1
|
Siddique AU, Xie R, Horlacher D, Warren R. Nanoscale Patterning of Surface Nanobubbles by Focused Ion Beam. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14613-14622. [PMID: 38961810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Surface nanobubbles forming on hydrophobic surfaces in water present an exciting opportunity as potential agents of top-down and bottom-up nanopatterning. The formation and characteristics of surface nanobubbles are strongly influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the substrate. In this study, focused ion beam (FIB) milling is used for the first time to spatially control the nucleation of surface nanobubbles with 75 nm precision. The spontaneous formation of nanobubbles on alternating lines of a self-assembled monolayer (octadecyltrichlorosilane) patterned by FIB is detected by atomic force microscopy. The effect of chemical vs topographical surface heterogeneity on the formation of nanobubbles is investigated by comparing samples with OTS coating applied pre- vs post-FIB patterning. The results confirm that nanoscale FIB-based patterning can effectively control surface nanobubble position by means of chemical heterogeneity. The effect of FIB milling on nanobubble morphology and properties, including contact angle and gas oversaturation, is also reported. Molecular dynamics simulations provide further insight into the effects of FIB amorphization on surface nanobubble formation. Combined experimental and simulation investigations offer insights to guide future nanobubble-based patterning using FIB milling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anayet Ullah Siddique
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Danielle Horlacher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Roseanne Warren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Lu Y. Surface Morphology Enriching the Energy Barrier Leads to the Adsorption Characteristic of Nanobubbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11628-11645. [PMID: 37566553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of nanobubble research, nanobubble distribution morphology at the interface and its stability control become the bottlenecks of nanobubble resistance reduction applications. In this paper, the evolutionary behavior of nanobubbles on smooth and step HOPG surfaces was compared through molecular dynamics studies. The results show that the surface energy barrier provided by the step HOPG surface restricts diffusion of gas molecules. Then, a method of multisolvent evaporation for preparing hydrophobic nanoindent surfaces was proposed, which can achieve phase separation through different evaporation rates of multisolvents, thus realizing the preparation of surface structures with uniform distribution of nanoindents. In this paper, the nucleation processes of nanobubbles on PS nanoindent hydrophobic surface, HOPG flat hydrophobic surface, and HOPG nanostep hydrophobic surface were compared by using atomic force microscopy in liquid experiment. The evolution of the volume and distribution morphology of nanobubbles on the three nanostructures was observed by 24 h in situ tests, revealing that the energy barrier effect arising from the uneven surface structure can effectively prevent adjacent nanobubbles from merging in close proximity to each other. It is also pointed out that the hydrophobic nanoindents prepared by using the multivariate solvent evaporation method in this paper can cover most of nanobubbles for stable adsorption. It can be seen from the results that the volume drop of the nanobubbles on the HOPG flat hydrophobic surface is 27% and that on the HOPG nanostep and the PS nanoindent hydrophobic surface it is reduced to 19% and 3% under the effect of structural energy barriers, respectively. The density of the nanostructures determines whether the existence of nanobubbles is stable. The coverage of nanobubbles on the HOPG flat hydrophobic surface was 3.313% when the existence of nanobubbles was mostly stable. The HOPG nanostep and PS nanoindent sizes were positively correlated with the morphological size of the nanobubbles, which increased the coverage of the nanobubbles on the hydrophobic surface of the HOPG nanostep and PS nanoindent to 5.229% and 4.437%, respectively, when the existence of nanobubbles was mostly stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
- Precision Manufacturing Research Institute Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang H, Geng Z, Guan N, Zhou L, Zhang L, Hu J. Controllable generation of interfacial gas structures on the graphite surface by substrate hydrophobicity and gas oversaturation in water. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8251-8261. [PMID: 36278324 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spherical nanobubbles and flat micropancakes are two typical states of gas aggregation on solid-liquid surfaces. Micropancakes, which are quasi-two-dimensional gaseous structures, are often produced accompanied by surface nanobubbles. Compared with surface nanobubbles, the intrinsic properties of micropancakes are barely understood due to the challenge of the highly efficient preparation and characterization of such structures. The hydrophobicity of the substrate and gas saturation of solvents are two crucial factors for the nucleation and stability of interfacial gas domains. Herein, we investigated the synergistic effect of the surface hydrophobicity and gas saturation on the generation of interfacial gas structures. Different surface hydrophobicities were achieved by the aging process of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The results indicated that higher surface hydrophobicity and gas oversaturation could create surface nanobubbles and micropancakes with higher efficiency. Strong surface hydrophobicity could promote nanobubble nucleation and higher gas saturation would induce bigger nanobubbles. Degassed experiments could remove most of these structures and prove that they are actually gaseous domains. Finally, we draw a region diagram to describe the formation conditions of nanobubbles, micropancakes based on observations. These results would be very helpful for further understanding the formation of interfacial gas structures on the hydrophobic surface under different gas saturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanli Geng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Guan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Zhou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li D, Gu J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Ji Y. Manipulating Trapped Nanobubbles Moving and Coalescing with Surface Nanobubbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12991-12998. [PMID: 36228139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trapped nanobubbles are observed nucleating at nanopits on a pitted substrate, while surface nanobubbles are usually formed on the smooth solid surface in water. In this work, trapped nanobubbles and surface nanobubbles were captured by a tapping-mode atomic force microscope (AFM) on a nanopitted substrate based on the temperature difference method. A single trapped nanobubble was manipulated to change into a surface nanobubble, then to change into the trapped nanobubble again. At the same time, surface nanobubbles can be moved to merge into a trapped nanobubble. Our results show that the scan load and the size of the scan area were the main factors that significantly affect the mobility of surface/trapped nanobubbles. The coalescence and mutual transformation of the two kinds of nanobubbles indicate that trapped nanobubbles and surface nanobubbles have the same chemical nature, which also provides vital experimental proof of the existence of nanobubbles in the course of contact line depinning. Our results are of great significance for understanding nanobubble stability and providing guidelines in some industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Juan Gu
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ziqun Zhang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yutong Ji
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al Hossain A, Dick A, Doerk G, Colosqui CE. Toward controlling wetting hysteresis with nanostructured surfaces derived from block copolymer self-assembly. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:455302. [PMID: 35760037 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7c24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanostructured surfaces via block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly enables a precise control of the surface feature shape within a range of dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers. This work studies how to exploit this ability to control the wetting hysteresis and liquid adhesion forces as the substrate undergoes chemical aging and changes in its intrinsic wettability. Via BCP self-assembly we fabricate nanostructured surfaces on silicon substrates with a hexagonal array of regular conical pillars having a fixed period (52 nm) and two different heights (60 and 200 nm), which results in substantially different lateral and top surface areas of the nanostructure. The wetting hysteresis of the fabricated surfaces is characterized using force-displacement measurements under quasistaic conditions and over sufficiently long periods of time for which the substrate chemistry and surface energy, characterized by the Young contact angle, varies significantly. The experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that controlling the lateral and top area of the nanostructure not only controls the degree of wetting hysteresis but can also make the advancing and receding contact angles less susceptible to chemical aging. These results can help rationalize the design of nanostructured surfaces for different applications such as self-cleaning, enhanced heat transfer, and drag reduction in micro/nanofluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aktaruzzaman Al Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Austin Dick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Gregory Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Carlos E Colosqui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choi S, Park A, Seo D, Lee WB, Nam KM, Kim Y, Chang J. Redox-Transition from Irreversible to Reversible Vitamin C by Pore Confinement in Microporous Carbon Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36557-36569. [PMID: 35917313 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of redox-reversibility in electroactive species has been studied because of fundamental interest and their importance for energy storage systems. Various electroactive molecules suffer from redox-irreversible behavior, and this is a critical reason for their exclusion as redox electrolytes in energy storage systems. In this article, we fully demonstrated that ascorbic acid (ASC), which is an abundant but redox-irreversible molecule, can become redox-reversible when it is confined in microporous carbon regimes. From a theoretical perspective, redox-reversibility in an electrochemical reaction coupled with an irreversible chemical process can be greatly enhanced due to kinetic acceleration toward the inverse direction of the chemical reaction by accumulation of products in the nanoconfined regime. However, the kinetic acceleration in a nanoconfined domain shows limitations for enhancing the redox-reversibility, which indicates that stabilization of the species undergoing an irreversible chemical process is another important factor for redox-reversibility enhancement. The origin of nanoporous confinement of ASC and its enhanced redox-reversibility was rationalized by molecular dynamics simulations. We found that ASC-clusters of a fully protonated ASC and its conjugated base formed inside carbon pores, which would be a main driving force for its confinement in microporous carbon networks. Lastly, we demonstrated a prototype energy storage device using redox-reversible ASC in microporous carbon as the half electrode, which shows the feasibility of ASC as a possible redox electrolyte in an aqueous energy storage system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Anseong Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - YongJoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marion S, Macha M, Davis SJ, Chernev A, Radenovic A. Wetting of nanopores probed with pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4975-4987. [PMID: 33621304 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00253h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanopores are both a tool to study single-molecule biophysics and nanoscale ion transport, but also a promising material for desalination or osmotic power generation. Understanding the physics underlying ion transport through nano-sized pores allows better design of porous membrane materials. Material surfaces can present hydrophobicity, a property which can make them prone to formation of surface nanobubbles. Nanobubbles can influence the electrical transport properties of such devices. We demonstrate an approach which uses hydraulic pressure to probe the electrical transport properties of solid state nanopores. We show how pressure can be used to wet pores, and how it allows control over bubbles or other contaminants in the nanometer scale range normally unachievable using only an electrical driving force. Molybdenum disulfide is then used as a typical example of a 2D material on which we demonstrate wetting and bubble induced nonlinear and linear conductance in the regimes typically used with these experiments. We show that by using pressure one can identify and evade wetting artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Marion
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michal Macha
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian J Davis
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrey Chernev
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bussonnière A, Liu Q, Tsai PA. Cavitation Nuclei Regeneration in a Water-Particle Suspension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:034501. [PMID: 32031863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.034501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bubble nucleation in water induced by boiling, gas supersaturation, or cavitation usually originates from preexisting gas cavities trapped into solid defects. Even though the destabilization of such gas pockets, called nuclei, has been extensively studied, little is known on the nuclei dynamic. Here, nuclei of water-particle suspensions are excited by acoustic cavitation, and their dynamic is investigated by monitoring the cavitation probability over several thousand pulses. A stable and reproducible cavitation probability emerges after a few thousand pulses and depends on particle concentration, hydrophobicity, and dissolved gas content. Our observations indicate that a stable nuclei distribution is reached at a later time, different from previously reported nuclei depletion in early time. This apparent paradox is elucidated by varying the excitation rate, where the cavitation activity increases with the repetition period, indicating that the nuclei depletion is balanced by spontaneous nucleation or growth of nuclei. A model of this self-supporting generation of nuclei suggests an origin from dissolved gas adsorption on surfaces. The method developed can be utilized to further understand the spontaneous formation and distribution of nanosized bubbles on heterogeneous surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bussonnière
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Peichun Amy Tsai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li D, Zeng B, Wang Y. Probing the "Gas Tunnel" between Neighboring Nanobubbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15029-15037. [PMID: 31702925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface nanobubbles are the main gaseous domains forming at solid-liquid interfaces, and their abnormally long lifetime (stability) is still an open question. A hypothesis "gas tunnel" was presented in a recent simulation study [ACS Nano 2018, 12 (3), 2603-2609], which was thought to connect two neighboring nanobubbles and make the nanobubbles remain stable. Herein, we aim to experimentally investigate the existence of gas tunnel and its role in governing nanobubble dynamics. By using an atomic force microscope, mutual effects between different gaseous domains including nanobubbles, nanopancakes, and nanobubble-pancake composite on a PS substrate undergoing violent tip perturbation and their effects on the undisturbed neighbors were investigated. The pancake between two nanobubbles can behave as a visible gas tunnel under the tip-bubble interaction. Based on statistical analysis of volume change in the different gas domains, the concept of a generalized gas tunnel is presented and experimentally verified. Nanobubbles are surrounded by a water depletion layer which will act as a channel along solid/liquid surfaces for adjacent nanobubbles to communicate with each other. Moreover, the change in contact angle of nanobubbles with the concentration of local gas oversaturation was studied, and the equilibrium contact angle of nanobubbles is further verified experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology , No. 2468 Puyuan Road, Songbei district , Harbin 150022 , P. R. China
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation , Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Binglin Zeng
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation , Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation , Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Wang Y, Zaytsev ME, Lajoinie G, Le The H, Bomer JG, Eijkel JCT, Zandvliet HJW, Zhang X, Lohse D. Plasmonic Bubble Nucleation and Growth in Water: Effect of Dissolved Air. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:23586-23593. [PMID: 31583035 PMCID: PMC6768170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Under continuous laser irradiation, noble metal nanoparticles immersed in water can quickly heat up, leading to the nucleation of so-called plasmonic bubbles. In this work, we want to further understand the bubble nucleation and growth mechanism. In particular, we quantitatively study the effect of the amount of dissolved air on the bubble nucleation and growth dynamics, both for the initial giant bubble, which forms shortly after switching on the laser and is mainly composed of vapor, and for the final life phase of the bubble, during which it mainly contains air expelled from water. We found that the bubble nucleation temperature depends on the gas concentration: the higher the gas concentration, the lower the bubble nucleation temperature. Also, the long-term diffusion-dominated bubble growth is governed by the gas concentration. The radius of the bubbles grows as R(t) ∝ t 1/3 for air-equilibrated and air-oversaturated water. In contrast, in partially degassed water, the growth is much slower since, even for the highest temperature we achieve, the water remains undersaturated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Li
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Robotics Institute,
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang
University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Robotics Institute,
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang
University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- E-mail: (Y.W.)
| | - Mikhail E. Zaytsev
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hai Le The
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Bomer
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Harold J. W. Zandvliet
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- E-mail: (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li D, Qi L, Liu Y, Bhushan B, Gu J, Dong J. Study on the Formation and Properties of Trapped Nanobubbles and Surface Nanobubbles by Spontaneous and Temperature Difference Methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12035-12041. [PMID: 31424216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trapped nanobubbles are gas domains trapped at nanopits on the solid-liquid interface. This is different from surface nanobubbles that usually form at the smooth surface. Herein, both trapped nanobubbles and surface nanobubbles formed on the nanopitted polystyrene film were studied by a spontaneous formation method and a temperature difference method. Trapped nanobubbles behave more flexibly than surface nanobubbles under different scanning loads. The nanopits under trapped nanobubbles appear after being subjected to large force scanning, and both trapped nanobubbles and surface nanobubbles can recover after reducing the scan load. The contact angles of the two kinds of nanobubbles were calculated and were found to be approximately constant. Configurations of trapped nanobubbles including under the pit mouth, protruding out but pinning at the pit mouth, and protruding out and extending around the pit mouth were experimentally observed. Gas oversaturation in the liquid after replacing the low-temperature water with high-temperature water was evaluated and was found to be a key factor for nanobubble formation and led to trapped nanobubbles protruding out and extending. Our study should be helpful in understanding the formation mechanism and properties of trapped nanobubbles and surface nanobubbles, and it will also be useful for further research on the control of nanobubble distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Li
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2) , The Ohio State University , 201 W. 19th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210-1142 , United States
| | | | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2) , The Ohio State University , 201 W. 19th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210-1142 , United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Surface nanobubbles on the rare earth fluorcarbonate mineral synchysite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 552:66-71. [PMID: 31102850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Surface nanobubbles have been identified to play an important role in a range of industries from mineral processing to food science. The formation of surface nanobubbles is of importance for mineral processing in the extraction of complex ores, such as those containing rare earth elements. This is due to the way minerals are extracted utilising froth flotation. In this study, surface nanobubbles were imaged using non-contact atomic force microscopy on a polished cross section containing rare earth minerals. Nanobubbles were found on synchysite under reagent conditions expected to induce hydrophobicity in rare earth minerals, which is required for efficient processing. Synchysite -(Ce) is a rare earth fluorcarbonate mineral containing over 30% rare earth elements. Relatively little research has been conducted on synchysite, with only a few papers on its surface behaviour and flotation. The resulting nanobubbles were analysed and showed an average contact angle of 24° ± 8. These are in line with contact angles found on dolomite and galena by previous studies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao B, Luo S, Bonaccurso E, Auernhammer GK, Deng X, Li Z, Chen L. Resolving the Apparent Line Tension of Sessile Droplets and Understanding its Sign Change at a Critical Wetting Angle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:094501. [PMID: 31524463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite strenuous research efforts for more than one century, identifying the magnitude and sign of the apparent line tension for a liquid-solid-gas system remains an elusive goal. Herein we accurately determine the apparent line tension from the size-dependent contact angle of sessile nanodrops on surfaces with different wetting properties via atomic force microscopy measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the apparent line tension has a magnitude of 10^{-11}-10^{-10} J/m, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, while it is positive and favors shorter contact lines for droplets on very lyophilic surfaces, the apparent line tension changes its sign and favors longer contact lines on surfaces with an apparent contact angle higher than a critical value. By analyzing the density and the potential energy of liquid molecules within the sessile droplet, we demonstrate that the sign of the apparent line tension is a thermodynamic property of the liquid-solid-gas system rather than the local effect of intermolecular interactions in the three-phase confluence region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Zhao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Shuang Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Longquan Chen
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li D, Liu Y, Qi L, Gu J, Tang Q, Wang X, Bhushan B. Properties of Blisters Formed on Polymer Films and Differentiating them from Nanobubbles/Nanodrops. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3005-3012. [PMID: 30712347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When studying surface nanobubbles on film-coated substrates, a class of bubble-like domains called blisters are probably forming at the solid-liquid interface together with nanobubbles. This may easily lead to a misunderstanding of the characteristics and applications of surface nanobubbles and thus continue to cause problems within the nanobubble community. Therefore, how to distinguish surface nanobubbles from blisters is a problem. Herein, the morphology and properties of blisters are investigated on both smooth and nanopitted polystyrene (PS) films in degassed water. The morphology and contact angle of blisters are similar to those of surface nanobubbles. However, blisters were observed to be punctured under the tip-blister interaction and be torn broken by an atomic force microscope tip during the process of scanning. At the same time, nanopits on the surface of blisters that formed on a pitted PS film can be seen clearly. These provide direct and visual evidence for distinguishing blisters from surface nanobubbles. In addition, surface nanobubbles and blisters on smooth and pitted PS films in air-equilibrated water are studied. No punctured surface nanobubble was observed, and the force curves obtained on surface nanobubbles and the change in height of blisters and surface nanobubbles under a large scanning force show that surface nanobubbles are much softer than blisters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Li
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2) , The Ohio State University , 201 W. 19th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210-1142 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2) , The Ohio State University , 201 W. 19th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210-1142 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Wang Y, Zeng B, Li Y, Tan H, Zandvliet HJW, Zhang X, Lohse D. Entrapment and Dissolution of Microbubbles Inside Microwells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10659-10667. [PMID: 30102544 PMCID: PMC6136092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation and evolution of immersed surface micro- and nanobubbles are essential in various practical applications, such as the usage of superhydrophobic materials, drug delivery, and mineral flotation. In this work, we investigate the entrapment of microbubbles on a hydrophobic surface, structured with microwells, when water flow passes along, and the subsequent microbubble dissolution. At entrapment, the microbubble is initially pinned at the edge of the microwell. At some point, the three-phase contact line detaches from one side of the edge and separates from the wall, after which it further recedes. We systematically investigate the evolution of the footprint diameter and the contact angle of the entrapped microbubbles, which reveals that the dissolution process is in the constant contact angle mode. By varying the gas undersaturation level, we quantify how a high gas undersaturation enhances the dissolution process, and compare with simplified theoretical predictions for dissolving bubbles on a plane surface. We find that geometric partial blockage effects of the diffusive flux out of the microbubble trapped in the microwell lead to reduced dissolution rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Li
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center
for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics, J. M. Burgers
Centre for Fluid Dynamics and Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The
Netherlands
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center
for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- E-mail: (Y.W.)
| | - Binglin Zeng
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center
for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanshen Li
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics, J. M. Burgers
Centre for Fluid Dynamics and Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The
Netherlands
| | - Huanshu Tan
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics, J. M. Burgers
Centre for Fluid Dynamics and Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The
Netherlands
| | - Harold J. W. Zandvliet
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics, J. M. Burgers
Centre for Fluid Dynamics and Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The
Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics, J. M. Burgers
Centre for Fluid Dynamics and Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The
Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, 12-211 Donadeo
Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G1H9
- E-mail: (X.Z.)
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics, J. M. Burgers
Centre for Fluid Dynamics and Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The
Netherlands
- E-mail: (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Lu T, Li X, Wang H. Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:975-985. [PMID: 29719750 PMCID: PMC5905267 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images normally exhibit various artifacts. As a result, image flattening is required prior to image analysis. To obtain optimized flattening results, foreground features are generally manually excluded using rectangular masks in image flattening, which is time consuming and inaccurate. In this study, a two-step scheme was proposed to achieve optimized image flattening in an automated manner. In the first step, the convex and concave features in the foreground were automatically segmented with accurate boundary detection. The extracted foreground features were taken as exclusion masks. In the second step, data points in the background were fitted as polynomial curves/surfaces, which were then subtracted from raw images to get the flattened images. Moreover, sliding-window-based polynomial fitting was proposed to process images with complex background trends. The working principle of the two-step image flattening scheme were presented, followed by the investigation of the influence of a sliding-window size and polynomial fitting direction on the flattened images. Additionally, the role of image flattening on the morphological characterization and segmentation of AFM images were verified with the proposed method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Tongda Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolai Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, 2041 College Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Owens C, Schach E, Rudolph M, Nash GR. Surface nanobubbles on the carbonate mineral dolomite. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35448-35452. [PMID: 35547923 PMCID: PMC9087822 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07952h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of surface nanobubbles on dolomite show that their pinning is affected by the surfactants using in mineral processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla L. Owens
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences
- University of Exeter
- UK
| | - Edgar Schach
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- Germany
| | - Martin Rudolph
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- Germany
| | - Geoffrey R. Nash
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences
- University of Exeter
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Lu T, Li X, Ren S, Bi S. Robust nanobubble and nanodroplet segmentation in atomic force microscope images using the spherical Hough transform. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2572-2582. [PMID: 29259872 PMCID: PMC5727802 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial nanobubbles (NBs) and nanodroplets (NDs) have been attracting increasing attention due to their potential for numerous applications. As a result, the automated segmentation and morphological characterization of NBs and NDs in atomic force microscope (AFM) images is highly awaited. The current segmentation methods suffer from the uneven background in AFM images due to thermal drift and hysteresis of AFM scanners. In this study, a two-step approach was proposed to segment NBs and NDs in AFM images in an automated manner. The spherical Hough transform (SHT) and a boundary optimization operation were combined to achieve robust segmentation. The SHT was first used to preliminarily detect NBs and NDs. After that, the so-called contour expansion operation was applied to achieve optimized boundaries. The principle and the detailed procedure of the proposed method were presented, followed by the demonstration of the automated segmentation and morphological characterization. The result shows that the proposed method gives an improved segmentation result compared with the thresholding and circle Hough transform method. Moreover, the proposed method shows strong robustness of segmentation in AFM images with an uneven background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tongda Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolai Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Ren
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Bi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|