1
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Yi S, Yang S, Xie Z, Yun J, Pan X. Carbene-Mediated Polymer Modification Using Diazo Compounds under Photo or Thermal Activation Conditions. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:711-718. [PMID: 38767947 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Based on the characteristics of commodity polymers in large quantities and low costs, modification of existing commodity polymers emerges as the most effective approach for exploring novel materials. Nevertheless, conventional modification methods typically involve high-energy processes (e.g., high temperature, high-energy radiation), which may lead to irreversible detrimental effects on the polymers, contradicting the desired performance enhancement through modification. In this work, we propose a carbene-mediated postpolymerization modification (PPM) strategy utilizing diazo compounds. Under photochemical or thermal activation conditions, insertion of the C-H bond can be achieved without compromising the performance of polymers. These diazo compounds can be easily synthesized in just two steps and applied to all C-H-containing polymers. This practical and effective modification strategy offers new opportunities and possibilities for enhancing the value and expanding the applications of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhikang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Qiao Z, Li X, Chen M, Cao F, Mo Z. Double 1,2-Carbon Migration at Mixed Heavier Sn=Ge Vinylidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401570. [PMID: 38380578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
1,2-migration is one recurring isomerization reaction in organic chemistry. In contrast, double 1,2-migration remains rare and limited to transition-metal complexes. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of mixed heavier Sn=Ge vinylidenes. Double 1,2-carbon migration enables the isomerization of the stannagermenylidene (3) to the germastannenylidene (4). X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations revealed that 3 and 4 feature a Sn=Ge double bond. The reaction of 3 with IMe4 (1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazoline-2-ylidene) results in the electron redistribution in the Sn=Ge core to give the germylone-stannylene adduct (5). Moreover, treatment of 3 with 0.25 equiv. of (AlCp*)4 produces the heteronuclear aluminyl stannagermyne (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Abshire A, Ogunyemi B, Darko A. Rh(II)-Catalyzed Si-H Insertion with Nosyl-hydrazone-Protected Aryl Donor Diazo Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38005-38012. [PMID: 37867650 PMCID: PMC10586302 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel catalysts were evaluated in silyl-hydrogen insertion reactions of aryl diazo compounds generated from o-nosyl hydrazones. The high reactivity of aryl diazo compounds necessitates their in situ generation from sulfonyl-protected hydrazones. Herein, we describe our efforts to evaluate this transformation utilizing Rh(II) catalysts, including those with tethered, axially coordinating ligands. The heteroleptic catalyst, Rh2(OAc)3(2-OX), provided the highest yield of silanes when dioxane was the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Abshire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bukola Ogunyemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ampofo Darko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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4
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Jiao J, Yang W, Wang X. α-Aminocarbene-Mediated Si-H Insertion: Deoxygenative Silylation of Aromatic Amides with Silanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:594-601. [PMID: 36521058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While metal carbene-mediated Si-H insertion reactions have become a powerful strategy to build new C-Si bonds, the utilization of α-aminocarbene intermediates generated from readily available precursors in the Si-H insertion reaction remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, we develop a practical and general strategy to synthesize α-aminosilanes through a deoxygenative cross-coupling of amides and silanes mediated by Sm/SmI2. Given the simplicity and versatility, this methodology represents a fascinating example for the effective utilization of inert amides as α-aminocarbene precursors in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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5
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Pandey AK, Chand S, Sharma AK, Singh KN. Copper-Catalyzed Thiolation of Hydrazones with Sodium Sulfinates: A Straightforward Synthesis of Benzylic Thioethers. J Org Chem 2023; 88:475-482. [PMID: 36520416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A facile and sustainable protocol for the thiolation of hydrazones with sodium sulfinates has been developed in the presence of CuBr2 and DBU in DMF to afford diverse benzylic thioethers. Control experiments reveal a radical pathway involving a thiyl radical as a key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Shiv Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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6
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Yang B, Cao K, Zhao G, Yang J, Zhang J. Pd/Ming-Phos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Three-Component Arylsilylation of N-Sulfonylhydrazones: Enantioselective Synthesis of gem-Diarylmethine Silanes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15468-15474. [PMID: 35994322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed enantioselective three-component reaction of N-sulfonylhydrazones, aryl bromides, and silylboronic esters is developed, enabling the synthesis of chiral gem-diarylmethine silanes in high enantioselectivity with the use of a newly identified Ming-Phos. Compared with N-tosyl, the more easily decomposed N-mesitylsulfonyl is more suitable as the masking group of electron-rich hydrazone to improve the reaction efficiency. The reaction features a broad scope concerning both coupling partners, high enantioselectivity, and mild reaction conditions. The ready access to enantiomers and utility of this catalytic method are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kangning Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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7
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Hurst MR, Davis AG, Cook AK. The Influence of Silane Steric Bulk on the Formation and Dynamic Behavior of Silyl Palladium Hydrides. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Amanda G. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Amanda K. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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8
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Luo C, Lu WH, Wang GQ, Zhang ZB, Li HQ, Han P, Yang D, Jing LH, Wang C. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Diarylmethyl Silanes via 1,6-Conjugate Addition of Silyl Radicals to p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3567-3576. [PMID: 35133837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic method for the preparation of diarylmethyl silanes was reported through silyl radicals addition strategy to p-QMs (p-quinone methides). This protocol could tolerate a variety of functional groups affording the corresponding silylation products with moderate to excellent yields. The resulting silylation products could be easily converted into a series of bioactive GPR40 agonists and useful p-QMs precursors for the synthesis of compounds possessing both quaternary carbon centers and silicon substituents through simple operation. A plausible mechanism of silyl radicals to p-QMs was proposed on the basis of experimental results and previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Wen-Hua Lu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Guo-Qin Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Hai-Qiong Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Petro China Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610000, China
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9
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Huang EH, Zhang YQ, Cui DQ, Zhu XQ, Li X, Ye LW. Copper-Catalyzed Si-H Bond Insertion Reaction of N-Propargyl Ynamides with Hydrosilanes. Org Lett 2021; 24:196-201. [PMID: 34931837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed Si-H bond insertion reactions are generally limited to stabilized diazo compounds. An efficient copper-catalyzed Si-H bond insertion reaction of N-propargyl ynamides with hydrosilanes is described, allowing practical and atom-economic construction of valuable organosilanes in generally moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Notably, this reaction constitutes a new method of Si-H bond insertion reaction involving vinyl cations as key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-He Huang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Da-Qiu Cui
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Hurst MR, Zakharov LN, Cook AK. The mechanism of oxidative addition of Pd(0) to Si-H bonds: electronic effects, reaction mechanism, and hydrosilylation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13045-13060. [PMID: 34745535 PMCID: PMC8513848 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative addition of Pd to Si-H bonds is a crucial step in a variety of catalytic applications, and many aspects of this reaction are poorly understood. One important yet underexplored aspect is the electronic effect of silane substituents on reactivity. Herein we describe a systematic investigation of the formation of silyl palladium hydride complexes as a function of silane identity, focusing on electronic influence of the silanes. Using [(μ-dcpe)Pd]2 (dcpe = dicyclohexyl(phosphino)ethane) and tertiary silanes, data show that equilibrium strongly favours products formed from electron-deficient silanes, and is fully dynamic with respect to both temperature and product distribution. A notable kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 1.21 is observed with H/DSiPhMe2 at 233 K, and the reaction is shown to be 0.5th order in [(μ-dcpe)Pd]2 and 1st order in silane. Formed complexes exhibit temperature-dependent intramolecular H/Si ligand exchange on the NMR timescale, allowing determination of the energetic barrier to reversible oxidative addition. Taken together, these results give unique insight into the individual steps of oxidative addition and suggest the initial formation of a σ-complex intermediate to be rate-limiting. The insight gained from these mechanistic studies was applied to hydrosilylation of alkynes, which shows parallel trends in the effect of the silanes' substituents. Importantly, this work highlights the relevance of in-depth mechanistic studies of fundamental steps to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Amanda K Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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11
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Ping Y, Wang R, Wang Q, Chang T, Huo J, Lei M, Wang J. Synthesis of Alkenylboronates from N-Tosylhydrazones through Palladium-Catalyzed Carbene Migratory Insertion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9769-9780. [PMID: 34157838 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidative borylation reaction of N-tosylhydrazones has been developed. The reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. It thus represents a highly efficient and practical method for the synthesis of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted alkenylboronates from readily available N-tosylhydrazones. One-pot Suzuki coupling and other transformations highlight the synthetic utility of the approach. DFT calculations have revealed that palladium-carbene formation and subsequent boryl migratory insertion are the key steps in the catalytic cycle. The high stereoselectivity observed in the formation of trisubstituted alkenylboronates has been explained by distortion-interaction analysis and NBO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ping
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qianyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Taiwei Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingfeng Huo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Radolko J, Ehlers P, Langer P. Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of N‐Tosylhydrazones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Radolko
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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13
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Bergstrom BD, Nickerson LA, Shaw JT, Souza LW. Transition Metal Catalyzed Insertion Reactions with Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6864-6878. [PMID: 32770624 PMCID: PMC7867669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Donor/donor carbenes are relatively new in the field of carbene chemistry; although applications in C-H and X-H insertion reactions are few in number, they demonstrate exquisite chemo- and stereo-selectivity. Recent reports have shown that C-H, N-H, B-H, O-H, S-H, Si-H, Ge-H, Sn-H and P-H insertion reactions are feasible with a variety of transition metal catalysts, both inter- and intramolecularly. Furthermore, high degrees of diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been observed in several cases. Methods typically involve the formation of a diazo-based carbene precursor, but procedures using diazo-free metal carbenes have been developed with significant success. This Minireview covers transition-metal catalyzed insertion reactions with donor/donor and donor carbenes, providing context for future developments in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Bergstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leslie A Nickerson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lucas W Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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14
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Zhang Z, He Z, Xie Y, He T, Fu Y, Yu Y, Huang F. Brønsted acid-catalyzed homogeneous O–H and S–H insertion reactions under metal- and ligand-free conditions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The economical and accessible CF3SO3H successfully catalyzed homogeneous O–H and S–H bond insertion reactions between hydroxyl compounds, thiols and diazo compounds under metal- and ligand-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
| | - Zhiqin He
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Tiantong He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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15
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Ji X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Han Y, Peng H, Li F, Liu L. Catalyst-free synthesis of α,α-disubstituted carboxylic acid derivatives under ambient conditions via a Wolff rearrangement reaction. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-promoted Wolff rearrangement reaction was developed, delivering various α,α-disubstituted carboxylic acid derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yazhe Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhu Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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16
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Qiu X, Zhou L, Wang H, Lu L, Ling Y, Zhang Y. Nickel( ii)-catalyzed reductive silylation of alkenyl methyl ethers for the synthesis of alkyl silanes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37083-37088. [PMID: 35496447 PMCID: PMC9043817 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07238b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new one pot protocol has been developed for the reductive silylation of alkenyl methyl ethers using Et3Si–BPin and HSiEt3 with nickel(ii) catalyst. Styrene type methyl ethers, multi-substituted vinyl methyl ethers, heterocycles and unconjugated vinyl ethers are all tolerated to form alkyl silanes. Mechanistic study reveals that it is a cascade of a C–O bond silylation and vinyl double bond hydrogenation process. Internal nucleophilic substitution or oxidative addition pathways were both acceptable for C–O bond cleavage. The acquired intermediate alkenyl silanes then proceeded through an unconventional reduction process thus providing alkyl silanes. A Ni(ii)-catalyzed tandem reaction including vinyl C–O bond silylation and olefin hydrogenation has been developed providing structurally diversified alkyl silanes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lingyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
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17
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Bergstrom BD, Nickerson LA, Shaw JT, Souza LW. Transition Metal Catalyzed Insertion Reactions with Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Bergstrom
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Leslie A. Nickerson
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Lucas W. Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
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18
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Jagannathan JR, Fettinger JC, Shaw JT, Franz AK. Enantioselective Si-H Insertion Reactions of Diarylcarbenes for the Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Silanes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11674-11679. [PMID: 32539370 PMCID: PMC7747653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of enantioselective, intermolecular diarylcarbene insertion into Si-H bonds for the synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanes. Dirhodium(II) carboxylates catalyze an Si-H insertion using carbenes derived from diazo compounds where selective formation of an enantioenriched silicon center is achieved using prochiral silanes. Fourteen prochiral silanes were evaluated with symmetrical and prochiral diazo reactants to produce a total of 25 novel silanes. Adding an ortho substituent on one phenyl ring of a prochiral diazo enhances enantioselectivity up to 95:5 er with yields up to 98%. Using in situ IR spectroscopy, the impact of the off-cycle azine formation is supported based on the structural dependence for relative rates of diazo decomposition. A catalytic cycle is proposed with Si-H insertion as the rate-determining step, supported by kinetic isotope experiments. Transformations of an enantioenriched silane derived from this method, including selective synthesis of a novel sila-indane, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R. Jagannathan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annaliese K. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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19
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Prybil J, Wallace R, Warren A, Klingman J, Vaillant R, Hall MB, Yang X, Brennessel WW, Chin RM. Silylation of Pyridine, Picolines, and Quinoline with a Zinc Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1528-1539. [PMID: 32010826 PMCID: PMC6990635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zn(OTf)2 (OTf- = trifluoromethanesulfonate) catalyzes the silylation of pyridine, 3-picoline, and quinoline to afford the silylated products, where the silyl groups are meta to the nitrogen. The isolated yields of the products range from 41 to 26%. The 2- and 4-picolines yielded the silylmethylpyridines, where the CH3 groups were silylated instead of the ring. The pyridine silylation can occur via two separate pathways, involving either a 1,4- or a 1,2-hydrosilylation of pyridine as the first step. A byproduct of the pyridine silylation is a head-to-tail dimerization of N-silyl-1,4-dihydropyridine to form a diazaditwistane molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
W. Prybil
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Northern Iowa, Cedar
Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Rodney Wallace
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Northern Iowa, Cedar
Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Alexandra Warren
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Northern Iowa, Cedar
Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Jordan Klingman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Northern Iowa, Cedar
Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Romane Vaillant
- École
nationale supérieure de chimie de Rennes, Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, Rennes, Bretagne 35700, France
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Robert M. Chin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Northern Iowa, Cedar
Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
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20
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Cao Z, Yan S, Zhao C, Sun X, Tian L, Meng X. AgOTf-catalyzed reaction of sulfonyl hydrazones with ynamides led to stereoselective synthesis of α-amino alkenyl-substituted hydrazone derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Sun W, Chen C, Qi Y, Zhao J, Bao Y, Zhu B. Palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with N-tosyl hydrazones: synthesis of alkene-functionalized oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8358-8363. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach for the construction of alkene-functionalized oxindoles was developed via palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with N-tosyl hydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Yuan Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Yinwei Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
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23
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Ping Y, Chang T, Wang K, Huo J, Wang J. Palladium-catalyzed oxidative borylation of conjugated enynones through carbene migratory insertion: synthesis of furyl-substituted alkenylboronates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:59-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of furyl-substituted alkenylboronates has been developed by palladium-catalyzed oxidative borylation reaction of conjugated enynones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ping
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Taiwei Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Jingfeng Huo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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