactive particles were introduced to enhance the material's biocompatibility, showcasing the potential for incorporating active compounds for specific applications. The inclusion of bioceramic particles produces an increase of 13% in bioactivity signal for osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase essay) compared to that of control resins. Our findings highlight the substantial improvement in printing precision and resolution achieved by including the photoabsorber, Rose Bengal, in the synthesized resin. This enhancement allows for creating intricately detailed and accurately defined 3D-printed parts. Furthermore, the TPMS gyroid structure significantly enhances the material's mechanical resistance, while including bioactive compounds significantly boosts the polymeric resin's biocompatibility and bioactivity (osteogenic differentiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile; (M.A.S.-V.); (D.O.-P.)
| | - Scarleth Romero De la Fuente
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (S.R.D.l.F.); (P.T.)
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| | - Pamela Tapia
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (S.R.D.l.F.); (P.T.)
| | - Nicolás A. Cohn-Inostroza
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile; (N.A.C.-I.); (M.E.)
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile; (N.A.C.-I.); (M.E.)
| | - David Ortiz-Puerta
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile; (M.A.S.-V.); (D.O.-P.)
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen M. González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (S.R.D.l.F.); (P.T.)
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
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8
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Kaymak P, Yang M, Benkő Z. A quest for stable phosphonyl radicals: limitations and possibilities of carbocyclic backbones and bulky substituents. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13930-13945. [PMID: 37753839 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphonyl radicals play an important role as transient species in many chemical transformations, such as photoinitiated polymerisation reactions, permanently stable phosphonyl radicals are yet to be discovered. In this computational study, we aim at a conceptual understanding of the electronic effects influencing the stabilities of phosphonyl radicals through computing radical stabilisation energies (RSEs) for a large set of phosphonyl radicals with carbocyclic backbones. The studied radicals exhibit ring sizes varying from 3- to 7-membered with full saturation or different grades of unsaturation adjacent to the P-centre in an endo or exocyclic fashion. To gain deeper insight into the stabilisation effects and delocalisation, the geometrical aspects, electronic structures, and spin distributions of the radicals were scrutinised. The five-membered, fully unsaturated ring (phospholyl oxide), which has a planar structure, offers the most substantial electronic stabilisation. By embedding this ring into a more extended π-system, the possibility of gaining further stabilisation was also explored. To screen the effect of steric congestion on the stabilities of previously selected radicals toward dimerisation, a large number of bulky substituents with different sizes and shapes were systematically investigated. Our results outline that stable phosphonyl radicals seem accessible, provided that the electronic stabilisation effects are supplemented by well-designed bulky substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kaymak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Flores-Jimenez MS, Fuentes-Aguilar RQ, Garcia-Gonzalez A. Design and Analysis of a Rotational Mixer to produce 3D Bioprinting Gyroid-Helical-Patterned Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083792 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds require complex networks for nutrient diffusion and cell attachment. They must have specific surface area and curvature, and often need a multimaterial composition, demanding advanced micro-fabrication methods. 3D extrusion bioprinting offers versatility to manufacture different scaffold, and strategies for multimaterial printing have been introduced. We propose a method to fabricate scaffolds based on gyroid-helical-patterned microfibers, providing a platform to study the effect of the gyroid minimum curvature on cellular processes, since the geometry wont be layer-by-layer approximated. The pattern is obtained by mixing inks using a gyroid-helix shaped rotational mixer, modifying the extruder of a conventional 3D printer. The mixer was simulated using computational fluid dynamics tools, varying the volumetric flow to obtain different gyroid-thickness. Due to its surface area minimization, it shows lower energy requirements than state-of-art fluid mixers, with a pressure drop of 1.7%, a power number of 39, and a rotation-induced shear stress of ∼400 Pa, enabling the use of cell-embedded bioinks.
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10
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Dumur F. Recent advances on water-soluble photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Dumur F. The Future of Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization for Photocrosslinking Applications. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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12
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Conti R, Widera A, Müller G, Fekete C, Thöny D, Eiler F, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. Organocatalyzed Phospha-Michael Addition: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Customized Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Photoinitiators. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202563. [PMID: 36200550 PMCID: PMC10100105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the P-H bond in bis(mesitoyl)phosphine, HP(COMes)2 (BAPH), to a wide variety of activated carbon-carbon double bonds as acceptors was investigated. While this phospha-Michael addition does not proceed in the absence of an additive or catalyst, excellent results were obtained with stoichiometric basic potassium or caesium salts. Simple amine bases can be employed in catalytic amounts, and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) in particular is an outstanding catalyst that allows the preparation of bis(acyl)phosphines, R-P(COMes)2 , under very mild conditions in excellent yields after only a short time. All phosphines RP(COMes)2 can subsequently be oxidized to the corresponding bis(acyl)phosphane oxides, RPO(COMes)2 , a substance class belonging to the most potent photoinitiators for radical polymerizations known to date. Thus, a simple and highly atom economic method has been found that allows the preparation of a broad range of photoinitiators adapted to their specific field of application even on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Widera
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Csilla Fekete
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary.,ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Randhawa A, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Patel DK, Patil TV, Lim KT. Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Photocurable Polymers: Types, Mechanism, and Tissue Engineering Application. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200278. [PMID: 36177687 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of liquid resin into solid structures upon exposure to light of a specific wavelength is known as photopolymerization. In recent years, photopolymerization-based 3D printing has gained enormous attention for constructing complex tissue-specific constructs. Due to the economic and environmental benefits of the biopolymers employed, photo-curable 3D printing is considered an alternative method for replacing damaged tissues. However, the lack of suitable bio-based photopolymers, their characterization, effective crosslinking strategies, and optimal printing conditions are hindering the extensive application of 3D printed materials in the global market. This review highlights the present status of various photopolymers, their synthesis, and their optimization parameters for biomedical applications. Moreover, a glimpse of various photopolymerization techniques currently employed for 3D printing is also discussed. Furthermore, various naturally derived nanomaterials reinforced polymerization and their influence on printability and shape fidelity are also reviewed. Finally, the ultimate use of those photopolymerized hydrogel scaffolds in tissue engineering is also discussed. Taken together, it is believed that photopolymerized 3D printing has a great future, whereas conventional 3D printing requires considerable sophistication, and this review can provide readers with a comprehensive approach to developing light-mediated 3D printing for tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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14
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Karaca TH, Çiçek B, Aydoğmuş T, Sun Y. The effect of graphene-nanoplatelet and nano-teflon on mechanical properties of UV photo-resin 3D printer products. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2061862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bünyamin Çiçek
- Machine and Metal Technologies, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Tuna Aydoğmuş
- Electric and Energy, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Sun
- Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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15
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Protick F, Amit SK, Amar K, Nath SD, Akand R, Davis VA, Nilufar S, Chowdhury F. Additive Manufacturing of Viscoelastic Polyacrylamide Substrates for Mechanosensing Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24384-24395. [PMID: 35874232 PMCID: PMC9301700 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized polyacrylamide (PAA) substrates are linearly elastic hydrogels that are widely used in mechanosensing studies due to their biocompatibility, wide range of functionalization capability, and tunable mechanical properties. However, such cellular response on purely elastic substrates, which do not mimic the viscoelastic living tissues, may not be physiologically relevant. Because the cellular response on 2D viscoelastic PAA substrates remains largely unknown, we used stereolithography (SLA)-based additive manufacturing technique to create viscoelastic PAA substrates with tunable mechanical properties that allow us to identify physiologically relevant cellular behaviors. Three PAA substrates of different complex moduli were fabricated by SLA. By embedding fluorescent markers during the additive manufacturing of the substrates, we show a homogeneous and uniform composition throughout, which conventional manufacturing techniques cannot produce. Rheological investigation of the additively manufactured PAA substrates shows a viscoelastic behavior with a 5-10% loss moduli compared to their elastic moduli, mimicking the living tissues. To understand the cell mechanosensing on the dissipative PAA substrates, single live cells were seeded on PAA substrates to establish the basic relationships between cell traction, cytoskeletal prestress, and cell spreading. With the increasing substrate moduli, we observed a concomitant increase in cellular traction and prestress, but not cell spreading, suggesting that cell spreading can be decoupled from traction and intracellular prestress in physiologically relevant environments. Together, additively manufactured PAA substrates fill the void of lacking real tissue like viscoelastic materials that can be used in a variety of mechanosensing studies with superior reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardeen
Kabir Protick
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Sadat Kamal Amit
- Samuel
Ginn Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Kshitij Amar
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Shukantu Dev Nath
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Rafee Akand
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Virginia A. Davis
- Samuel
Ginn Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Sabrina Nilufar
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Farhan Chowdhury
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
- Biomedical
Engineering Program, School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical
Engineering, Southern Illinois University
Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United
States
- Materials
Technology Center, Southern Illinois University
Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United
States
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16
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Müller SM, Schlögl S, Wiesner T, Haas M, Griesser T. Recent Advances in Type I Photoinitiators for Visible Light Induced Photopolymerization. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Monika Müller
- Montanuniversität Leoben: Montanuniversitat Leoben Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials AUSTRIA
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Chemistry of Elastomers and Surfaces AUSTRIA
| | - Tanja Wiesner
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Michael Haas
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Montanuniversitat Leoben Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials Otto Glöckel-Straße 2/IV 8700 Leoben AUSTRIA
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17
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Bao Y. Recent Trends in Advanced Photoinitiators for Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200202. [PMID: 35579565 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3D printing has revolutionized the way of manufacturing with a huge impact on various fields, in particular biomedicine. Vat photopolymerization-based 3D printing techniques such as stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) attracted considerable attention owing to their superior print resolution, relatively high speed, low cost and flexibility in resin material design. As one key element of the SLA/DLP resin, photoinitiators or photoinitiating systems have experienced significant development in recent years, in parallel with the exploration of 3D printing (macro)monomers. The design of new photoinitiating systems can not only offer faster 3D printing speed and enable low-energy visible light fabrication, but also can bring new functions to the 3D printed products and even generate new printing methods in combination with advanced optics. This review evaluates recent trends in the development and application of advanced photoinitiators and photoinitiating systems for vat photopolymerization 3D printing, with a wide range of small molecules, polymers and nanoassemblies involved. Personal perspectives on the current limitations and future directions are eventually provided. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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18
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Risangud N, Kunkit N, Sungkhaphan P, Hankamolsiri W, Sornchalerm L, Thongkham S, Chansaenpak K. Amphiphilic polymeric photoinitiator composed of PEG-b-PCL diblock copolymer for three-dimensional printing of hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Wang H, Zhang B, Zhang J, He X, Liu F, Cui J, Lu Z, Hu G, Yang J, Zhou Z, Wang R, Hou X, Ma L, Ren P, Ge Q, Li P, Huang W. General One-Pot Method for Preparing Highly Water-Soluble and Biocompatible Photoinitiators for Digital Light Processing-Based 3D Printing of Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55507-55516. [PMID: 34767336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile but general method to prepare highly water-soluble and biocompatible photoinitiators for digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing of high-resolution hydrogel structures. Through a simple and straightforward one-pot procedure, we can synthesize a metal-phenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinates (M-TMPP)-based photoinitiator with excellent water solubility (up to ∼50 g/L), which is much higher than that of previously reported water-soluble photoinitiators. The M-TMPP aqueous solutions show excellent biocompatibility, which meets the prerequisite for biomedical applications. Moreover, we used M-TMPP to prepare visible light (405 nm)-curable hydrogel precursor solutions for 3D printing hydrogel structures with a high water content (80 wt %), high resolution (∼7 μm), high deformability (more than 80% compression), and complex geometry. The printed hydrogel structures demonstrate great potential in flexible electronic sensors due to the fast mechanical response and high stability under cyclic loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiangnan He
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fukang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guang Hu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xingyu Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Luankexin Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Panyu Ren
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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20
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Ahn D, Stevens LM, Zhou K, Page ZA. Additives for Ambient 3D Printing with Visible Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104906. [PMID: 34523168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With 3D printing, the desire is to be "limited only by imagination," and although remarkable advancements have been made in recent years, the scope of printable materials remains narrow compared to other forms of manufacturing. Light-driven polymerization methods for 3D printing are particularly attractive due to unparalleled speed and resolution, yet the reliance on high-energy UV/violet light in contemporary processes limits the number of compatible materials due to pervasive absorption, scattering, and degradation at these short wavelengths. Such issues can be addressed with visible-light photopolymerizations. However, these lower-energy methods often suffer from slow reaction times and sensitivity to oxygen, precluding their utility in 3D printing processes that require rapid hardening (curing) to maximize build speed and resolution. Herein, multifunctional thiols are identified as simple additives to enable rapid high-resolution visible-light 3D printing under ambient (atmospheric O2 ) conditions that rival modern UV/violet-based technology. The present process is universal, providing access to commercially relevant acrylic resins with a range of disparate mechanical responses from strong and stiff to soft and extensible. Pushing forward, the insight presented within this study will inform the development of next-generation 3D-printing materials, such as multicomponent hydrogels and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lynn M Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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21
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Sandmeier M, Paunović N, Conti R, Hofmann L, Wang J, Luo Z, Masania K, Wu N, Kleger N, Coulter FB, Studart AR, Grützmacher H, Leroux JC, Bao Y. Solvent-Free Three-Dimensional Printing of Biodegradable Elastomers Using Liquid Macrophotoinitiators. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sandmeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nevena Paunović
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leopold Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Wang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Na Wu
- Lab of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kleger
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fergal Brian Coulter
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R. Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yinyin Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Le CMQ, Petitory T, Wu X, Spangenberg A, Ortyl J, Galek M, Infante L, Thérien‐Aubin H, Chemtob A. Water‐Soluble Photoinitiators from Dimethylamino‐Substituted Monoacylphosphine Oxide for Hydrogel and Latex Preparation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Tatiana Petitory
- CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Xingyu Wu
- CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Arnaud Spangenberg
- CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Cracow University of Technology Warszawska 24 Cracow 31‐155 Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd Bobrzyńskiego 14 Cracow 30‐348 Poland
| | - Mariusz Galek
- Photo HiTech Ltd Bobrzyńskiego 14 Cracow 30‐348 Poland
| | - Lorena Infante
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | | | - Abraham Chemtob
- CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg France
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23
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Bagheri A, Fellows CM, Boyer C. Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: From Polymer Network Synthesis to 3D Printing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003701. [PMID: 33717856 PMCID: PMC7927619 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has changed the fabrication of advanced materials as it can provide customized and on-demand 3D networks. However, 3D printing of polymer materials with the capacity to be transformed after printing remains a great challenge for engineers, material, and polymer scientists. Radical polymerization has been conventionally used in photopolymerization-based 3D printing, as in the broader context of crosslinked polymer networks. Although this reaction pathway has shown great promise, it offers limited control over chain growth, chain architecture, and thus the final properties of the polymer networks. More fundamentally, radical polymerization produces dead polymer chains incapable of postpolymerization transformations. Alternatively, the application of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) to polymer networks allows the tuning of network homogeneity and more importantly, enables the production of advanced materials containing dormant reactivatable species that can be used for subsequent processes in a postsynthetic stage. Consequently, the opportunities that (photoactivated) RDRP-based networks offer have been leveraged through the novel concepts of structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular gels, living additive manufacturing and photoexpandable/transformable-polymer networks. Herein, the advantages of RDRP-based networks over irreversibly formed conventional networks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bagheri
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia
| | - Christopher M. Fellows
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia
- Desalination Technologies Research InstituteAl Jubail31951Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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24
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Poupart O, Conti R, Schmocker A, Pancaldi L, Moser C, Nuss KM, Sakar MS, Dobrocky T, Grützmacher H, Mosimann PJ, Pioletti DP. Pulsatile Flow-Induced Fatigue-Resistant Photopolymerizable Hydrogels for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619858. [PMID: 33553124 PMCID: PMC7855579 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative intracranial aneurysm embolic agent is emerging in the form of hydrogels due to their ability to be injected in liquid phase and solidify in situ. Hydrogels have the ability to fill an aneurysm sac more completely compared to solid implants such as those used in coil embolization. Recently, the feasibility to implement photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogels in vitro has been demonstrated for aneurysm application. Nonetheless, the physical and mechanical properties of such hydrogels require further characterization to evaluate their long-term integrity and stability to avoid implant compaction and aneurysm recurrence over time. To that end, molecular weight and polymer content of the hydrogels were tuned to match the elastic modulus and compliance of aneurysmal tissue while minimizing the swelling volume and pressure. The hydrogel precursor was injected and photopolymerized in an in vitro aneurysm model, designed by casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) around 3D printed water-soluble sacrificial molds. The hydrogels were then exposed to a fatigue test under physiological pulsatile flow, inducing a combination of circumferential and shear stresses. The hydrogels withstood 5.5 million cycles and no significant weight loss of the implant was observed nor did the polymerized hydrogel protrude or migrate into the parent artery. Slight surface erosion defects of 2–10 μm in depth were observed after loading compared to 2 μm maximum for non-loaded hydrogels. These results show that our fine-tuned photopolymerized hydrogel is expected to withstand the physiological conditions of an in vivo implant study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Poupart
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schmocker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Pancaldi
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja M Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut S Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal J Mosimann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Elahpour N, Pahlevanzadeh F, Kharaziha M, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ramakrishna S, Berto F. 3D printed microneedles for transdermal drug delivery: A brief review of two decades. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120301. [PMID: 33540018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology shows excellent potential in controlled drug delivery, which has got rising attention from investigators and clinics. MNs can pierce through the stratum corneum layer of the skin into the epidermis, evading interaction with nerve fibers. MN patches have been fabricated using various types of materials and application processes. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing gives the prototyping and manufacturing methods the flexibility to produce the MN patches in a one-step manner with high levels of shape complexity and duplicability. This review aims to go through the last successes in 3D printed MN-based patches. In this regard, after the evaluation of various types of MNs and fabrication techniques, we will study different 3D printing approaches applied for MN patch fabrication. We further highlight the state of the art of the long-acting MNs and related progress with a specific look at what should come within the scope of upcoming researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Elahpour
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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26
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Zhu Y, Ramadani E, Egap E. Thiol ligand capped quantum dot as an efficient and oxygen tolerance photoinitiator for aqueous phase radical polymerization and 3D printing under visible light. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here a rapid visible-light-induced radical polymerization in aqueous media photoinitiated by only ppm level thiol ligand capped cadmium selenide quantum dots. The photoinitiation system could be readily employed for photo 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
| | - Emira Ramadani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
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27
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Li J, Zhang X, Nie J, Zhu X. Visible light and water-soluble photoinitiating system based on the charge transfer complex for free radical photopolymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Wu Q, Liao W, Wang X, Xiong Y, Tang H. Sole‐Component Visible Macrophotoinitiators with Si‐H: Decreased Oxygen Inhibition and Modified Cured Polymer Materials. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wen Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Hongding Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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29
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Lee M, Rizzo R, Surman F, Zenobi-Wong M. Guiding Lights: Tissue Bioprinting Using Photoactivated Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10950-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Lee
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Eren TN, Gencoglu T, Abdallah M, Lalevée J, Avci D. A water soluble and highly reactive bisphosphonate functionalized thioxanthone-based photoinitiator. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Noirbent G, Dumur F. Recent advances on naphthalic anhydrides and 1,8-naphthalimide-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Tomal W, Ortyl J. Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1073. [PMID: 32392892 PMCID: PMC7285382 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system that, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria such as high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations, and applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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33
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New Phosphine Oxides as High Performance Near- UV Type I Photoinitiators of Radical Polymerization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071671. [PMID: 32260383 PMCID: PMC7180553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbazole structures are of high interest in photopolymerization due to their enhanced light absorption properties in the near-UV or even visible ranges. Therefore, type I photoinitiators combining the carbazole chromophore to the well-established phosphine-oxides were proposed and studied in this article. The aim of this article was to propose type I photoinitiators that can be more reactive than benchmark phosphine oxides, which are among the more reactive type I photoinitiators for a UV or near-UV light emitting diodes (LED) irradiation. Two molecules were synthesized and their UV-visible light absorption properties as well as the quantum yields of photolysis and photopolymerization performances were measured. Remarkably, the associated absorption was enhanced in the 350-410 nm range compared to benchmark phosphine oxides, and one compound was found to be more reactive in photopolymerization than the commercial photoinitiator TPO-L for an irradiation at 395 nm.
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34
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Poupart O, Schmocker A, Conti R, Moser C, Nuss KM, Grützmacher H, Mosimann PJ, Pioletti DP. In vitro Implementation of Photopolymerizable Hydrogels as a Potential Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:261. [PMID: 32318555 PMCID: PMC7146053 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms are increasingly being treated with endovascular therapy, namely coil embolization. Despite being minimally invasive, partial occlusion and recurrence are more frequent compared to open surgical clipping. Therefore, an alternative treatment is needed, ideally combining minimal invasiveness and long-term efficiency. Herein, we propose such an alternative treatment based on an injectable, radiopaque and photopolymerizable polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate hydrogel. The rheological measurements demonstrated a viscosity of 4.86 ± 1.70 mPa.s, which was significantly lower than contrast agent currently used in endovascular treatment (p = 0.42), allowing the hydrogel to be injected through 430 μm inner diameter microcatheters. Photorheology revealed fast hydrogel solidification in 8 min due to the use of a new visible photoinitiator. The addition of an iodinated contrast agent in the precursor contributed to the visibility of the precursor injection under fluoroscopy. Using a customized light-conducting microcatheter and illumination module, the hydrogel was implanted in an in vitro silicone aneurysm model. Specifically, in situ fast and controllable injection and photopolymerization of the developed hydrogel is shown to be feasible in this work. Finally, the precursor and the polymerized hydrogel exhibit no toxicity for the endothelial cells. Photopolymerizable hydrogels are expected to be promising candidates for future intracranial aneurysm treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Poupart
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schmocker
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja M. Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal J. Mosimann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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35
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Water soluble polymeric photoinitiator for dual-curing of acrylates and methacrylates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Zhang J, Wang S, Lalevée J, Morlet‐Savary F, Lam ES, Graff B, Liu J, Xing F, Xiao P. 1,2‐Diketones as photoinitiators of both cationic and free‐radical photopolymerization under UV (392 nm) or Blue (455 nm) LEDs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Morlet‐Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Elizabeth S.‐H. Lam
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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37
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Li T, Su Z, Xu H, Ma X, Yin J, Jiang X. A supramolecular polymeric photoinitiator with enhanced dispersion in photo-curing systems. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and general approach to make the commercial photoinitiator water-soluble and polymeric was developed via supramolecular interactions, which is believed to find wide potential applications in the photo-curing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Zhilong Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Hongjie Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
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38
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Bagheri A, Engel KE, Bainbridge CWA, Xu J, Boyer C, Jin J. 3D printing of polymeric materials based on photo-RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01419e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we report 3D printing of RAFT-based formulations to fabricate functional objects in a layer-by-layer fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bagheri
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies
| | - Kyle Edward Engel
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
| | | | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney NSW 2052
- Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney NSW 2052
- Australia
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies
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39
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Li YH, Chen YC. Triphenylamine-hexaarylbiimidazole derivatives as hydrogen-acceptor photoinitiators for free radical photopolymerization under UV and LED light. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01605h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three triphenylamine-based hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) derivatives featuring different numbers of methoxy groups (none for HABI1, two for HABI2, and four for HABI3) have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Heng Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- Kaohsiung 80778
- Republic of China
| | - Yung-Chung Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- Kaohsiung 80778
- Republic of China
- Photo-sensitive Material Advanced Research and Technology Center (Photo-SMART)
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40
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Shete AU, Sutherland BP, Kloxin CJ. One-component rapid Norrish Type II photoinitiation of bulk photo-CuAAC polymer networks. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-component photoinitiation scheme was devised utilizing amine-centered trialkyne monomers for the formation of bulk photo-CuAAC polymer networks. The novel monomers maintain rapid polymerization kinetics and allow for tuning of the Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek U. Shete
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Bryan P. Sutherland
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Christopher J. Kloxin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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41
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Rahal M, Abdallah M, Bui TT, Goubard F, Graff B, Dumur F, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Lalevée J. Design of new phenothiazine derivatives as visible light photoinitiators. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, four new phenothiazine derivatives (denoted as PT1, PT2, PT3 and PT4) are specifically in silico designed by molecular modelling for good light absorption properties @405 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rahal
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Mira Abdallah
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | | | | | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- LEADDER and MCEMA Laboratories
- EDST
- Faculty of Sciences
- Lebanese University
- Hadath
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- LEADDER and MCEMA Laboratories
- EDST
- Faculty of Sciences
- Lebanese University
- Hadath
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
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42
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Tomal W, Pilch M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Galek M, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Dietlin C, Lalevée J, Ortyl J. Photoinitiator-catalyst systems based on meta-terphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers of iodonium and thianthrenium salts for visible photopolymerization in 3D printing processes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Application of new photoinitiator-catalyst systems based on meta-terphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers of iodonium and thianthrenium salts for visible photopolymerization in 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Maciej Pilch
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | | | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
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43
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Dietlin C, Trinh TT, Schweizer S, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Noirot PA, Lalevée J. Rational Design of Acyldiphenylphosphine Oxides as Photoinitiators of Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dietlin
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thanh Tam Trinh
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Schweizer
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Siegwerk Druckfarben AG & Co. KGaA, Alfred-Keller-Str. 55, 53721 Siegburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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44
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45
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Lai H, Zhu D, Xiao P. Yellow Triazine as an Efficient Photoinitiator for Polymerization and 3D Printing under LEDs. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Lai
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Di Zhu
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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46
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Demina P, Arkharova N, Asharchuk I, Khaydukov K, Karimov D, Rocheva V, Nechaev A, Grigoriev Y, Generalova A, Khaydukov E. Polymerization Assisted by Upconversion Nanoparticles under NIR Light. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132476. [PMID: 31284486 PMCID: PMC6651334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization of nanocomposite materials using near infrared light is one of the unique technologies based on the luminescent properties of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). We explored the UCNP-triggered radical polymerization both in oligomer bulk and on the nanoparticle surface in aqueous dispersion. Core/shell UCNPs NaYF4:Yb3+ and Tm3+/NaYF4 with emitting lines in the ultraviolet and blue regions were used to activate a photoinitiator. The study of the bulk photopolymerization in an initially homogeneous reaction mixture showed the UCNP redistribution due to gradient density occurring in the volume, which led to formation of UCNP superlattices and spheres "frozen" in a polymer matrix. We also developed a strategy of "grafting from" the surface, providing polymer shell growth directly on the nanoparticles. The photosensitization of the endogenous water-soluble photoinitiator riboflavin by the resonance energy transfer from UCNPs was demonstrated in the course of monomer glycidyl methacrylate polymerization followed by photocrosslinking with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate on the nanoparticle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Demina
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Natalya Arkharova
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Ilya Asharchuk
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Kirill Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Denis Karimov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Vasilina Rocheva
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Andrey Nechaev
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Moscow Technological University, Vernadsky Avenue 78, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Yuriy Grigoriev
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Alla Generalova
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia.
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Institute of Mathematics and Informational Technologies, Volgograd State University, Universitetskiy Prospect, 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia.
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47
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Zhang J, Lalevée J, Hill NS, Peng X, Zhu D, Kiehl J, Morlet-Savary F, Stenzel MH, Coote ML, Xiao P. Photoinitiation Mechanism and Ability of Monoamino-Substituted Anthraquinone Derivatives as Cationic Photoinitiators of Polymerization under LEDs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900234. [PMID: 31210405 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of photoinitiating systems applicable to UV or even visible light delivered from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been attracting increasing attention due to their great potential applications in various fields. Compared to the strategy of synthesizing novel compounds, the exploration of existing chemicals with interesting photochemical/photophysical properties for their usage as photoinitiators is more appealing and easily commercialized. Nevertheless, a number of compounds such as monoamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, which are intensively investigated for their photophysical and photochemical properties, have seldom been studied for their roles as photoinitiators under LED irradiation. Herein, three monoamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, that is, 1-aminoanthraquinone, 1-(methylamino)anthraquinone and 1-(benzamido)anthraquinone, are studied for their potential as photoinitiators. The photoinitiation mechanism of these monoamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, when combined with iodonium salt, is first clarified using computational quantum chemistry, fluorescence, steady-state photolysis, and electron spin resonance spin-trapping techniques. Then, their photoinitiation ability for the cationic photopolymerization of epoxide and divinyl ether monomers is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicholas S Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xiaotong Peng
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Di Zhu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jonathan Kiehl
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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48
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Schmallegger M, Eibel A, Menzel JP, Kelterer AM, Zalibera M, Barner-Kowollik C, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Unprecedented Bifunctional Chemistry of Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides in Aqueous and Alcoholic Media. Chemistry 2019; 25:8982-8986. [PMID: 31070829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tailor-made photoinitiators play an important role for efficient radical polymerisations in aqueous media, especially in hydrogel manufacturing. Bis(acyl)phosphane oxides (BAPOs) are among the most active initiators. Herein, we show that they display a remarkable photochemistry in aqueous and alcoholic media: Photolysis of BAPOs in the presence of water or alcohols provides a new delocalized π-radical, which does not participate in the polymerization. It either converts into a monoacylphosphane oxide acting as a secondary photoactive species or it works as a one-electron reducing agent. Upon the electron-transfer process, it again produces a dormant photoinitiator. We have established the structure and the chemistry of this π radical using steady-state and time-resolved (CIDEP) EPR together with ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Our results show that bis(acyl)phosphane oxides act as bifunctional reagents when applied in aqueous and alcoholic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan P Menzel
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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49
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Cao Q, Heil T, Kumru B, Antonietti M, Schmidt BVKJ. Visible-light induced emulsion photopolymerization with carbon nitride as a stabilizer and photoinitiator. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride is utilized as a stabilizer and photoinitiator for surfactant-free emulsion polymerization under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
- School of Chemistry
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50
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Zhou Y, Liao W, Ni X. Improving photocatalytic free radical polymerization with hydrochloric acid. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving photocatalytic free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wanfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
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