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Horwath JP, Lin XM, He H, Zhang Q, Dufresne EM, Chu M, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Chen W, Narayanan S, Cherukara MJ. AI-NERD: Elucidation of relaxation dynamics beyond equilibrium through AI-informed X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5945. [PMID: 39009571 PMCID: PMC11251071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and interpreting dynamics of functional materials in situ is a grand challenge in physics and materials science due to the difficulty of experimentally probing materials at varied length and time scales. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is uniquely well-suited for characterizing materials dynamics over wide-ranging time scales. However, spatial and temporal heterogeneity in material behavior can make interpretation of experimental XPCS data difficult. In this work, we have developed an unsupervised deep learning (DL) framework for automated classification of relaxation dynamics from experimental data without requiring any prior physical knowledge of the system. We demonstrate how this method can be used to accelerate exploration of large datasets to identify samples of interest, and we apply this approach to directly correlate microscopic dynamics with macroscopic properties of a model system. Importantly, this DL framework is material and process agnostic, marking a concrete step towards autonomous materials discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Horwath
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Hongrui He
- Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Miaoqi Chu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
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Jiang H, Xu J, Zhang Q, Yu Q, Shen L, Liu M, Sun Y, Cao C, Su D, Bai H, Meng S, Sun B, Gu L, Wang W. Direct observation of atomic-level fractal structure in a metallic glass membrane. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1312-1318. [PMID: 36654153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Determination and conceptualization of atomic structures of metallic glasses or amorphous alloys remain a grand challenge. Structural models proposed for bulk metallic glasses are still controversial owing to experimental difficulties in directly imaging the atom positions in three-dimensional structures. With the advanced atomic-resolution imaging, here we directly observed the atomic arrangements in atomically thin metallic glassy membranes obtained by vapor deposition. The atomic packing in the amorphous membrane is shown to have a fractal characteristic, with the fractal dimension depending on the atomic density. Locally, the atomic configuration for the metallic glass membrane is composed of many types of polygons with the bonding angles concentrated on 45°-55°. The fractal atomic structure is consistent with the analysis by the percolation theory, and may account for the enhanced relaxation dynamics and the easiness of glass transition as reported for the thin metallic glassy films or glassy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Laiquan Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yitao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chengrong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyang Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weihua Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zaccone A. Relaxation and vibrational properties in metal alloys and other disordered systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:203001. [PMID: 31962298 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics and the vibrational spectra of amorphous solids, such as metal alloys, have been intensely investigated as well separated topics in the past. The aim of this review is to summarize recent results in both these areas in an attempt to establish, or unveil, deeper connections between the two phenomena of relaxation and vibration. Theoretical progress in the area of slow relaxation dynamics of liquid and glassy systems and in the area of vibrational spectra of glasses and liquids is reviewed. After laying down a generic modelling framework to connect vibration and relaxation, the physics of metal alloys is considered where the emergence of power-law exponents has been identified both in the vibrational density of states (VDOS) as well as in density correlations. Also, theoretical frameworks which connect the VDOS to the relaxation behaviour and mechanical viscoelastic response in metallic glasses are reviewed. The same generic interpretative framework is then applied to the case of molecular glass formers where the emergence of stretched-exponential relaxation in dielectric relaxation can be put in quantitative relation with the VDOS by means of memory-function approaches. Further connections between relaxation and vibration are provided by the study of phonon linewidths in liquids and glasses, where a natural starting point is given by hydrodynamic theories. Finally, an agenda of outstanding issues including the appearance of compressed exponential relaxation in the intermediate scattering function of experimental and simulated systems (metal alloys, colloidal gels, jammed packings) is presented in light of available (or yet to be developed) mathematical models, and compared to non-exponential behaviour measured with macroscopic means such as mechanical spectroscopy/rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics 'A. Pontremoli', University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy. Statistical Physics Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, United Kingdom. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB30HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
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