1
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Cheng Q, Hao A, Xing P. Selective chiral dimerization and folding driven by arene-perfluoroarene force. Chem Sci 2024; 15:618-628. [PMID: 38179513 PMCID: PMC10762935 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization and folding of chiral compounds afford diversified chiral molecular architectures with interesting chiroptical properties, but their rational and precise control remain poorly understood. In this work, we employed arene-perfluoroarene (AP) interaction to manipulate the folding and dimerization of alanine derivatives bearing pyrene and a perfluoronaphthalene derivative. Based on X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, the compound with a smaller tether and high skeleton rigidity self-assembled into double helical dimers by duplex hydrogen bonding and AP forces in a less polar solvent. Reversible disassociation occurred upon switching to a dipolar solvent or applying heating-cooling cycles. In comparison, the compound with increased skeleton flexibility folds into chiral molecular clamps in a less polar solvent, and is transformed into planar dimers upon switching to a polar solvent. The dynamic geometrical transformation between dimerization and folding was accompanied by chiroptical switching. Beyond the molecular and supramolecular level, we showed hierarchy control in the self-assembled nanoarchitectures and columnar and lamellar arrangements of their molecular packing. This work utilized AP forces to prepare and manipulate the chiral architectures at different hierarchical levels, enriching methodologies in precise chiral synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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2
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Morgun E, Zhu J, Almunif S, Bobbala S, Aguilar MS, Wang J, Conner K, Cui Y, Cao L, Seshadri C, Scott EA, Wang CR. Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. eLife 2023; 12:RP87431. [PMID: 37877801 PMCID: PMC10599656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection elicits both protein and lipid antigen-specific T cell responses. However, the incorporation of lipid antigens into subunit vaccine strategies and formulations has been underexplored, and the characteristics of vaccine-induced Mtb lipid-specific memory T cells have remained elusive. Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of the Mtb cell wall, is presented by human CD1b molecules to unconventional T cell subsets. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells have been detected in the blood and disease sites of Mtb-infected individuals, suggesting that MA is a promising lipid antigen for incorporation into multicomponent subunit vaccines. In this study, we utilized the enhanced stability of bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN) to efficiently encapsulate MA for in vivo delivery to MA-specific T cells, both alone and in combination with an immunodominant Mtb protein antigen (Ag85B). Pulmonary administration of MA-loaded BCN (MA-BCN) elicited MA-specific T cell responses in humanized CD1 transgenic mice. Simultaneous delivery of MA and Ag85B within BCN activated both MA- and Ag85B-specific T cells. Notably, pulmonary vaccination with MA-Ag85B-BCN resulted in the persistence of MA, but not Ag85B, within alveolar macrophages in the lung. Vaccination of MA-BCN through intravenous or subcutaneous route, or with attenuated Mtb likewise reproduced MA persistence. Moreover, MA-specific T cells in MA-BCN-vaccinated mice differentiated into a T follicular helper-like phenotype. Overall, the BCN platform allows for the dual encapsulation and in vivo activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells and leads to persistent lipid depots that could offer long-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Melissa S Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Kathleen Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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3
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Pagendarm HM, Stone PT, Kimmel BR, Baljon JJ, Aziz MH, Pastora LE, Hubert L, Roth EW, Almunif S, Scott EA, Wilson JT. Engineering endosomolytic nanocarriers of diverse morphologies using confined impingement jet mixing. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16016-16029. [PMID: 37753868 PMCID: PMC10568979 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The clinical translation of many biomolecular therapeutics has been hindered by undesirable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, inadequate membrane permeability, poor endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery, and/or susceptibility to degradation. Overcoming these challenges merits the development of nanoscale drug carriers (nanocarriers) to improve the delivery of therapeutic cargo. Herein, we implement a flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) approach to produce nanocarriers of diverse vesicular morphologies by using various molecular weight PEG-bl-DEAEMA-co-BMA (PEG-DB) polymers. We demonstrated that FNP can produce uniform (PDI < 0.1) particles after 5 impingements, and that by varying the copolymer hydrophilic mass fraction, FNP enables access to a diverse variety of nanoarchitectures including micelles, unilamellar vesicles (polymersomes), and multi-compartment vesicles (MCVs). We synthesized a library of 2 kDa PEG block copolymers, with DEAEMA-co-BMA second block molecular weights of 3, 6, 12, 15, 20, and 30 kDa. All formulations were both pH responsive, endosomolytic, and capable of loading and cytosolically delivering small negatively charged molecules - albeit to different degrees. Using a B16.F10 melanoma model, we showcased the therapeutic potential of a lead FNP formulated PEG-DB nanocarrier, encapsulating the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) cGAMP to activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in a therapeutically relevant context. Collectively, these data demonstrate that an FNP process can be used to formulate pH-responsive nanocarriers of diverse morphologies using a PEG-DB polymer system. As FNP is an industrially scalable process, these data address the critical translational challenge of producing PEG-DB nanoparticles at scale. Furthermore, the diverse morphologies produced may specialize in the delivery of distinct biomolecular cargos for other therapeutic applications, implicating the therapeutic potential of this platform in an array of disease applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden M Pagendarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Payton T Stone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jessalyn J Baljon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Mina H Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lucinda E Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lauren Hubert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Eric W Roth
- NUANCE BioCryo, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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4
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Morgun E, Zhu J, Almunif S, Bobbala S, Aguilar MS, Wang J, Conner K, Cui Y, Cao L, Seshadri C, Scott EA, Wang CR. Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531489. [PMID: 36945395 PMCID: PMC10028924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection elicits both protein and lipid antigen-specific T cell responses. However, the incorporation of lipid antigens into subunit vaccine strategies and formulations has been underexplored, and the characteristics of vaccine-induced Mtb lipid-specific memory T cells have remained elusive. Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of the Mtb cell wall, is presented by human CD1b molecules to unconventional T cell subsets. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells have been detected in the blood and disease sites of Mtb-infected individuals, suggesting that MA is a promising lipid antigen for incorporation into multicomponent subunit vaccines. In this study, we utilized the enhanced stability of bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN) to efficiently encapsulate MA for in vivo delivery to MA-specific T cells, both alone and in combination with an immunodominant Mtb protein antigen (Ag85B). Pulmonary administration of MA-loaded BCN (MA-BCN) elicited MA-specific T cell responses in humanized CD1 transgenic mice. Simultaneous delivery of MA and Ag85B within BCN activated both MA- and Ag85B-specific T cells. Notably, pulmonary vaccination with MA-Ag85B-BCN resulted in the persistence of MA, but not Ag85B, within alveolar macrophages in the lung. Vaccination of MA-BCN through intravenous or subcutaneous route, or with attenuated Mtb likewise reproduced MA persistence. Moreover, MA-specific T cells in MA-BCN-vaccinated mice differentiated into a T follicular helper-like phenotype. Overall, the BCN platform allows for the dual encapsulation and in vivo activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells and leads to persistent lipid depots that could offer long-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Melissa S. Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Zheng L, Bandara SR, Tan Z, Leal C. Lipid nanoparticle topology regulates endosomal escape and delivery of RNA to the cytoplasm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301067120. [PMID: 37364130 PMCID: PMC10318962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301067120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA therapeutics have the potential to resolve a myriad of genetic diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are among the most successful RNA delivery systems. Expanding their use for the treatment of more genetic diseases hinges on our ability to continuously evolve the design of LNPs with high potency, cellular-specific targeting, and low side effects. Overcoming the difficulty of releasing cargo from endocytosed LNPs remains a significant hurdle. Here, we investigate the fundamental properties of nonviral RNA nanoparticles pertaining to the activation of topological transformations of endosomal membranes and RNA translocation into the cytosol. We show that, beyond composition, LNP fusogenicity can be prescribed by designing LNP nanostructures that lower the energetic cost of fusion and fusion-pore formation with a target membrane. The inclusion of structurally active lipids leads to enhanced LNP endosomal fusion, fast evasion of endosomal entrapment, and efficacious RNA delivery. For example, conserving the lipid make-up, RNA-LNPs having cuboplex nanostructures are significantly more efficacious at endosomal escape than traditional lipoplex constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Sarith R. Bandara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
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6
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Caggiano NJ, Nayagam SK, Wang LZ, Wilson BK, Lewis P, Jahangir S, Priestley RD, Prud'homme RK, Ristroph KD. Sequential Flash NanoPrecipitation for the scalable formulation of stable core-shell nanoparticles with core loadings up to 90. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122985. [PMID: 37121493 PMCID: PMC10262063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) is a scalable, single-step process that uses rapid mixing to prepare nanoparticles with a hydrophobic core and amphiphilic stabilizing shell. Because the two steps of particle self-assembly - (1) core nucleation and growth and (2) adsorption of a stabilizing polymer onto the growing core surface - occur simultaneously during FNP, nanoparticles formulated at core loadings above approximately 70% typically exhibit poor stability or do not form at all. Additionally, a fundamental limit on the concentration of total solids that can be introduced into the FNP process has been reported previously. These limits are believed to share a common mechanism: entrainment of the stabilizing polymer into the growing particle core, leading to destabilization and aggregation. Here, we demonstrate a variation of FNP which separates the nucleation and stabilization steps of particle formation into separate sequential mixers. This scheme allows the hydrophobic core to nucleate and grow in the first mixing chamber unimpeded by adsorption of the stabilizing polymer, which is later introduced to the growing nuclei in the second mixer. Using this Sequential Flash NanoPrecipitation (SNaP) technique, we formulate stable nanoparticles with up to 90% core loading by mass and at 6-fold higher total input solids concentrations than typically reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Caggiano
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Satya K Nayagam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Leon Z Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Brian K Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Parker Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Shadman Jahangir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Robert K Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Kurt D Ristroph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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7
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Grandes Reyes CF, Ha S, Kim KT. Synthesis and applications of polymer cubosomes and hexosomes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sungmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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8
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Chen T, Peng Y, Qiu M, Yi C, Xu Z. Recent advances in mixing-induced nanoprecipitation: from creating complex nanostructures to emerging applications beyond biomedicine. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3594-3609. [PMID: 36727557 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixing-induced nanoprecipitation (MINP) is an efficient, controllable, scalable, versatile, and cost-effective technique for the preparation of nanoparticles. In addition to the formulation of drugs, MINP has attracted tremendous interest in other fields. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the preparation of nanoparticles with complex nanostructures via MINP and their emerging applications beyond biomedicine. First, the mechanisms of nanoprecipitation and four mixing approaches for MINP are briefly discussed. Next, three strategies for the preparation of nanoparticles with complex nanostructures including sequential nanoprecipitation, controlling phase separation, and incorporating inorganic nanoparticles, are summarized. Then, emerging applications including the engineering of catalytic nanomaterials, environmentally friendly photovoltaic inks, colloidal surfactants for the preparation of Pickering emulsions, and green templates for the synthesis of nanomaterials, are reviewed. Furthermore, we discuss the structure-function relationships to gain more insight into design principles for the development of functional nanoparticles via MINP. Finally, the remaining issues and future applications are discussed. This review will stimulate the development of nanoparticles with complex nanostructures and their broader applications beyond biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Meishuang Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Changfeng Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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9
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Hughes KA, Misra B, Maghareh M, Bobbala S. Use of stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:6974-6990. [PMID: 36685637 PMCID: PMC9840428 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery has made tremendous advances in the last decade. Targeted therapies are increasingly common, with intracellular delivery highly impactful and sought after. Intracellular drug delivery systems have limitations due to imprecise and non-targeted release profiles. One way this can be addressed is through using stimuli-responsive soft nanoparticles, which contain materials with an organic backbone such as lipids and polymers. The choice of biomaterial is essential for soft nanoparticles to be responsive to internal or external stimuli. The nanoparticle must retain its integrity and payload in non-targeted physiological conditions while responding to particular intracellular environments where payload release is desired. Multiple internal and external factors could stimulate the intracellular release of drugs from nanoparticles. Internal stimuli include pH, oxidation, and enzymes, while external stimuli include ultrasound, light, electricity, and magnetic fields. Stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticulate systems specifically utilized to modulate intracellular delivery of drugs are explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal A. Hughes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Bishal Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Maryam Maghareh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
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10
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Barman S, Borriello F, Brook B, Pietrasanta C, De Leon M, Sweitzer C, Menon M, van Haren SD, Soni D, Saito Y, Nanishi E, Yi S, Bobbala S, Levy O, Scott EA, Dowling DJ. Shaping Neonatal Immunization by Tuning the Delivery of Synergistic Adjuvants via Nanocarriers. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2559-2571. [PMID: 36028220 PMCID: PMC9486804 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvanted nanocarrier-based vaccines hold substantial potential for applications in novel early-life immunization strategies. Here, via mouse and human age-specific in vitro modeling, we identified the combination of a small-molecule STING agonist (2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) and a TLR7/8 agonist (CL075) to drive the synergistic activation of neonatal dendritic cells and precision CD4 T-helper (Th) cell expansion via the IL-12/IFNγ axis. We further demonstrate that the vaccination of neonatal mice with quadrivalent influenza recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) and an admixture of two polymersome (PS) nanocarriers separately encapsulating cGAMP (cGAMP-PS) and CL075 (CL075-PS) drove robust Th1 bias, high frequency of T follicular helper (TFH) cells, and germinal center (GC) B cells along with the IgG2c-skewed humoral response in vivo. Dual-loaded cGAMP/CL075-PSs did not outperform admixed cGAMP-PS and CL075-PS in vivo. These data validate an optimally designed adjuvantation system via age-selected small-molecule synergy and a multicomponent nanocarrier formulation as an effective approach to induce type 1 immune responses in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Barman
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical
Immunology Research (CISI), University of
Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
- WAO
Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Byron Brook
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Fondazione
IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department
of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Maria De Leon
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cali Sweitzer
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Manisha Menon
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Simon D. van Haren
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yoshine Saito
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Chicago, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Chicago, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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11
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Vincent MP, Navidzadeh JO, Bobbala S, Scott EA. Leveraging self-assembled nanobiomaterials for improved cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:255-276. [PMID: 35148814 PMCID: PMC8930620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and targeted drug delivery vehicles improve the therapeutic index of drugs and permit greater control over their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and bioavailability. Here, nanotechnologies applied to cancer immunotherapy are discussed with a focus on current and next generation self-assembling drug delivery systems composed of lipids and/or polymers. Topics covered include the fundamental design, suitability, and inherent properties of nanomaterials that induce anti-tumor immune responses and support anti-cancer vaccination. Established active and passive targeting strategies as well as newer "indirect" methods are presented together with insights into how nanocarrier structure and surface chemistry can be leveraged for controlled delivery to the tumor microenvironment while minimizing off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Justin O Navidzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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12
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Paterson DA, Fong WK, Hook S, Gamble AB. Hydrogen Sulfide-Responsive Bicontinuous Nanospheres. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4770-4782. [PMID: 34652153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) that can self-assemble into particles and be triggered by disease-specific molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have the potential to impact on drug delivery, decreasing off-target toxicities while increasing drug efficacy. However, the incorporation of H2S-responsive aryl azides into BCPs for self-assembly has been limited by heat, light, and radical sensitivities. In this study, a robust activator regenerated by the electron-transfer atom-transfer radical polymerization reaction was used to synthesize aryl-azide-containing BCPs under ambient conditions. Conditions controlling self-assembly of the BCPs into 150-200 nm particles and the physicochemical properties of the particles were investigated. The use of nanoprecipitation with tetrahydrofuran to promote self-assembly of the BCPs resulted in vesicle structures, while dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide resulted in polymeric bicontinuous nanospheres (BCNs). Triggering of the BCPs and particles (vesicles or BCNs) via exposure to H2S revealed that unsubstituted aryl azides were readily reduced (by HS-), resulting in particle disruption or cross-linking. The relative polar nature of the particle bilayers containing unsubstituted aryl azides and the open structure of the BCNs did however limit encapsulation of small hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads. Incorporation of a benzylamide substituent onto the aryl azide group increased the hydrophobicity of the particles and encapsulation of hydrophilic cargo but reduced sensitivity to H2S, likely due to the reduced penetration of HS- into the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wye-Khay Fong
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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13
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Li S, Bobbala S, Vincent MP, Modak M, Liu Y, Scott EA. Pi-stacking Enhances Stability, Scalability of Formation, Control over Flexibility and Circulation Time of Polymeric Filaments. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100063. [PMID: 34870281 PMCID: PMC8635300 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling filomicelles (FM) are of great interest to nanomedicine due to their structural flexibility, extensive systemic circulation time, and amenability to unique "cylinder-to-sphere" morphological transitions. However, current fabrication techniques for FM self-assembly are highly variable and difficult to scale. Here, we demonstrate that tetrablock copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) diblocks linked by a pi-stacking perylene bisimide (PBI) moiety permit rapid, scalable, and facile assembly of FM via the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) method. Co-assembling the tetrablocks and PEG-b-PPS diblocks at different molar ratios resulted in mixed PBI-containing FM (mPBI-FM) with tunable length and flexibility. The flexibility of mPBI-FM can be optimized to decrease uptake by macrophages in vivo, leading to increased circulation time versus (-)PBI-FM without PBI tetrablocks after intravenous administration in mice. While PEG-b-PPS diblocks form FM within a narrow range of hydrophilic weight fractions, incorporation of pi-stacking PBI groups expanded this range to increase favorability of FM assembly. Furthermore, the aggregation-dependent fluorescence of PBI shifted during oxidation-induced "cylinder-to-sphere" transitions of mPBI-FM into micelles, resulting in a distinct emission wavelength for filamentous versus spherical nanostructures. Thus, incorporation of pi-stacking allows for rapid, scalable assembly of FM with tunable flexibility and stability for theranostic and nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mallika Modak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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14
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Vincent MP, Karabin NB, Allen SD, Bobbala S, Frey MA, Yi S, Yang Y, Scott EA. The Combination of Morphology and Surface Chemistry Defines the Immunological Identity of Nanocarriers in Human Blood. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100062. [PMID: 34485684 PMCID: PMC8411909 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Upon exposure to blood, a corona of proteins adsorbs to nanocarrier surfaces to confer a biological identity that interfaces with the immune system. While the nanocarrier surface chemistry has long been the focus of protein corona formation, the influence of nanostructure has remained unclear despite established influences on biodistribution, clearance, and inflammation. Here, combinations of nanocarrier morphology and surface chemistry are engineered to i) achieve compositionally distinct protein coatings in human blood and ii) control protein-mediated interactions with the immune system. A library of nine PEGylated nanocarriers differing in their combination of morphology (spheres, vesicles, and cylinders) and surface chemistry (methoxy, hydroxyl, and phosphate) are synthesized to represent properties of therapeutic and biomimetic delivery vehicles. Analysis by quantitative label-free proteomic techniques reveal that specific surface chemistry and morphology combinations adsorb unique protein signatures from human blood, resulting in differential complement activation and elicitation of distinct proinflammatory cytokine responses. Furthermore, nanocarrier morphology is shown to primarily influence uptake and clearance by human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. This comprehensive analysis provides mechanistic insights into rational design choices that impact the immunological identity of nanocarriers in human blood, which can be leveraged to engineer drug delivery vehicles for precision medicine and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas B Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sean D Allen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Molly A Frey
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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15
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Vincent MP, Stack T, Vahabikashi A, Li G, Perkumas KM, Ren R, Gong H, Stamer WD, Johnson M, Scott EA. Surface Engineering of FLT4-Targeted Nanocarriers Enhances Cell-Softening Glaucoma Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32823-32836. [PMID: 34232612 PMCID: PMC9131393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve and leads to gradual vision loss. Several agents that reduce the stiffness of pressure-regulating Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelial cells, in the conventional outflow pathway of the eye, lower IOP in glaucoma patients and are approved for clinical use. However, poor drug penetration and uncontrolled biodistribution limit their efficacy and produce local adverse effects. Compared to other ocular endothelia, FLT4/VEGFR3 is expressed at elevated levels by SC endothelial cells and can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. Here, we validate FLT4 receptors as clinically relevant targets on SC cells from glaucomatous human donors and engineer polymeric self-assembled nanocarriers displaying lipid-anchored targeting ligands that optimally engage this receptor. Targeting constructs were synthesized as lipid-PEGx-peptide, differing in the number of PEG spacer units (x), and were embedded in micelles. We present a novel proteolysis assay for quantifying ligand accessibility that we employ to design and optimize our FLT4-targeting strategy for glaucoma nanotherapy. Peptide accessibility to proteases correlated with receptor-mediated targeting enhancements. Increasing the accessibility of FLT4-binding peptides enhanced nanocarrier uptake by SC cells while simultaneously decreasing the uptake by off-target vascular endothelial cells. Using a paired longitudinal IOP study in vivo, we show that this enhanced targeting of SC cells translates to IOP reductions that are sustained for a significantly longer time as compared to controls. Confocal microscopy of murine anterior segment tissue confirmed nanocarrier localization to SC within 1 h after intracameral administration. This work demonstrates that steric effects between surface-displayed ligands and PEG coronas significantly impact the targeting performance of synthetic nanocarriers across multiple biological scales. Minimizing the obstruction of modular targeting ligands by PEG measurably improved the efficacy of glaucoma nanotherapy and is an important consideration for engineering PEGylated nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Trevor Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amir Vahabikashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Kristin M Perkumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ruiyi Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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16
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Bobbala S, Vincent MP, Scott EA. Just add water: hydratable, morphologically diverse nanocarrier powders for targeted delivery. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11349-11359. [PMID: 34160529 PMCID: PMC8343964 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two major obstacles that limit the widespread usage of polymeric nanocarriers include the complexity of formulation methods and their stability during storage. To address both of these issues, here we present morphologically complex nanocarriers in a hydratable powder form, which bypasses the need for expensive, harsh, and/or time-consuming nanocarrier fabrication techniques. The powders are composed of carbohydrates and self-assembling polymer amphiphiles having a low glass transition temperature. Hydration requires less than one minute and only involves the addition of aqueous media (water or saline) to rapidly obtain self-assembled micelles, worm-like micelles (i.e. filomicelles), or polymersomes from poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) polymers. The formulated powders are highly stable, achieving hydration into monodisperse nanocarriers following >6 months of storage. Diverse drug cargoes were efficiently encapsulated during hydration, including hydrophobic small molecules for micellar morphologies, as well as individual and concurrent loading of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules for vesicular morphologies. Hydrated polymersomes are shown to load hydrophilic biological macromolecules, and encapsulated enzymes retain bioactivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inclusion of lipid-anchored ligands in powder form permits the surface-display of targeting ligands and enhances target cell uptake, thereby extending this technology to targeted drug delivery applications. Our powder-based formulation strategy was extendable to commercially available polymer amphiphiles, including PEG-b-polystyrene and PEG-b-polycaprolactone. The formulated nanotechnologies described herein are highly modular, require minimal preparation, and remain stable in ambient long-term storage (bypassing cold chain requirements), which will enable their use in medicine (human and veterinary), research, and commercial applications from cosmetics to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA. and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Basinska T, Gadzinowski M, Mickiewicz D, Slomkowski S. Functionalized Particles Designed for Targeted Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2022. [PMID: 34205672 PMCID: PMC8234925 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure bioactive compounds alone can only be exceptionally administered in medical treatment. Usually, drugs are produced as various forms of active compounds and auxiliary substances, combinations assuring the desired healing functions. One of the important drug forms is represented by a combination of active substances and particle-shaped polymer in the nano- or micrometer size range. The review describes recent progress in this field balanced with basic information. After a brief introduction, the paper presents a concise overview of polymers used as components of nano- and microparticle drug carriers. Thereafter, progress in direct synthesis of polymer particles with functional groups is discussed. A section is devoted to formation of particles by self-assembly of homo- and copolymer-bearing functional groups. Special attention is focused on modification of the primary functional groups introduced during particle preparation, including introduction of ligands promoting anchorage of particles onto the chosen living cell types by interactions with specific receptors present in cell membranes. Particular attention is focused on progress in methods suitable for preparation of particles loaded with bioactive substances. The review ends with a brief discussion of the still not answered questions and unsolved problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Basinska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | | | | | - Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (D.M.)
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18
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Chen H, Li MH. Recent Progress in Polymer Cubosomes and Hexosomes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100194. [PMID: 34145688 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymer cubosomes and hexosomes are polymer colloids with inverted lyotropic liquid crystal phases as internal structures. They are composed of regular networks of water-filled channels surrounded by a bilayer membrane made from amphiphilic block copolymers. Due to the uniform, tunable, and highly ordered porous structure, polymer cubosomes and hexosomes present numerous advantages over polymer micelles and vesicles, such as the high loading volumes for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, large specific surface areas, and good mechanical and chemical stabilities. The polymer chemistry also enables unlimited molecular design to endow these polymer colloids with a lot of adjustable physical and chemical properties. Therefore, polymer cubosomes and hexosomes have attracted increasing attention for their potential applications in materials science and nanotechnology. This review outlines the recent progress in this field with an emphasis on the polymer architectures, the self-assembly conditions and mechanisms, and some application examples which are special for these inverted polymer colloids. It is hoped to provide some practical guidance for researchers interested in polymer cubosomes and hexosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, Paris, 75005, France
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19
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Stack T, Liu Y, Frey M, Bobbala S, Vincent M, Scott E. Enhancing subcutaneous injection and target tissue accumulation of nanoparticles via co-administration with macropinocytosis inhibitory nanoparticles (MiNP). NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:393-400. [PMID: 33884386 PMCID: PMC8127988 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00679c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A significant barrier to the application of nanoparticles for precision medicine is the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), a diverse population of phagocytic cells primarily located within the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The majority of nanoparticles are indiscriminately cleared by the MPS via macropinocytosis before reaching their intended targets, resulting in side effects and decreased efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that the biodistribution and desired tissue accumulation of targeted nanoparticles can be significantly enhanced by co-injection with polymeric micelles containing the actin depolymerizing agent latrunculin A. These macropinocytosis inhibitory nanoparticles (MiNP) were found to selectively inhibit non-specific uptake of a second "effector" nanoparticle in vitro without impeding receptor-mediated endocytosis. In tumor bearing mice, co-injection with MiNP in a single multi-nanoparticle formulation significantly increased the accumulation of folate-receptor targeted nanoparticles within tumors. Furthermore, subcutaneous co-administration with MiNP allowed effector nanoparticles to achieve serum levels that rivaled a standard intravenous injection. This effect was only observed if the effector nanoparticles were injected within 24 h following MiNP administration, indicating a temporary avoidance of MPS cells. Co-injection with MiNP therefore allows reversible evasion of the MPS for targeted nanoparticles and presents a previously unexplored method of modulating and improving nanoparticle biodistribution following subcutaneous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Molly Frey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Evan Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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20
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Jara MO, Landin M, Morales JO. Screening of critical variables in fabricating polycaprolactone nanoparticles using Neuro Fuzzy Logic. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120558. [PMID: 33831482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we used the artificial intelligence tool known as neurofuzzy logic (NFL) for fabricating uniform nanoparticles of polycaprolactone by the nanoprecipitation method with a focus on stabilizer selection. The adaptability of NFL assisted the decision-making on different manufacturing and formulation conditions. The nanoprecipitation method can be summarized as mixing a poorly water-soluble polymer solution with water and its consequent precipitation. Although nanoprecipitation seems simple, the process is highly variable to even slight modifications, leading to polydispersity and nanoparticle aggregation. Here, the NFL model established relationships between mixing conditions, different stabilizers and solvents, among other parameters. Seven parameters measured by dynamic light scattering and laser doppler electrophoresis were modelized with high predictability using NFL tool, as a function of the raw materials and operation conditions. The model allowed the principal component analysis to be carried out, showing that the selection of a stabilizer is the most critical parameter for avoiding nanoparticle aggregation. Then, inputs related to fluid dynamics were relevant to tune the characteristics of the stabilized nanoparticles even further. NFL model showed great potential to support pharmaceutical research by finding subtle relationships between several variables, even from incomplete or fragmented data, which is common in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel O Jara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 4to piso, Of. 09, Independencia, 8380494 Santiago, Chile; Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, 78712 Austin, TX, USA(1)
| | - Mariana Landin
- R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Health Research Institute of Santiago De Compostela (IDIS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier O Morales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 4to piso, Of. 09, Independencia, 8380494 Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), 8380494 Santiago, Chile; Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), 8380494 Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Fan B, Wan J, Zhai J, Chen X, Thang SH. Triggered Degradable Colloidal Particles with Ordered Inverse Bicontinuous Cubic and Hexagonal Mesophases. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4688-4698. [PMID: 33646766 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a facile strategy to prepare triggered degradable block copolymer nano/macro-objects, ranging from typical micelles, worms, jellyfish, and vesicles to rarely achieved spongosomes, cubosomes, and hexosomes via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). The morphological transitions from a simple spherical micelle to a spongosome, ordered Im3¯m cubosome, and p6mm hexosome were captured and demonstrated by TEM, SEM, and synchrotron SAXS. In addition, morphological phase diagrams including important factors, such as solid contents, degree of polymerization (DP), and stabilizer block chain length, were constructed to unveil the formation mechanism and guide the scalable preparation of complex morphologies with packing parameter (P) > 1. This study not only represents an example that achieved inverse mesophases via acrylate-based monomers with high conversion but also reports a triggered degradable system in the most extended morphological range via PISA. The facile synthesis and stimuli-responsiveness of our system should greatly expand the utility of polymer inverse mesophases for triggered releasing, templating, and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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22
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Soni D, Bobbala S, Li S, Scott EA, Dowling DJ. The sixth revolution in pediatric vaccinology: immunoengineering and delivery systems. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1364-1372. [PMID: 32927471 PMCID: PMC7511675 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection is the predominant cause of mortality in early life, and immunization is the most promising biomedical intervention to reduce this burden. However, very young infants fail to respond optimally to most vaccines currently in use, especially neonates. In 2005, Stanley Plotkin proposed that new delivery systems would spur a new revolution in pediatric vaccinology, just as attenuation, inactivation, cell culture of viruses, genetic engineering, and adjuvantation had done in preceding decades. Recent advances in the field of immunoengineering, which is evolving alongside vaccinology, have begun to increasingly influence vaccine formulation design. Historically, the particulate nature of materials used in many vaccine formulations was empiric, often because of the need to stabilize antigens or reduce endotoxin levels. However, present vaccine delivery systems are rationally engineered to mimic the size, shape, and surface chemistry of pathogens, and are therefore often referred to as "pathogen-like particles". More than a decade from his original assessment, we re-assess Plotkin's prediction. In addition, we highlight how immunoengineering and advanced delivery systems may be uniquely capable of enhancing vaccine responses in vulnerable populations, such as infants. IMPACT: Immunoengineering and advanced delivery systems are leading to new developments in pediatric vaccinology. Summarizes delivery systems currently in use and development, and prospects for the future. Broad overview of immunoengineering's impact on vaccinology, catering to Pediatric Clinicians and Immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Soni
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Sophia Li
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - David J. Dowling
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Hu H, Yang C, Li M, Shao D, Mao HQ, Leong KW. Flash Technology-Based Self-Assembly in Nanoformulation: From Fabrication to Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2021; 42:99-116. [PMID: 34421329 PMCID: PMC8375602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanoformulation have driven progress in biomedicine by producing nanoscale tools for biosensing, imaging, and drug delivery. Flash-based technology, the combination of rapid mixing technique with the self-assembly of macromolecules, is a new engine for the translational nanomedicine. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in flash-based self-assembly including theoretical and experimental principles, mixing device design, and applications. We highlight the fields of flash nanocomplexation (FNC) and flash nanoprecipitation (FNP), with an emphasis on biomedical applications of FNC, and discuss challenges and future directions for flash-based nanoformulation in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Institutes of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kwon JH, Kim J, Kim KT. Photo-crosslinked polymer cubosomes as a recyclable nanoreactor in organic solvents. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photo-crosslinked polymer cubosomes can work as robust nanoreactor under organic solvent condition without structural degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
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Modak M, Bobbala S, Lescott C, Liu YG, Nandwana V, Dravid VP, Scott EA. Magnetic Nanostructure-Loaded Bicontinuous Nanospheres Support Multicargo Intracellular Delivery and Oxidation-Responsive Morphological Transitions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55584-55595. [PMID: 33259182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures (MNS) have a wide range of biological applications due to their biocompatibility, superparamagnetic properties, and customizable composition that includes iron oxide (Fe3O4), Zn2+, and Mn2+. However, several challenges to the biomedical usage of MNS must still be addressed, such as formulation stability, inability to encapsulate therapeutic payloads, and variable clearance rates in vivo. Here, we enhance the utility of MNS during controlled delivery applications via encapsulation within polymeric bicontinuous nanospheres (BCNs) composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) copolymers. PEG-b-PPS BCNs have demonstrated versatile encapsulation and delivery capabilities for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads due to their unique and highly organized cubic phase nanoarchitecture. MNS-embedded BCNs (MBCNs) were thus coloaded with physicochemically diverse molecular payloads using the technique of flash nanoprecipitation and characterized in terms of their structure and in vivo biodistribution following intravenous administration. Retention of the internal aqueous channels and cubic architecture of MBCNs were verified using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. MBCNs demonstrated improvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement (r2 relaxivity) as compared to free MNS, which in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy evidenced the clustering and continued access to water of MNS following encapsulation. Furthermore, MBCNs were found to be noncytotoxic and able to deliver their hydrophilic and hydrophobic small-molecule payloads both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the oxidation sensitivity of the hydrophobic PPS block allowed MBCNs to undergo a unique, triggerable transition in morphology into MNS-bearing micellar nanocarriers. In summary, MBCNs are an attractive platform for the delivery of molecular and nanoscale payloads for diverse on-demand and sustained drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Modak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chamille Lescott
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yu-Gang Liu
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vikas Nandwana
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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26
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Pan X, Mei S, Lu Y, Yuan J. Synthetic advances of internally nanostructured polymer particles: From and beyond block copolymer. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pan
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
| | - Shilin Mei
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
- Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
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Stack T, Vincent M, Vahabikashi A, Li G, Perkumas KM, Stamer WD, Johnson M, Scott E. Targeted Delivery of Cell Softening Micelles to Schlemm's Canal Endothelial Cells for Treatment of Glaucoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004205. [PMID: 33015961 PMCID: PMC7647937 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased stiffness of the Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelium in the aqueous humor outflow pathways has been associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma. Novel treatments that relax this endothelium, such as actin depolymerizers and rho kinase inhibitors, are in development. Unfortunately, these treatments have undesirable off-target effects and a lower than desired potency. To address these issues, a targeted PEG-b-PPS micelle loaded with actin depolymerizer latrunculin A (tLatA-MC) is developed. Targeting of SC cells is achieved by modifying the micelle surface with a high affinity peptide that binds the VEGFR3/FLT4 receptor, a lymphatic lineage marker found to be highly expressed by SC cells relative to other ocular cells. During in vitro optimization, increasing the peptide surface density increased micellar uptake in SC cells while unexpectedly decreasing uptake by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The functional efficacy of tLatA-MC, as measured by decreased SC cell stiffness compared to non-targeted micelles (ntLatA-MC) or targeted blank micelles (tBL-MC), is verified using atomic force microscopy. tLatA-MC reduced IOP in an in vivo mouse model by 30-50%. The results validate the use of a cell-softening nanotherapy to selectively modulate stiffness of SC cells for therapeutic reduction of IOP and treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Amir Vahabikashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kristin M Perkumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Evan Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Sun Z, Wu B, Ren Y, Wang Z, Zhao C, Hai M, Weitz DA, Chen D. Diverse Particle Carriers Prepared by Co‐Precipitation and Phase Separation: Formation and Applications. Chempluschem 2020; 86:49-58. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Sun
- Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Zheda Road No. 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Baiheng Wu
- Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Zheda Road No. 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Zheda Road No. 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yixin Ren
- Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Zheda Road No. 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Zheda Road No. 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Chun‐Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Mingtan Hai
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - David A. Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Zheda Road No. 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Zheda Road No. 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
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Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) have been indispensable building blocks to create a range of soft nanostructures including discrete particulates (micelles and vesicles) and periodic structures via spontaneous assembly in bulk and in solution. The size, shape, and phase of these structures can be controlled by the rational design of the molecular structure of building blocks based on the structural analogy of BCPs to lipids and small molecule surfactants. Inverse bicontinuous cubic mesophases of polymers, or polymer cubosomes when in colloidal forms, are emerging nanostructures composed of triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) of block copolymer bilayers. Created by spontaneous assembly of BCPs in solution, polymer cubosomes internalize two nonintersecting nanochannel networks arranged in a cubic crystalline order. As well-defined porous particles with highly ordered internal structures and high surface-area-to-volume ratios, polymer cubosomes can be used for chemical reactors or bioreactors, carriers capable of cargo loading and release, and scaffolds for nanotemplating. However, despite their structural similarity to lipid cubosomes and applicability, polymer cubosomes have been only sporadically observed as an outcome of serendipity until recent studies demonstrated that BCPs could form well-defined polymer cubosomes in solution.In this Account, we describe our recent progress in creating polymer cubic mesophases and their colloidal particles (polymer cubosomes) in dilute solution. BCPs with nonlinear architectures (dendritic-linear, branched-linear, and branched-branched BCPs) preferentially self-assembled to inverse mesophases in solution when the block ratio (f), defined as a molecular weight ratio of the hydrophilic block to that of the hydrophobic block, was small (<10%). The resulting lyotropic structures transformed from flat bilayers to cubic phases of primitive cubic and double diamond lattices and finally to inverted hexagonal phases as f decreased. We proposed that the architecture of a BCP plays an important role in the preferential formation of polymer cubosomes in solution. The presence of the bulky hydrophilic block limited chain stretching of the hydrophobic polymer block, which would increase the packing parameter of the BCP to greater than unity, a prerequisite for inverse mesophase formation. The structural characteristics of polymer cubosomes, such as lattice symmetries, pore sizes, and lattice parameters, could also be controlled by fine-tuning the structural parameters of BCPs. We also suggested nonsynthetic methods to precisely control the phase and internal lattice of inverse mesophases of BCPs by the coassembly of two BCPs with different block ratios (mix-and-match approach) and the modulation of the affinity of the common solvent toward the hydrophobic block of the BCP. To investigate the potential applications of polymer cubosomes, we prepared inorganic photonic crystals using a cubosome-templated synthesis. We also discussed the utilization of cubosomes as chemical reactors by functionalization of the surface and the covalent stabilization of transient self-assembled structures via cross-linking of the hydrophobic domain. This Account reflects the efforts of synthetic chemists to understand the self-assembly behavior of BCPs to form complex morphologies in solution. We hope that our Account inspires efforts from chemists and other scientists to further understand these structures with infinite mazes of complexity and possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yunju La
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Bobbala S, Allen SD, Yi S, Vincent M, Frey M, Karabin NB, Scott EA. Employing bicontinuous-to-micellar transitions in nanostructure morphology for on-demand photo-oxidation responsive cytosolic delivery and off-on cytotoxicity. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5332-5340. [PMID: 32090217 PMCID: PMC7197099 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous nanospheres (BCNs) are underutilized self-assembled nanostructures capable of simultaneous delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads. Here, we demonstrate that BCNs assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS), an oxidation-sensitive copolymer, are stably retained within cell lysosomes following endocytosis, resisting degradation and payload release for days until externally triggered. The oxygen scavenging properties and enhanced stability of the bicontinuous PEG-b-PPS nanoarchitecture significantly protected cells from typically cytotoxic application of pro-apoptotic photo-oxidizer pheophorbide A and chemotherapeutic camptothecin. The photo-oxidation triggered transition from a bicontinuous to micellar morphology overcame this stability, allowing on-demand cytosolic delivery of camptothecin for enhanced control over off-on cytotoxicity. These results indicate that inducible transitions in the nanostructure morphology can influence intracellular stability and toxicity of self-assembled nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Sean D Allen
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Sijia Yi
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Molly Frey
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas B Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. and Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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33
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Markwalter CE, Pagels RF, Hejazi AN, Gordon AGR, Thompson AL, Prud’homme RK. Polymeric Nanocarrier Formulations of Biologics Using Inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:18. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tan Z, Shi Y, Wei T, Jia X, Lv Y, Chen L, Guo X. Fast and facile preparation of S nanoparticles by flash nanoprecipitation for lithium–sulfur batteries. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fast and facile preparation of S nanoparticles by flash nanoprecipitation was applied for lithium–sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Yulin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Jia
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Yin Lv
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
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Liu Y, Yang G, Zou D, Hui Y, Nigam K, Middelberg APJ, Zhao CX. Formulation of Nanoparticles Using Mixing-Induced Nanoprecipitation for Drug Delivery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guangze Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Da Zou
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Hui
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Krishna Nigam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anton P. J. Middelberg
- Faculty of Engineering, Computer, and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Yi S, Zhang X, Sangji H, Liu Y, Allen SD, Xiao B, Bobbala S, Braverman CL, Cai L, Hecker PI, DeBerge M, Thorp EB, Temel RE, Stupp SI, Scott EA. Surface engineered polymersomes for enhanced modulation of dendritic cells during cardiovascular immunotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1904399. [PMID: 34335131 PMCID: PMC8320590 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201904399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The principle cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by immunologically complex fatty lesions within the intima of arterial vessel walls. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of atherosclerotic inflammation, with mature DCs generating pro-inflammatory signals within vascular lesions and tolerogenic DCs eliciting atheroprotective cytokine profiles and regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. Here, we engineered the surface chemistry and morphology of synthetic nanocarriers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers to selectively target and modulate DCs by transporting the anti-inflammatory agent 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (aVD) and ApoB-100 derived antigenic peptide P210. Polymersomes decorated with an optimized surface display and density for a lipid construct of the P-D2 peptide, which binds CD11c on the DC surface, significantly enhanced the cytosolic delivery and resulting immunomodulatory capacity of aVD in vitro. Intravenous administration of the optimized polymersomes achieved selective targeting of DCs in atheroma and spleen compared to all other cell populations, including both immune and CD45- cells, and locally increased the presence of tolerogenic DCs and cytokines. aVD-loaded polymersomes significantly inhibited atherosclerotic lesion development in high fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice following 8 weeks of administration. Incorporation of the P210 peptide generated the largest reductions in vascular lesion area (~33%, p<0.001), macrophage content (~55%, p<0.001), and vascular stiffness (4.8-fold). These results correlated with an ~6.5-fold increase in levels of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Our results validate the key role of DC immunomodulation during aVD-dependent inhibition of atherosclerosis and demonstrate the therapeutic enhancement and dosage lowering capability of cell-targeted nanotherapy in the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Hussain Sangji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Sean D. Allen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | | | - Lei Cai
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peter I. Hecker
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mathew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ryan E. Temel
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
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Allen SD, Liu YG, Kim T, Bobbala S, Yi S, Zhang X, Choi J, Scott EA. Celastrol-loaded PEG-b-PPS nanocarriers as an anti-inflammatory treatment for atherosclerosis. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:657-668. [PMID: 30601470 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrophobic small molecule NF-κB inhibitor celastrol was loaded into poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) micelles. PEG-b-PPS micelles demonstrated high loading efficiency, low polydispersity, and no morphological changes upon loading with celastrol. Encapsulation of celastrol within these nanocarriers significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to free celastrol, while simultaneously expanding the lower concentration range for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling by nearly 50 000-fold. Furthermore, celastrol-loaded micelles successfully reduced TNF-α secretion after LPS stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells and reduced the number of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes within atherosclerotic plaques of ldlr-/- mice. This reduction in inflammatory cells was matched by a reduction in plaque area, suggesting that celastrol-loaded nanocarriers may serve as an anti-inflammatory treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Allen
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60628, USA
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38
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Allen SD, Bobbala S, Karabin NB, Scott EA. On the advancement of polymeric bicontinuous nanospheres toward biomedical applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:258-272. [PMID: 32254084 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled soft nanocarriers that are capable of simultaneous encapsulation of both lipophilic and water soluble payloads have significantly enhanced controlled delivery applications in biomedicine. These nanoarchitectures, such as liposomes, polymersomes and cubosomes, are primarily composed of either amphiphilic polymers or lipids, with the polymeric variants generally possessing greater stability and control over biodistribution and bioresponsive release. Polymersomes have long demonstrated such advantages over their lipid analogs, liposomes, but only recently have bicontinuous nanospheres emerged as a polymeric cubic phase alternative to lipid cubosomes. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field for bicontinuous nanosphere formulation and characterization and suggest future directions for this nascent delivery platform as it is adopted for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Allen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA.
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Shang S, Kats D, Cao L, Morgun E, Velluto D, He Y, Xu Q, Wang CR, Scott EA. Induction of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lipid-Specific T Cell Responses by Pulmonary Delivery of Mycolic Acid-Loaded Polymeric Micellar Nanocarriers. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2709. [PMID: 30538700 PMCID: PMC6277542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell wall, can be presented by the non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecule CD1b to T cells isolated from Mtb-infected individuals. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells are cytotoxic, produce Th1 cytokines, and form memory populations, suggesting that MA can be explored as a potential subunit vaccine candidate for TB. However, the controlled elicitation of MA-specific T cell responses has been challenging due to difficulties in the targeted delivery of lipid antigens and a lack of suitable animal models. In this study, we generated MA-loaded micellar nanocarriers (MA-Mc) comprised of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-bl-poly(propylene sulfide; PEG-PPS) copolymers conjugated to an acid sensitive fluorophore to enhance intracellular delivery of MA to phagocytic immune cells. Using humanized CD1 transgenic (hCD1Tg) mice, we found these nanobiomaterials to be endocytosed by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and localized to lysosomal compartments. Additionally, MA-Mc demonstrated superior efficacy over free MA in activating MA-specific TCR transgenic (DN1) T cells in vitro. Following intranasal immunization, MA-Mc were primarily taken up by alveolar macrophages and DCs in the lung and induced activation and proliferation of adoptively transferred DN1 T cells. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with MA-Mc induced MA-specific T cell responses in the lungs of hCD1Tg mice. Collectively, our data demonstrates that pulmonary delivery of MA via PEG-PPS micelles to DCs can elicit potent CD1b-restricted T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo and MA-Mc could be explored as subunit vaccines against Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dina Kats
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Diana Velluto
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ying He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qichen Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Allen SD, Bobbala S, Karabin NB, Modak M, Scott EA. Benchmarking Bicontinuous Nanospheres against Polymersomes for in Vivo Biodistribution and Dual Intracellular Delivery of Lipophilic and Water-Soluble Payloads. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33857-33866. [PMID: 30213189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous nanospheres (BCNs) are polymeric analogs to lipid cubosomes, possessing cubic liquid crystalline phases with high internal surface area, aqueous channels for loading hydrophilic molecules, and high hydrophobic volume for lipophilic payloads. Primarily due to difficulties in scalable and consistent fabrication, neither controlled delivery of payloads via BCNs nor their organ or cellular biodistributions following in vivo administration have been demonstrated or characterized. We have recently validated flash nanoprecipitation as a rapid method of assembling uniform monodisperse 200-300 nm diameter BCNs from poly(ethylene glycol) -b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG -b-PPS) co-polymers. Here, we compare these BCNs both in vitro and in vivo to 100 nm PEG -b-PPS polymersomes (PSs), which have been well characterized as nanocarriers for controlled delivery applications. Using a small molecule fluorophore and a fluorescently tagged protein as respective lipophilic and water-soluble model cargos, we demonstrate that BCNs can achieve significantly higher encapsulation efficiencies for both payloads on a per unit mass basis. At time points of 4 and 24 h after intravenous administration to mice, we found significant differences in organ-level uptake between BCNs and PSs, with BCNs showing reduced accumulation in the liver and increased uptake in the spleen. Despite these organ-level differences, BCNs and PSs displayed strikingly similar uptake profiles by immune cell populations in vitro and in the liver, spleen, and blood, as assayed by flow cytometry. In conclusion, we have found PEG -b-PPS BCNs to be well suited for dual loading and delivery of molecular payloads, with a favorable organ biodistribution and high cell uptake by therapeutically relevant immune cell populations.
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Allen S, Vincent M, Scott E. Rapid, Scalable Assembly and Loading of Bioactive Proteins and Immunostimulants into Diverse Synthetic Nanocarriers Via Flash Nanoprecipitation. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30148497 DOI: 10.3791/57793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials present a wide range of options to customize the controlled delivery of single and combined molecular payloads for therapeutic and imaging applications. This increased specificity can have significant clinical implications, including decreased side effects and lower dosages with higher potency. Furthermore, the in situ targeting and controlled modulation of specific cell subsets can enhance in vitro and in vivo investigations of basic biological phenomena and probe cell function. Unfortunately, the required expertise in nanoscale science, chemistry and engineering often prohibit laboratories without experience in these fields from fabricating and customizing nanomaterials as tools for their investigations or vehicles for their therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide protocols for the synthesis and scalable assembly of a versatile non-toxic block copolymer system amenable to the facile formation and loading of nanoscale vehicles for biomedical applications. Flash nanoprecipitation is presented as a methodology for rapid fabrication of diverse nanocarriers from poly(ethylene glycol)-bl-poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers. These protocols will allow laboratories with a wide range of expertise and resources to easily and reproducibly fabricate advanced nanocarrier delivery systems for their applications. The design and construction of an automated instrument that employs a high-speed syringe pump to facilitate the flash nanoprecipitation process and to allow enhanced control over the homogeneity, size, morphology and loading of polymersome nanocarriers is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Allen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University
| | - Michael Vincent
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University
| | - Evan Scott
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University;
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42
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Frey M, Bobbala S, Karabin N, Scott E. Influences of nanocarrier morphology on therapeutic immunomodulation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1795-1811. [PMID: 30084296 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials provide numerous advantages for the administration of therapeutics, particularly as carriers of immunomodulatory agents targeting specific immune cell populations during immunotherapy. While the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers have long been linked to their therapeutic efficacy and applications, focus has primarily been placed on assessing influences of size and surface chemistry. In addition to these materials properties, the nanostructure morphology, in other words, shape and aspect ratio, has emerged as an equally important feature of nanocarriers that can dictate mechanisms of endocytosis, biodistribution and degree of cytotoxicity. In this review, we will highlight how the morphological features of nanostructures influence the immune responses elicited during therapeutic immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Frey
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan Scott
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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43
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Du F, Bobbala S, Yi S, Scott EA. Sequential intracellular release of water-soluble cargos from Shell-crosslinked polymersomes. J Control Release 2018; 282:90-100. [PMID: 29601932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer vesicles, i.e. polymersomes (PS), present unique nanostructures with an interior aqueous core that can encapsulate multiple independent cargos concurrently. However, the sequential release of such co-loaded actives remains a challenge. Here, we report the rational design and synthesis of oxidation-responsive shell-crosslinked PS with capability for the controlled, sequential release of encapsulated hydrophilic molecules and hydrogels. Amphiphilic brush block copolymers poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(oligo(propylene sulfide) methacrylate) (POEGMA-POPSMA) were prepared to fabricate PS via self-assembly in aqueous solution. As a type of unique drug delivery vehicle, the interior of the PS was co-loaded with hydrophilic molecules and water-soluble poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) conjugates. Due to the thermosensitivity of PNIPAM, PNIPAM conjugates within the PS aqueous interior underwent a phase transition to form hydrogels in situ when the temperature was raised above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. Via control of the overall shell permeability by oxidation, we realized the sequential release of two water-soluble payloads based on the assumption that hydrogels have much smaller membrane permeability than that of molecular cargos. The ability to control the timing of release of molecular dyes and PNIPAM-based hydrogels was also observed within live cells. Furthermore, leakage of hydrogels from the PS was effectively alleviated in comparison to molecular cargos, which would facilitate intracellular accumulation and prolonged retention of hydrogels within the cell cytoplasm. Thus, we demonstrate that the integration of responsive hydrogels into PS with crosslinkable membranes provides a facile and versatile technique to control the stability and release of water-soluble cargos for drug delivery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Evan Alexander Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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44
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Karabin NB, Allen S, Kwon HK, Bobbala S, Firlar E, Shokuhfar T, Shull KR, Scott EA. Sustained micellar delivery via inducible transitions in nanostructure morphology. Nat Commun 2018; 9:624. [PMID: 29434200 PMCID: PMC5809489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarrier administration has primarily been restricted to intermittent bolus injections with limited available options for sustained delivery in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that cylinder-to-sphere transitions of self-assembled filomicelle (FM) scaffolds can be employed for sustained delivery of monodisperse micellar nanocarriers with improved bioresorptive capacity and modularity for customization. Modular assembly of FMs from diverse block copolymer (BCP) chemistries allows in situ gelation into hydrogel scaffolds following subcutaneous injection into mice. Upon photo-oxidation or physiological oxidation, molecular payloads within FMs transfer to micellar vehicles during the morphological transition, as verified in vitro by electron microscopy and in vivo by flow cytometry. FMs composed of multiple distinct BCP fluorescent conjugates permit multimodal analysis of the scaffold's non-inflammatory bioresorption and micellar delivery to immune cell populations for one month. These scaffolds exhibit highly efficient bioresorption wherein all components participate in retention and transport of therapeutics, presenting previously unexplored mechanisms for controlled nanocarrier delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sean Allen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ha-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Emre Firlar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Kenneth R Shull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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