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Piccotti D, Trevisani M, Pirruccio G, Kalinic B, Cesca T, Mattei G. Polarized coherent emission outside high-symmetry points of dye-coupled plasmonic lattices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8641-8650. [PMID: 36891948 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing intense, coherent and ultra-fast light sources with nanoscale dimensions is a crucial issue for many applications in nanophotonics. To date, plasmonic nanolasers represent one of the most promising nanophotonic devices capable of this remarkable feature. In the present work we report on the emission properties of two-dimensional Au hexagonal nanodome arrays, fabricated by nanosphere lithography, coupled with a dye liquid solution used as the gain medium. Low-threshold stimulated emission at room temperature is demonstrated by spectral and angle-resolved photoluminescence measurements performed as a function of the pump fluence. The emission arises with narrow angular divergence in off-normal direction, out of high-symmetry points of the plasmonic lattice. The polarization properties of the stimulated emission are investigated, revealing a strong linear polarization character controlled by the polarization orientation of the pumping beam, while the first-order temporal coherence properties are measured by using a tilted-mirrors Michelson interferometer. Finally, by comparing the results obtained for the plasmonic Au nanodomes arrays with those of purely dielectric nanoarrays, the role of the plasmonic modes and the photonic lattice modes in the emission process is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piccotti
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Mirko Trevisani
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pirruccio
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 20-364, Mexico D.F. 01000, Mexico
| | - Boris Kalinic
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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2
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Lee J, Jhon YI, Lee K, Jhon YM, Lee JH. Nonlinear optical properties of arsenic telluride and its use in ultrafast fiber lasers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15305. [PMID: 32943737 PMCID: PMC7498598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first investigation results of the nonlinear optical properties of As2Te3. More specifically, the nonlinear optical absorption properties of the prepared α-As2Te3 were investigated at wavelengths of 1.56 and 1.9 μm using the open-aperture (OA) Z-scan technique. Using the OA Z-scan technique, the nonlinear absorption coefficients (β) of α-As2Te3 were estimated in a range from (- 54.8 ± 3.4) × 104 cm/GW to (- 4.9 ± 0.4) × 104 cm/GW depending on the irradiance of the input beam at 1.56 μm, whereas the values did from (- 19.8 ± 0.8) × 104 cm/GW to (- 3.2 ± 0.1) × 104 cm/GW at 1.9 μm. In particular, the β value at 1.56 μm is an order of magnitude larger than the previously reported values of other group-15 sesquichalcogenides such as Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, and Bi2TeSe2. Furthermore, this is the first time report on β value of a group-15 sesquichalcogenide at a 1.9-μm wavelength. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic band structures of α-As2Te3 were also conducted to obtain a better understanding of their energy band structure. The DFT calculations indicated that α-As2Te3 possess sufficient optical absorption in a wide wavelength region, including 1.5 μm, 1.9 μm, and beyond (up to 3.7 μm). Using both the measured nonlinear absorption coefficients and the theoretically obtained refractive indices from the DFT calculations, the imaginary parts of the third-order optical susceptibilities (Im χ(3)) of As2Te3 were estimated and they were found to vary from (- 39 ± 2.4) × 10-19 m2/V2 to (- 3.5 ± 0.3) × 10-19 m2/V2 at 1.56 μm and (- 16.5 ± 0.7) × 10-19 m2/V2 to (- 2.7 ± 0.1) × 10-19 m2/V2 at 1.9 μm, respectively, depending on the irradiance of the input beam. Finally, the feasibility of using α-As2Te3 for SAs was investigated, and the prepared SAs were thus tested by incorporating them into an erbium (Er)-doped fiber cavity and a thulium-holmium (Tm-Ho) co-doped fiber cavity for both 1.5 and 1.9 μm operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Young In Jhon
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Kyungtaek Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Young Min Jhon
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Ju Han Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea.
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3
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Michieli N, Balasa IG, Kalinic B, Cesca T, Mattei G. Optimal geometry for plasmonic sensing with non-interacting Au nanodisk arrays. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3304-3315. [PMID: 36134286 PMCID: PMC9419756 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining finite elements method electrodynamic simulations and cost-effective and scalable nanofabrication techniques, we carried out a systematic investigation and optimization of the sensing properties of non-interacting gold nanodisk arrays. Such plasmonic nanoarchitectures offer a very effective platform for fast and simple, label-free, optical bio- and chemical-sensing. We varied their main geometrical parameters (diameter and height) to monitor the plasmonic resonance position and to find the configurations that maximize the sensitivity to small layers of an analyte (local sensitivity) or to the variation of the refractive index of an embedding medium (bulk sensitivity). The spectral position of the plasmonic resonance can be tuned over a wide range from the visible to the near-IR region (500-1300 nm) and state-of-the-art performances can be obtained using the optimized nanodisks; we obtained local and bulk sensitivities of S 0 = 11.9 RIU-1 and S bulk = 662 nm RIU-1, respectively. Moreover, the results of the simulations are compared with the performances of experimentally synthesized non-interacting Au nanodisk arrays fabricated by combining sparse colloidal lithography and hollow mask lithography, with the parameters obtained by the sensitivity numerical optimization. An excellent agreement between the experimental and the simulated results is demonstrated, confirming that the optimization performed with the simulations is directly applicable to nanosensors realized with cost-effective methods, due to the quite large stability basin around the maximum sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Michieli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Ionut Gabriel Balasa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Boris Kalinic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
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Becerril D, Vázquez O, Piccotti D, Sandoval EM, Cesca T, Mattei G, Noguez C, Pirruccio G. Diffractive dipolar coupling in non-Bravais plasmonic lattices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1261-1268. [PMID: 36133042 PMCID: PMC9417907 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeycomb plasmonic lattices are paradigmatic examples of non-Bravais lattices. We experimentally measure surface lattice resonances in effectively free-standing honeycomb lattices composed of silver nanospheres. By combining numerical simulations with analytical methods, we analyze the dispersion relation and the near-field properties of these modes along high symmetry trajectories. We find that our results can be interpreted in terms of dipole-only interactions between the two non-equivalent triangular sublattices, which naturally lead to an asymmetric near-field distribution around the nanospheres. We generalize the interaction between the two sublattices to the case of variable adjacent interparticle distance within the unit cell, highlighting symmetry changes and diffraction degeneracy lifting associated to the transition between Bravais and non-Bravais lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becerril
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Omar Vázquez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Diego Piccotti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Elizabeth Mendoza Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Cecilia Noguez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Pirruccio
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
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Circular Dichroism in Low-Cost Plasmonics: 2D Arrays of Nanoholes in Silver. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arrays of nanoholes in metal are important plasmonic devices, proposed for applications spanning from biosensing to communications. In this work, we show that in such arrays the symmetry can be broken by means of the elliptical shape of the nanoholes, combined with the in-plane tilt of the ellipse axes away from the array symmetry lines. The array then differently interacts with circular polarizations of opposite handedness at normal incidence, i.e., it becomes intrinsically chiral. The measure of this difference is called circular dichroism (CD). The nanosphere lithography combined with tilted silver evaporation was employed as a low-cost fabrication technique. In this paper, we demonstrate intrinsic chirality and CD by measuring the extinction in the near-infrared range. We further employ numerical analysis to visualize the circular polarization coupling with the nanostructure. We find a good agreement between simulations and the experiment, meaning that the optimization can be used to further increase CD.
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Raygoza-Sánchez KY, Rocha-Mendoza I, Segovia P, Krasavin AV, Marino G, Cesca T, Michieli N, Mattei G, Zayats AV, Rangel-Rojo R. Polarization dependence of second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanoprism arrays. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11514. [PMID: 31395922 PMCID: PMC6687713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The second order nonlinear optical response of gold nanoprisms arrays is investigated by means of second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments and simulations. The polarization dependence of the nonlinear response exhibits a 6-fold symmetry, attributed to the local field enhancement through the excitation of the surface plasmon resonances in bow-tie nanoantennas forming the arrays. Experiments show that for polarization of the input light producing excitation of the plasmonic resonances in the bow-tie nanoantennas, the SHG signal is enhanced; this despite the fact that the linear absorption spectrum is not dependent on polarization. The results are confirmed by electrodynamic simulations which demonstrate that SHG is also determined by the local field distribution in the nanoarrays. Moreover, the maximum of SHG intensity is observed at slightly off-resonance excitation, as implemented in the experiments, showing a close relation between the polarization dependence and the structure of the material, additionally revealing the importance of the presence of non-normal electric field components as under focused beam and oblique illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Raygoza-Sánchez
- Maestría y Posgrado en Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular 3917, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.,Optics Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - I Rocha-Mendoza
- Optics Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - P Segovia
- Researcher of Cátedras CONACYT Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - A V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - G Marino
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - T Cesca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - N Michieli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - G Mattei
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - A V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - R Rangel-Rojo
- Optics Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.
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7
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Rare-earth fluorescence thermometry of laser-induced plasmon heating in silver nanoparticles arrays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13811. [PMID: 30218048 PMCID: PMC6138719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The laser-induced plasmon heating of an ordered array of silver nanoparticles, under continuous illumination with an Ar laser, was probed by rare-earth fluorescence thermometry. The rise in temperature in the samples was monitored by measuring the temperature-sensitive photoluminescent emission of a europium complex (EuTTA) embedded in PMMA thin-films, deposited onto the nanoparticles array. A maximum temperature increase of 19 °C was determined upon resonant illumination with the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoarray at the highest pump Ar laser power (173 mW). The experimental results were supported by finite elements method electrodynamic simulations, which provided also information on the temporal dynamics of the heating process. This method proved to be a facile and accurate approach to probe the actual temperature increase due to photo-induced plasmon heating in plasmonic nanosystems.
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Sánchez-Esquivel H, Raygoza-Sanchez KY, Rangel-Rojo R, Kalinic B, Michieli N, Cesca T, Mattei G. Ultra-fast dynamics in the nonlinear optical response of silver nanoprism ordered arrays. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5182-5190. [PMID: 29492500 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the study of the ultra-fast dynamics of the nonlinear optical response of a honeycomb array of silver triangular nanoprisms, performed using a femtosecond pulsed laser tuned with the dipolar surface plasmon resonance of the nanoarray. Nonlinear absorption and refraction, and their time-dependence, were explored using the z-scan and time-resolved excite-probe techniques. Nonlinear absorption is shown to change sign with the input irradiance and the behavior was explained on the basis of a three-level model. The response time was determined to be in the picosecond regime. A technique based on a variable frequency chopper was also used in order to discriminate the thermal and electronic contributions to the nonlinearity, which were found to have opposite signs. All these findings propel the investigated nanoprism arrays as good candidates for applications in advanced ultra-fast nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
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Sánchez-Esquivel H, Raygoza-Sánchez KY, Rangel-Rojo R, Gemo E, Michieli N, Kalinic B, Reyes-Esqueda JA, Cesca T, Mattei G. Spectral dependence of nonlinear absorption in ordered silver metallic nanoprism arrays. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5307. [PMID: 28706203 PMCID: PMC5509703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ordered metallic nanoprism arrays have been proposed as novel and versatile systems for the observation of nonlinear effects such as nonlinear absorption. The study of the effect of the local field reinforcement on the fast optical third order nonlinear response around the Surface Plasmon Resonance is of great interest for many plasmonic applications. In this work, silver nanoprism arrays have been synthesized by the nanosphere lithography method. A low repetition rate tunable picosecond laser source was used to study the irradiance and wavelength dependence of the nonlinear absorption properties around the dipolar and quadrupolar resonances of the nanoarray with the use of the z-scan technique. The irradiance dependence of the on-resonance nonlinearity was studied, and a spectral region where nonlinear absorption is negligible was identified. This is important for the possible application of these materials in optical information processing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sánchez-Esquivel
- Departamento de Óptica, División Física Aplicada, CICESE, A.P. 360, Ensenada, 22860, BC, Mexico
| | - Karen Y Raygoza-Sánchez
- Departamento de Óptica, División Física Aplicada, CICESE, A.P. 360, Ensenada, 22860, BC, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rangel-Rojo
- Departamento de Óptica, División Física Aplicada, CICESE, A.P. 360, Ensenada, 22860, BC, Mexico.
| | - Emanuele Gemo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Niccolò Michieli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Boris Kalinic
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jorge Alejandro Reyes-Esqueda
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P., 4510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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