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Khan TM, Saidani O, Ahmed SRA. Utilizing machine learning to enhance performance of thin-film solar cells based on Sb 2(S x Se 1-x ) 3: investigating the influence of material properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:27749-27763. [PMID: 39224636 PMCID: PMC11367396 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimony chalcogenides (Sb2(S x Se1-x )3) have drawn attention as a potential semiconducting substance for heterojunction photovoltaic (PV) devices due to the remarkable optoelectronic properties and wide range of bandgaps spanning from 1.1 to 1.7 eV. In this investigation, SCAPS-1D simulation software is employed to design an earth abundant, non-toxic, and cost-effective antimony sulfide-selenide (Sb2(S,Se)3)-based thin-film solar cell (TFSC), where tungsten disulfide (WS2) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) are used as an electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL), respectively. The PV performance parameters such as power conversion efficiency, open-circuit voltage (V oc), short-circuit current (J sc), and fill factor (FF) are assessed through adjustments in material properties including thickness, acceptor concentration, bulk defect density of the absorber, defect state of absorber/ETL and HTL/absorber interfaces, operating temperature, work function of the rear electrode, and cell resistances. This analysis aims to validate their collective impact on the overall efficiency of the designed Ni/Cu2O/Sb2(S,Se)3/WS2/FTO/Al TFSC. The optimized physical parameters for the Sb2(S,Se)3 TFSC lead to impressive PV outputs with an efficiency of 30.18%, V oc of 1.02 V, J sc of 33.65 mA cm-2, and FF of 87.59%. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning (ML) algorithm predicts the optimal PCE by considering five semiconductor parameters: absorber layer thickness, bandgap, electron affinity, electron mobility, and hole mobility. This model, which has an approximate correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.999, is able to predict the data with precision. This numerical analysis provides valuable data for the fabrication of an environmentally friendly, economical, and incredibly non-toxic efficient heterojunction TFSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Mahtab Khan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna 6600 Bangladesh
| | - Okba Saidani
- ETA Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Technology, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi of Bordj Bou Arréridj 34000 Algeria
| | - Sheikh Rashel Al Ahmed
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna 6600 Bangladesh
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2
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Alqurashi RS. Comprehensive investigation of material properties and operational parameters for enhancing performance and stability of FASnI 3-based perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16511. [PMID: 39019955 PMCID: PMC11255236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the efficiency of lead-based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), exceeding 25%, have raised concerns about their toxicity and suitability for mass commercialization. As a result, tin-based PSCs have emerged as attractive alternatives. Among diverse types of tin-based PSCs, organic-inorganic metal halide materials, particularly FASnI3 stands out for high efficiency, remarkable stability, low-cost, and straightforward solution-based fabrication process. In this work, we modelled the performance of FASnI3 PSCs with four different hole transporting materials (Spiro-OMeTAD, Cu2O, CuI, and CuSCN) using SCAPS-1D program. Compared to the initial structure of Ag/Spiro-OMeTAD/FASnI3/TiO2/FTO, analysis on current-voltage and quantum efficiency characteristics identified Cu2O as an ideal hole transport material. Optimizing device output involved exploring the thickness of the FASnI3 layer, defect density states, light reflection/transmission at the back and front metal contacts, effects of metal work function, and operational temperature. Maximum performance and high stability have been achieved, where an open-circuit voltage of 1.16 V, and a high short-circuit current density of 31.70 mA/cm2 were obtained. Further study on charge carriers capture cross-section demonstrated a PCE of 32.47% and FF of 88.53% at a selected capture cross-section of electrons and holes of 1022 cm2. This work aims to guide researchers for building and manufacturing perovskite solar cells that are more stable with moderate thickness, more effective, and economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Saleh Alqurashi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, 65779-7738, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Alipour A, Alipour H. Device modeling of high performance and eco-friendly FAMASnI 3 based perovskite solar cell. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15427. [PMID: 38965306 PMCID: PMC11224425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing environmentally friendly and highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) encounters significant challenges, specifically the potential toxicity and degradation of thin films in hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaics (PV). We employed theoretical design strategies that produce hysteresis-reduced, efficient, and stable PSCs based on composition and interface engineering. The devices include a mixed-organic-cation perovskite formamidinium methylammonium tin iodide ( FAMASnI 3 ) as an absorber layer and zinc oxide (ZnO) together with a passivation film phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM ) as a double-electron transport layer (DETL). Furthermore, a nickel oxide (NiO) layer and a trap-free junction copper iodide (CuI) are used as a double-hole transport layer (DHTL). The optoelectronic characterization measurements were carried out to understand the physical mechanisms that govern the operation of the devices. The high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 24.27% and 23.50% were achieved in 1D and 2D simulations, respectively. This study illustrates that composition and interface engineering enable eco-friendly perovskite solar cells, improving performance and advancing clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Alipour
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
| | - Hossein Alipour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Azad University of Lahijan, Lahijan, Gilan, 1616, Iran
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Li G, Xu M, Chen Z. Design and simulation investigations on charge transport layers-free in lead-free three absorber layer all-perovskite solar cells. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2024; 17:18. [PMID: 38861203 PMCID: PMC11166623 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The multiple absorber layer perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with charge transport layers-free (CTLs-free) have drawn widespread research interest due to their simplified architecture and promising photoelectric characteristics. Under the circumstances, the novel design of CTLs-free inversion PSCs with stable and nontoxic three absorber layers (triple Cs3Bi2I9, single MASnI3, double Cs2TiBr6) as optical-harvester has been numerically simulated by utilizing wxAMPS simulation software and achieved high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.8834%. This is owing to the innovative architecture of PSCs favors efficient transport and extraction of more holes and the slender band gap MASnI3 extends the absorption spectrum to the near-infrared periphery compared with the two absorber layers architecture of PSCs. Moreover, the performance of the device with p-type-Cs3Bi2I9/p-type-MASnI3/n-type-Cs2TiBr6 architecture is superior to the one with the p-type-Cs3Bi2I9/n-type-MASnI3/n-type-Cs2TiBr6 architecture due to less carrier recombination and higher carrier life time inside the absorber layers. The simulation results reveal that Cs2TiF6 double perovskite material stands out as the best alternative. Additionally, an excellent PCE of 21.4530% can be obtained with the thicker MASnI3 absorber layer thickness (0.4 µm). Lastly, the highest-performance photovoltaic devices (28.6193%) can be created with the optimized perovskite doping density of around E15 cm3 (Cs3Bi2I9), E18 cm3 (MASnI3), and 1.5E19 cm3 (Cs2TiBr6). This work manifests that the proposed CTLs-free PSCs with multi-absorber layers shall be a relevant reference for forward applications in electro-optical and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Mingxiang Xu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Nyiekaa EA, Aika TA, Danladi E, Akhabue CE, Orukpe PE. Simulation and optimization of 30.17% high performance N-type TCO-free inverted perovskite solar cell using inorganic transport materials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12024. [PMID: 38797811 PMCID: PMC11128456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained much attention in recent years because of their improved energy conversion efficiency, simple fabrication process, low processing temperature, flexibility, light weight, and low cost of constituent materials when compared with their counterpart silicon based solar cells. Besides, stability and toxicity of PSCs and low power conversion efficiency have been an obstacle towards commercialization of PSCs which has attracted intense research attention. In this research paper, a Glass/Cu2O/CH3NH3SnI3/ZnO/Al inverted device structure which is made of cheap inorganic materials, n-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO)-free, stable, photoexcited toxic-free perovskite have been carefully designed, simulated and optimized using a one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The effects of layers' thickness, perovskite's doping concentration and back contact electrodes have been investigated, and the optimized structure produced an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.0867 V, short circuit current density (JSC) of 33.4942 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 82.88% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.17%. This paper presents a model that is first of its kind where the highest PCE performance and eco-friendly n-type TCO-free inverted CH3NH3SnI3 based perovskite solar cell is achieved using all-inorganic transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A Nyiekaa
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
| | - Timothy A Aika
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Eli Danladi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria
| | | | - Patience E Orukpe
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Dharmale N, A A, Srivastava A, Chaudhury S. Performance analysis of un-doped and doped titania (TiO 2 ) as an electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells. J Mol Model 2024; 30:154. [PMID: 38691236 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out on pure and doped rutile TiO2 . The bandgap (Eg ) for pristine, S-doped, Fe-doped, and Fe/S co-doped materials is direct, with values of 2.98 eV, 2.18 eV, 1.58 eV, and 1.40 eV. The effective mass of charge carriers (m*) and ratio of effective masses of holes to effective masses of electrons (R) are also investigated, and it is discovered that Fe/S co-doped materials have the lowest charge carrier recombination rate. The Fe/S co-doped material has the highest ε ( ω ) . α ( ω ) of doped materials shifted into the visible range. Due to the high dopant concentration in Fe and Fe/S-doped cases, the Eg is lowered to a relatively small value; hence, only pristine and S-doped materials are verified as electron transport layer (ETL). A solar cell device analysis employing pure and S-doped rutile TiO2 as ETL is completed using DFT-derived parameters in SCAPS-1D modeling software for the first time. For the optimized solar cells, current-voltage (IV) characteristics, quantum efficiency (QE), capacitance-voltage (CV) characteristics, and capacitance-frequency (Cf) characteristics are provided. The aim of the present study is to improve efficiency of perovskite solar cell by doping as well as to improve accuracy of simulation by applying DFT extracted parameters as input. From the analysis, improvement is found in efficiency of doped TiO2 compared to un-doped TiO2 . The efficiency of the PSC with S-doped ETL is 1.418% higher than the PSC with un-doped ETL. METHOD Quantumwise Automistic Tool Kit (ATK) is used to extract DFT parameters. Using these DFT parameters as input in SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator), solar cells for doped and un-doped material are simulated. The density functional theory (DFT)-based orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbital (OLCAO) technique is used. Structural optimization is done using the LBFGS (Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno). PBESol-GGA (Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof solid-generalized gradient approximation) is applied as exchange correlation for calculating structural parameters, while MGGA-TB09 (meta-generalized gradient approximation-Tran and Blaha) is applied as exchange correlation for calculating optical and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Dharmale
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engineering, Shegaon, Khamgaon road, Shegaon, 444203, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Aadhityan A
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), National Research Council, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, Monterotondo Scalo, I-00016, Lazio, Italy.
| | - Ashutosh Srivastava
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Chaudhury
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Cachar, 780010, Assam, India
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Ijaz S, Raza E, Ahmad Z, Mehmood H, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Massoud Y. A numerical approach to optimize the performance of HTL-free carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells using organic ETLs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29091. [PMID: 38596139 PMCID: PMC11002682 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells (c-PSCs) without a hole transport layer (HTL) have obtained a significant interest owing to their cost-effective, stable, and simplified structure. However, their application is limited by low efficiency and the prevalence of high-temperature processed electron transport layer (ETL), e.g. TiO2, which also has poor optoelectronic properties, including low conductivity and mobility. In this study, a series of organic materials, namely PCBM ((Park et al., 2023; Park et al., 2023) [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, C72H14O2), Alq3 (Al(C9H6NO)3), BCP (2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, C26H20N2), C60, ICBA (indene-C60 bisadduct, C78H16) and PEIE (poly (ethylenimine) ethoxylated, (C37H24O6N2)n) have been numerically analyzed in SCAPS-1D solar simulator to explore alternative potential ETL materials for HTL-free c-PSCs. The presented device has FTO/ETL/CH3NH3PbI3/carbon structure, and its performance is optimized based on significant design parameters. The highest achieved PCEs for PCBM, Alq3, BCP, C60, ICBA, and PEIE-based devices are 22.85%, 19.08%, 20.99%, 25.51%, 23.91%, and 22.53%, respectively. These PCEs are obtained for optimum absorber thickness for each case, with an acceptor concentration of 1.0 × 1017 cm-3 and defect density of 2.5 × 1013 cm-3. The C60-based cell has been found to outperform with device parameters as Voc of 1.29 V, Jsc of 23.76 mA/cm2, and FF of 82.67%. As the design lacks stability when only organic materials are employed, each of the presented devices have been analyzed by applying BiI3, LiF, and ZnO as protective layers with the performances not compromised. We believe that our obtained results will be of great interest in developing stable and efficient HTL-free c-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbel Ijaz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Raza
- Qatar University Young Scientists Center (QUYSC), Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Qatar University Young Scientists Center (QUYSC), Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haris Mehmood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Marimuthu S, Pandiaraj S, Muthuramamoorthy M, Alzahrani KE, Alodhayb AN, Pitchaimuthu S, Grace AN. Experimental and computational DFT, drift-diffusion studies of cobalt-based hybrid perovskite crystals as absorbers in perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4262-4277. [PMID: 38230683 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The optimised designs of dimethyl ammonium cobalt formate-based perovskite crystals [(CH3)2NH2]Co(HCOO)3 were experimentally synthesized and computationally utilized as absorbers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Crystals were grown using solvothermal synthesis. Additive materials (Fe, Ni) are responsible for the growth and suppression of crystals in the micrometre range. Temperature and pressure were altered to obtain optimum growth conditions. Grown crystals were characterized by spectroscopy (XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis) and optical microscopy. Combined density functional theory (DFT) and drift-diffusion modelling frameworks were simulated. These simulators were used to examine various perovskite absorbers for solar-cell configurations. Field calculations were used to examine the structural stability, band structure, and electronic contribution of the constituent elements in [(CH3)2NH2]Co1-nMn(HCOO)3 (M = Fe, Ni and n = 0, 0.1) as absorber material. Conventional TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD were used as the electron-transport layer and hole-transport layer, respectively, and Pt was used as a back contact. Comprehensive analysis of the effects of several parameters (layer thickness, series and shunt resistances, temperature, generation-recombination rates, current-voltage density, quantum efficiency) was carried out using simulation. Our proposed strategy may pave the way for further design of new absorber materials for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Marimuthu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthumareeswaran Muthuramamoorthy
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Alzahrani
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Institute of Mechanical, Processing and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Chen T, Liu Z, Zhang L, Wu H, Wu G, Chen H. Visible-Blind Narrowband Near-Infrared Photodetector for Precise Real-Time Photoplethysmography Measurement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50312-50320. [PMID: 37852300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The visible-blind narrowband photodetector (NPD) with spectral selective sensitivity to near-infrared (NIR) light is an important technology in the field of cardiovascular health assessment. However, the biological information carried by NIR light constantly changes signals with small amplitude and fast speed, which puts high requirements on the performance of detectors. Herein, visible-blind NIR NPDs were constructed by integrating solution-processable films of perovskite, CuSCN, and organic semiconductors. The NIR response was provided by the organic bulk heterojunction (OBHJ) film with a narrow band gap. A thick perovskite layer was applied to screen the incident visible light and suppress the leakage current in the dark state. CuSCN with a high LUMO level blocked the extraction of the visible-light-induced free electrons. The width of the response window was restricted by adjusting the band gap of the perovskite and the donor/acceptor ratio of the OBHJ film. The optimized NIR NPD exhibits a comprehensive performance including visible-blind response, a tunable response spectrum, a high responsivity/detectivity, and a short response time. In practical photoplethysmography measurements, the detector can record the human heart rate in real time through a noninvasive technique and precisely monitor the whole cardiac cycle, which provides an effective method for early detection of cardiovascular symptoms for timely diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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10
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Samaki S, Tchangnwa Nya F, Dzifack Kenfack GM, Laref A. Materials and interfaces properties optimization for high-efficient and more stable RbGeI 3 perovskite solar cells: optoelectrical modelling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15517. [PMID: 37726326 PMCID: PMC10509240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research work, we investigated the effects of a broad set of materials properties and external operating parameters on the opto-electrical output of a hybrid RbGeI3-based perovskite solar cell (PSC) as a means of enhancing its performance. We first performed a judicious numerical modelling of the reference cell with the following structure FTO/TiO2/RbGeI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, with data retrieved from the experiment. SCAPS program enables to model the device, considering charge carriers transport governing equations. Investigations are directed on addressing the current challenges that include thinner, less environmentally harmful, cost-effectiveness, and more stable solar devices over time. Analysis of the effects of different hole transport material (HTM) on current-voltage (J-V) and external quantum efficiency (QE) characteristics, helps to identify CuI as an ideal HTM. Optimal cell output were achieved by investigating the effects of metal contact work function, defect states, RbGeI3 thickness, light transmission/reflection at the front/back contact, as well as operating temperature. As a result, efficiency increased significantly from 10.11 to 18.10%, and fill factor that represents a stability indicator, increased from 63.68 to 76.95%. Moreover, an optimum open-circuit voltage Voc = 0.70 V and a high short-circuit current density of Jsc = 33.51 mA/cm2 were recorded. An additional study on the capture cross-section of charge carriers ([Formula: see text]) on PV characteristics, enabled to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 29.71% and FF of 88% at a value of [Formula: see text] selected to be 10-22 cm2. This contribution aims at designing and producing thinner, more efficient, more stable and more environmentally clean and economically viable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulye Samaki
- Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Fridolin Tchangnwa Nya
- Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Guy Maurel Dzifack Kenfack
- Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Amel Laref
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Design of a CH 3NH 3PbI 3/CsPbI 3-based bilayer solar cell using device simulation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09941. [PMID: 35874084 PMCID: PMC9304742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With lead-based light harvesters, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have an efficiency of approximately 25.5%, making them a viable photovoltaic technology. The selection of the absorber materials for PSC in this work are (i) Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) with a 1.73eV bandgap as the first absorber layer, this halide imparts higher stability to perovskite solar cells (ii) CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) with a bandgap of 1.55eV is selected as the second absorber layer as this material provides better efficiency to the perovskite solar cells. SCAPS-1D simulation software is used to perform an efficiency analysis of perovskite-perovskite CsPbI3/MAPbI3 bilayer solar cell. For efficiency optimization of the perovskite-perovskite bilayer solar cell, we have tried to calibrate seven parameters of the cell. These parameters are (i & ii) selection of the electron and hole transport material (iii, iv & v) variation in the: defect density of bulk material, doping concentration and the thickness of absorber layers, (vi) variation in work function of front electrode (vii) varying interface defect density. After optimization, the efficiency (η) of bilayer PSC is estimated to be 33.54%. The other PV parameters observed in optimal efficiency condition are open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 1.34V, short-circuit current density (JSC) = 27.45 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) = 90.49%. The CsPbI3/MAPbI3 bilayer perovskite solar cell efficiency is roughly double the efficiency of single junction CsPbI3 or MAPbI3 PSC. Our analysis observed that the variation in the doping and defect density of narrow bandgap material profoundly impacts the efficiency of perovskite-perovskite bilayer solar cells compared to the wide bandgap material.
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Design and Modelling of Eco-Friendly CH3NH3SnI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Suitable Transport Layers. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14217200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An ideal n-i-p perovskite solar cell employing a Pb free CH3NH3SnI3 absorber layer was suggested and modelled. A comparative study for different electron transport materials has been performed for three devices keeping CuO hole transport material (HTL) constant. SCAPS-1D numerical simulator is used to quantify the effects of amphoteric defect based on CH3NH3SnI3 absorber layer and the interface characteristics of both the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL). The study demonstrates that amphoteric defects in the absorber layer impact device performance significantly more than interface defects (IDL). The cell performed best at room temperature. Due to a reduction in Voc, PCE decreases with temperature. Defect tolerance limit for IL1 is 1013 cm−3, 1016 cm−3 and 1012 cm−3 for structures 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The defect tolerance limit for IL2 is 1014 cm−3. With the proposed device structure FTO/PCBM/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO shows the maximum efficiency of 25.45% (Voc = 0.97 V, Jsc = 35.19 mA/cm2, FF = 74.38%), for the structure FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO the best PCE is obtained 26.92% (Voc = 0.99 V, Jsc = 36.81 mA/cm2, FF = 73.80%) and device structure of FTO/WO3/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO gives the maximum efficiency 24.57% (Voc = 0.90 V, Jsc = 36.73 mA/cm2, FF = 74.93%) under optimum conditions. Compared to others, the FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO system provides better performance and better defect tolerance capacity.
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Patel PK. Device simulation of highly efficient eco-friendly CH 3NH 3SnI 3 perovskite solar cell. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3082. [PMID: 33542464 PMCID: PMC7862250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoexcited lead-free perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 based solar cell device was simulated using a solar cell capacitance simulator. It was modeled to investigate its output characteristics under AM 1.5G illumination. Simulation efforts are focused on the thickness, acceptor concentration and defect density of absorber layer on photovoltaic properties of solar cell device. In addition, the impact of various metal contact work function was also investigated. The simulation results indicate that an absorber thickness of 500 nm is appropriate for a good photovoltaic cell. Oxidation of Sn2+ into Sn4+ was considered and it is found that the reduction of acceptor concentration of absorber layer significantly improves the device performance. Further, optimizing the defect density (1014 cm-3) of the perovskite absorber layer, encouraging results of the Jsc of 40.14 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.93 V, FF of 75.78% and PCE of 28.39% were achieved. Finally, an anode material with a high work function is necessary to get the device's better performance. The high-power conversion efficiency opens a new avenue for attaining clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush K Patel
- Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, M. P., India.
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Asgharizadeh S, Khorram S, Lazemi M, Hosseinzadeh A, Malfois M. Size-dependent interaction of plasma with anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17365-17374. [PMID: 32705095 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the particle size distribution and phase changes of the anatase TiO2 nanopowder samples when they are subject to the plasma treatments of three different kinds of gases as nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), and argon (Ar). The plasma gas pressures vary as 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 Torr. We demonstrate that the plasma treatments have an effect neither on the phase structure nor on the mean nanocrystalline size. The phase and size invariances of the samples are attributed to their nanoscale thermodynamic aspects. We find out that elevating the gas pressure in some cases creates fine-size amorphous nanoparticles with a narrow distribution. Our findings authenticate that plasma treatment affects the amorphous phase with etching particles down to a mean value of ∼3 nm. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique was utilized to obtain the size distribution of the nanoparticles, and the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) technique was used to probe the phase and size changes of the crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirous Khorram
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666 16471, Iran.
| | - Masoud Lazemi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666 16471, Iran.
| | | | - Marc Malfois
- NCD - BL11, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
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Mohsen AA, Zahran M, Habib SED, Allam NK. Refractory plasmonics enabling 20% efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6732. [PMID: 32317720 PMCID: PMC7174308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Core-shell refractory plasmonic nanoparticles are used as excellent nanoantennas to improve the efficiency of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SiO2 is used as the shell coating due to its high refractive index and low extinction coefficient, enabling the control over the sunlight directivity. An optoelectronic model is developed using 3D finite element method (FEM) as implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to calculate the optical and electrical parameters of plain and ZrN/SiO2-modified PSCs. For a fair comparison, ZrN-decorated PSCs are also simulated. While the decoration with ZrN nanoparticles boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC from 12.9% to 17%, the use of ZrN/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles shows an unprecedented enhancement in the PCE to reach 20%. The enhancement in the PCE is discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohsen
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Electronics Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zahran
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Electronics Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S E D Habib
- Electronics and Communications, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nageh K Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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