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Kubiak B, Muzioł T, Wrzeszcz G, Radtke A, Golińska P, Jędrzejewski T, Wrotek S, Piszczek P. Structural Characterization and Bioactivity of a Titanium(IV)-Oxo Complex Stabilized by Mandelate Ligands. Molecules 2024; 29:1736. [PMID: 38675556 PMCID: PMC11052117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on titanium-oxo complexes (TOCs) is usually focused on their structure and photocatalytic properties. Findings from these investigations further sparked our interest in exploring their potential biological activities. In this study, we focused on the synthesis and structure of a compound with the general formula [Ti8O2(OiPr)20(man)4] (1), which was isolated from the reaction mixture of titanium(IV) isopropoxide with mandelic acid (Hman) in a molar ratio of 4:1. The structure (1) was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, while spectroscopic studies provided insights into its physicochemical properties. To assess the potential practical applications of (1), its microcrystals were incorporated into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix, yielding composite materials of the type PMMA + (1) (2 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 20 wt.%). The next stage of our research involved the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the obtained materials. The investigations performed demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of pure (1) and its composites (PMMA + (1)) against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Furthermore, MTT tests conducted on the L929 murine fibroblast cell line confirmed the lack of cytotoxicity of these composites. Our study identified (1) as a promising antimicrobial agent, which is also may be use for producing composite coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kubiak
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Tadeusz Muzioł
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Grzegorz Wrzeszcz
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Radtke
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Piotr Piszczek
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.)
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2
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Preparation, crystal structure, luminescence and Hirshfeld surface of hydroxynaphthene-based compounds. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Zhang L, Fan X, Yi X, Lin X, Zhang J. Coordination-Delayed-Hydrolysis Method for the Synthesis and Structural Modulation of Titanium-Oxo Clusters. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3150-3161. [PMID: 36223528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusAtomically precise titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs) are the structure and reactivity model compounds of technically important TiO2 materials, which could help build structure-property relationships and achieve property modulation at the molecular level. However, the traditional formation of TOCs has relied on the poorly controllable hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in the solvent for a long time, limiting the development of TOC structural chemistry to a great extent. In addition, easily hydrolyzable alkoxy groups would be still coordinated on the surface of the TOCs generated by this method, making the clusters sensitive and unstable to the moisture. To achieve controllable preparation of TOCs, we believe it is crucial to attenuate the hydrolysis of titanium ions in the formation process of a cluster. To this end, we have recently applied an effective coordination-delayed-hydrolysis (CDH) strategy for TOC synthesis, which provides powerful tools for tuning their structures.In this Account, at the beginning, a brief introduction to the coordination-delayed-hydrolysis strategy is supplied, and its predominant features for constructing novel TOCs are highlighted. In subsequent sections, we discuss how the applied chelating organic/inorganic ligands (named hydrolysis delayed ligands) influence the hydrolysis process of Ti4+ ions to form a large family of TOCs with various nuclearities and core structures. Various hydrolysis delayed ligands have been explored, ranging from common O-donor ligands (carboxylate, phenol, or sulfate) to rarely used N-donor ligands (pyrazole) or bifunctional O/N-donor ones (quinoline, oxime, or alkanolamine). Breakthroughs in the symmetry, configuration, and cluster nuclei of TOCs have been accordingly achieved. Then, we show that this CDH method can be used to tune the surface structure of TOCs by modifying functional organic ligands. As a result, the physicochemical properties of TOCs, especially optical band gaps, can be optimized, and their stability under ambient conditions is significantly improved. In addition, we illustrate that the reversible bonds between hydrolysis delayed ligands and Ti ions further allows us to introduce active heterometal ions or clusters upon or inside the Ti-O cores to prepare heterometallic TOCs with unprecedented structures and properties. In particular, noble metal (Ag ions or clusters) has been incorporated into Ti-O clusters for the first time. As a summary, the coordination-delayed-hydrolysis strategy has realized the controllable hydrolysis of Ti4+ ions to some extent, breaking through the limitations of traditional synthesis methods and producing fruitful results in the field of titanium-oxo clusters. It is believed that this CDH method would also be effective for synthesizing oxo clusters of other easily hydrolyzed metal ions (Al3+, Sn4+, In3+, etc.) to afford significant contribution for the cluster community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Schubert U. Titanium-Oxo Clusters with Bi- and Tridentate Organic Ligands: Gradual Evolution of the Structures from Small to Big. Chemistry 2021; 27:11239-11256. [PMID: 34018652 PMCID: PMC8457127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homometallic titanium oxo clusters are one of the most important groups of metal oxo clusters, with more than 300 examples characterized by X-ray structure analyses. Most of them are uncharged and are obtained by partial hydrolysis and condensation of titanium alkoxo derivatives. The cluster cores, ranging from 3 to >50 titanium atoms, are stabilized by organic ligands. Apart from residual OR groups, carboxylato and phosphonato ligands are most frequent. The article critically reviews and categorizes the known structures and works out basic construction principles by comparing the different cluster types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Materials ChemistryTechnische Universität WienGetreidemarkt 91060WienAustria
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Kazimierczuk K, Milanesio M, Dołęga A, Palin L, Walencik M, Jurkowski M, Conterosito E. Solvothermal synthesis and structural characterization of three polyoxotitanium-organic acid clusters. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25068-25078. [PMID: 35481040 PMCID: PMC9037011 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new titanium oxo-clusters Ti4O2(OiPr)10(OOCPhMe)2 (I), Ti6O4(OEt)8(OOCPhMe)8 (II) and Ti6O6(OEt)6(OOCCHPh2)6 (III) were obtained by easy one-step solvothermal reactions of titanium(iv) isopropoxide, alcohols and carboxylic acids. The three compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, TGA/DSC, optical and electron microscopy, and FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopy confirmed the purity of the compounds. Structural analysis indicates that in all compounds the titanium(iv) ions are six-coordinated (distorted octahedra). (I) is a tetranuclear complex containing a Ti4(μ4-O)(μ2-O) core, which is linked by two (μ2-OOCPhMe), four (μ2-OiPr) and six OiPr ligands. (II) and (III) are hexanuclear complexes with different cores, respectively Ti6(μ3-O)2(μ2-O)2 and Ti6(μ3-O)6. The coordination sphere of the Ti atoms is filled by eight (μ2-OOCPhMe), two (μ2-OEt) and six OEt in (II) and six (μ2-OOCHPh2) and six OEt in (III). Different steric hindrance of substituents attached to the carboxyl group or different concentrations lead to three main different cluster geometries with two ligands. The tetranuclear and the hexanuclear clusters were obtained with the OOCPhMe ligand, while the hexagonal prism cluster was obtained with the OOCCHPh2 ligand. Hirshfeld surface calculations indicated that the packing is driven by C–O⋯H–C weak hydrogen bonds. The clusters can be used as molecular models of organic molecules bonded to titania surface, used in organic photovoltaic (dye sensitized solar cells) or other optoelectronic applications. Crystal structures of three novel titanium oxo-clusters with different cores and ligands obtained by an easy and convenient solvothermal method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Anna Dołęga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Luca Palin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
- Nova Res s.r.l
- 28100 Novara
| | - Maja Walencik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Michał Jurkowski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
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Gao M, Zhang L, Zhang J. Acid‐Controlled Synthesis of Carboxylate‐Stabilized Ti
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‐Oxo Clusters: Scaling up Preparation, Exchangeable Protecting Ligands, and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:10450-10455. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
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Wang C, Liu C, Li LJ, Sun ZM. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photochemical Properties of a Family of Heterometallic Titanium Oxo Clusters. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6312-6319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lei- Jiao Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Canter of Optical Materials and Chemistry, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Ding QR, Xu GL, Zhang L, Zhang J. Ligand-directed assembly engineering of trapezoidal {Ti5} building blocks stabilized by dimethylglyoxime. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9916-9919. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A facile approach of ligand-directed assembly of trapezoidal {Ti5} building blocks was successfully established, which gave rise to interesting hybrid clusters including the first molecular assembly of porphyrin photosensitizer and titanium-oxo cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Rong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Gui-Lan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
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Meng W, Qin Y, Hou Q, He W, Li J, Xu F. Dinuclear cage-core [Co2]/[Ni2] oxo-clusters supported by Sb(III) tartrate scaffolds: Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Gao MY, Fan X, Zhang L, Zhang J. Dicarboxylate Ligands Oriented Assembly of {Ti3(μ3-O)} Units: From Dimer to Coordination Triangles and Rectangles. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5642-5647. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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Lv HT, Li HM, Zou GD, Cui Y, Huang Y, Fan Y. Titanium-oxo clusters functionalized with catecholate-type ligands: modulating the optical properties through charge-transfer transitions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8158-8163. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01844h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer transitions effectively modulated the optical properties of the catecholate-type ligand functionalized titanium-oxo clusters [Ti8(μ3-O)2(μ2-O)2(μ2-OiPr)4(OiPr)8(O3PC6H5)4(cat)2] and [Ti8(μ3-O)2(μ2-O)2(μ2-OiPr)4(OiPr)8(O3PC6H5)4(O2C10H6)2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ting Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Hua-Min Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Guo-Dong Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Ying Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Yang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Yang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
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