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Batuecas M, Goméz-España A, Fernández-Álvarez FJ. Recent Advances on the Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Monoanionic Bidentate Silyl Ligands. Chempluschem 2024:e202400162. [PMID: 38781084 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemistry of transition-metal (TM) complexes with monoanionic bidentate (κ2-L,Si) silyl ligands has considerably grown in recent years. This work summarizes the advances in the chemistry of TM-(κ2-L,Si) complexes (L=N-heterocycle, phosphine, N-heterocyclic carbene, thioether, ester, silylether or tetrylene). The most common synthetic method has been the oxidative addition of the Si-H bond to the metal center assisted by the coordination of L. The metal silicon bond distances in TM-(κ2-L,Si) complexes are in the range of metal-silyl bond distances. TM-(κ2-L,Si) complexes have proven to be effective catalysts for hydrosilylation and/or hydrogenation of unsaturated molecules among other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Batuecas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza -CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza de San Francisco, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandra Goméz-España
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza -CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza de San Francisco, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Educativas (CIIE), Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán-UPNFM, Tegucigalpa, 11101, Honduras
| | - Francisco J Fernández-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza -CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza de San Francisco, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Gomez-España A, Lopez-Morales JL, Español-Sanchez B, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Iglesias M, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Iridium-(κ 2-NSi) catalyzed dehydrogenation of formic acid: effect of auxiliary ligands on the catalytic performance. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6722-6729. [PMID: 37129044 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00744h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The iridium(III) complexes [Ir(H)(Cl)(κ2-NSitBu2)(κ2-bipyMe2)] (2) and [Ir(H)(OTf)(κ2-NSitBu2)(κ2-bipyMe2)] (3) (NSitBu2 = {4-methylpyridine-2-yloxy}ditertbutylsilyl) have been synthesized and characterized including X-ray studies of 3. A comparative study of the catalytic activity of complexes 2, 3, [Ir(H)(OTf)(κ2-NSitBu2)(coe)] (4), and [Ir(H)(OTf)(κ2-NSitBu2)(PCy3)] (5) (0.1 mol%) as catalysts precursors for the solventless formic acid dehydrogenation (FADH) in the presence of Et3N (40 mol%) at 353 K has been performed. The highest activity (TOF5 min ≈ 3260 h-1) has been obtained with 3 at 373 K. However, at that temperature the FTIR spectra show traces of CO together with the desired products (H2 and CO2). Thus, the best performance was achieved at 353 K (TOF5 min ≈ 1210 h-1 and no observable CO). Kinetic studies at variable temperature show that the activation energy of the 3-catalyzed FADH process is 16.76 kcal mol-1. Kinetic isotopic effect (5 min) values of 1.6, 4.5, and 4.2 were obtained for the 3-catalyzed dehydrogenation of HCOOD, DCOOH, and DCOOD, respectively, at 353 K. The strong KIE found for DCOOH and DCOOD evidenced that the hydride transfer from the C-H bond of formic acid to the metal is the rate-determining step of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gomez-España
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán-UPNFM, 11101, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Jorge L Lopez-Morales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Belinda Español-Sanchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Manuel Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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3
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Guzmán J, Urriolabeitia A, Padilla M, García-Orduña P, Polo V, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Mechanism Insights into the Iridium(III)- and B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Reduction of CO 2 to the Formaldehyde Level with Tertiary Silanes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20216-20221. [PMID: 36472385 PMCID: PMC10468102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic system [Ir(CF3CO2)(κ2-NSiMe)2] [1; NSiMe = (4-methylpyridin-2-yloxy)dimethylsilyl]/B(C6F5)3 promotes the selective reduction of CO2 with tertiary silanes to the corresponding bis(silyl)acetal. Stoichiometric and catalytic studies evidenced that species [Ir(CF3COO-B(C6F5)3)(κ2-NSiMe)2] (3), [Ir(κ2-NSiMe)2][HB(C6F5)3] (4), and [Ir(HCOO-B(C6F5)3)(κ2-NSiMe)2] (5) are intermediates of the catalytic process. The structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Theoretical calculations show that the rate-limiting step for the 1/B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrosilylation of CO2 to bis(silyl)acetal is a boron-promoted Si-H bond cleavage via an iridium silylacetal borane adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Guzmán
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Asier Urriolabeitia
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Marina Padilla
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Víctor Polo
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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4
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Gómez-España A, García-Orduña P, Guzmán J, Fernández I, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Ir-(κ 2-NSi) Species Active toward the Solventless Hydrolysis of HSiMe(OSiMe 3) 2. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16282-16294. [PMID: 36194856 PMCID: PMC10468103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [IrH(Cl)(κ2-NSitBu2)(coe)] (1) with 1 equiv of PCy3 (or PHtBu2) gives the species [IrH(Cl)(κ2-NSitBu2)(L)] (L = PCy3, 2a; PHtBu2, 2b), which reacts with 1 equiv of AgOTf to afford [IrH(OTf)(κ2-NSitBu2)(L)] (L = PCy3, 3a and PHtBu2, 3b). Complexes 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b have been characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy and HR-MS. The solid-state structures of complexes 2a, 2b, and 3a have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The reversible coordination of water to 3a, 3b, and 4 to afford the corresponding adduct [IrH(OTf)(κ2-NSitBu2)(L)(H2O)] (L = PCy3, 3a-H2O; PHtBu2, 3b-H2O; coe, 4-H2O) has been demonstrated spectroscopically by NMR studies. The structure of complexes 3b-H2O and 4-H2O have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Computational analyses of the interaction between neutral [NSitBu2]• and [Ir(H)L(X)]• fragments in Ir-NSitBu2 species confirm the electron-sharing nature of the Ir-Si bond and the significant role of electrostatics in the interaction between the transition metal fragment and the κ2-NSitBu2 ligand. The activity of Ir-(κ2-NSitBu2) species as catalysts for the hydrolysis of HSiMe(OSiMe3)2 depends on the nature of the ancillary ligands. Thus, while the triflate derivatives are active, the related chloride species show no activity. The best catalytic performance has been obtained when using complexes 3a, with triflate and PCy3 ligands, as a catalyst precursor, which allows the selective obtention of the corresponding silanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gómez-España
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
- Universidad
Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán-UPNFM, Tegucigalpa11101, Honduras
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
| | - Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
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5
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Guzman J, Urriolabeitia A, Polo V, Fernández Buenestado M, Iglesias M, Fernandez-Alvarez FJ. Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid Using Iridium-NSi Species as Catalyst Precursors. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4386-4393. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04335h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a low loading of the iridium(III) complexes [Ir(CF3SO3)(κ2-NSiiPr)2] (1) (NSiiPr = (4-methylpyridin-2-iloxy)diisopropylsilyl and [{Ir(κ2-NSiMe)2}2(µ-CF3SO3)2] (2) (NSiMe = (4-methylpyridin-2-iloxy)dimethylsilyl) in presence of Et3N, it has been possible to achieve the...
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Cramer H, Ye S, Neese F, Werlé C, Leitner W. Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide to the Formic Acid, Formaldehyde, and Methanol Level-How to Control the Catalytic Network? JACS AU 2021; 1:2058-2069. [PMID: 34849511 PMCID: PMC8620560 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The selective hydrosilylation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to either the formic acid, formaldehyde, or methanol level using a molecular cobalt(II) triazine complex can be controlled based on reaction parameters such as temperature, CO2 pressure, and concentration. Here, we rationalize the catalytic mechanism that enables the selective arrival at each product platform. Key reactive intermediates were prepared and spectroscopically characterized, while the catalytic mechanism and the energy profile were analyzed with density functional theory (DFT) methods and microkinetic modeling. It transpired that the stepwise reduction of CO2 involves three consecutive catalytic cycles, including the same cobalt(I) triazine hydride complex as the active species. The increasing kinetic barriers associated with each reduction step and the competing hydride transfer steps in the three cycles corroborate the strong influence of the catalyst environment on the product selectivity. The fundamental mechanistic insights provide a consistent description of the catalytic system and rationalize, in particular, the experimentally verified opportunity to steer the reaction toward the formaldehyde product as the chemically most challenging reduction level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna
H. Cramer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr
University Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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García-Orduña P, Fernández I, Oro LA, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Origin of the Ir-Si bond shortening in Ir-NSiN complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5951-5959. [PMID: 33949537 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Ir-Si bond distances reported for Ir-(fac-κ3-NSiNOPy) and Ir-(fac-κ3-NSiN4MeOPy) species (NSiNOPy = bis(pyridine-2-yloxy)methylsilyl and NSiN4MeOPy = bis(4-methyl-pyridine-2-yloxy)methylsily) are in the range of 2.220-2.235 Å. These values are in the lowest limit of the Ir-Si bond distances found in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). To understand the origin of such remarkable shortening, a computational study of the bonding situation of representative examples of Ir-(fac-κ3-NSiN) species has been carried out. It is found that the Ir-Si bond can be described as an electron-sharing (i.e. covalent) bond. Despite that, this bond is highly polarized and as a result, the contribution of the electrostatic attractions to the bonding is rather significant. Indeed, there exists a linear relationship (R2 = 0.97) between the Ir-Si bond distance and the extent of the computed electrostatic interactions, which indicates that the ionic contribution to the bonding is mainly responsible for the observed Ir-Si bond shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis A Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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8
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Ghosh D, Kumar GR, Subramanian S, Tanaka K. More Than Just a Reagent: The Rise of Renewable Organohydrides for Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:824-841. [PMID: 33369102 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric carbon dioxide reduction to highly reduced C1 molecules, such as formic acid (2e- ), formaldehyde (4e- ), methanol (6e- ) or even most-reduced methane (8e- ), has been successfully achieved by using organosilanes, organoboranes, and frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) in the presence of suitable catalyst. The development of renewable organohydride compounds could be the best alternative in this regard as they have shown promise for the transfer of hydride directly to CO2 . Reduction of CO2 by two electrons and two protons to afford formic acid by using renewable organohydride molecules has recently been investigated by various groups. However, catalytic CO2 reduction to ≥2e- -reduced products by using renewable organohydride-based molecules has rarely been explored. This Minireview summarizes important findings in this regard, encompassing both stoichiometric and catalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - George Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University, 525-8577 Noji-higashi, 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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9
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Guzmán J, Bernal AM, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Polo V, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. 2-Pyridone-stabilized iridium silylene/silyl complexes: structure and QTAIM analysis. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17665-17673. [PMID: 33232415 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iridium(iii) complexes of the general formula [Ir(X)(κ2-NSiiPr2)2] (NSiiPr2 = (4-methyl-pyridine-2-yloxy)diisopropylsilyl; X = Cl, 3; CF3SO3, 5; CF3CO2, 6) have been prepared and fully characterized, including X-ray diffraction studies and theoretical calculations. The presence of isopropyl substituents at the silicon atom favours the monomeric structure found in complexes 3 and 5. The short Ir-Si bond distances (2.25-2.28 Å) indicate some degree of base-stabilized silylene character of the Ir-Si bond in 3, 5 and 6 assisted by the 2-pyridone moiety. However, the shortening of these Ir-Si bonds might be a consequence of the constrained 2-pyridone geometry, and consequently the silyl character of these bonds can not be excluded. A DFT theoretical study on the nature of the Ir-Si bonds has been performed for complex 3 as well as for four other iridium complexes finding representative examples of different bonding situations between Ir and Si atoms: silylene, base-assisted silylene (both with an anionic base and with a neutral base), and silyl bonds, using the topological properties of the electron charge density. The results of these studies show that the Ir-Si bonds in Ir-NSiiPr2 complexes can be considered as an intermediate between the base-stabilized silylene and silyl cases, and therefore they have been proposed as 2-pyridone-stabilized iridium silylene/silyl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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10
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Cramer HH, Chatterjee B, Weyhermüller T, Werlé C, Leitner W. Controlling the Product Platform of Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Adaptive Catalytic Hydrosilylation of CO 2 Using a Molecular Cobalt(II) Triazine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15674-15681. [PMID: 32343876 PMCID: PMC7496264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is considered a major pillar of future sustainable energy systems and chemical industries based on renewable energy and raw materials. Typically, catalysts and catalytic systems are transforming CO2 preferentially or even exclusively to one of the possible reduction levels and are then optimized for this specific product. Here, we report a cobalt-based catalytic system that enables the adaptive and highly selective transformation of carbon dioxide individually to either the formic acid, the formaldehyde, or the methanol level, demonstrating the possibility of molecular control over the desired product platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna H. Cramer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Basujit Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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11
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Pramudita RA, Manaka Y, Motokura K. A Resin-Supported Formate Catalyst for the Transformative Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrosilanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7937-7945. [PMID: 32315104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous formate anion catalyst for the transformative reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) based on a polystyrene and divinylbenzene copolymer modified with alkylammonium formate was prepared from a widely available anion exchange resin. The catalyst preparation was easy and the characterization was carried out by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and solid-state 13 C cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C CP/MAS NMR) spectroscopy. The catalyst displayed good catalytic activity for the direct reduction of CO2 with hydrosilanes, tunably yielding silylformate or methoxysilane products depending on the hydrosilanes used. The catalyst was also active for the reductive insertion of CO2 into both primary and secondary amines. The catalytic activity of the resin-supported formate can be predicted from the FTIR spectra of the catalyst, probably because of the difference in the ionic interaction strength between the supported alkylammonium cations and formate anions. The ion pair density is thought to influence the catalytic activity, as shown by the elemental and solid-state 13 C NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Ayu Pramudita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Manaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.,Renewable Energy Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0298, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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12
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Cramer HH, Chatterjee B, Weyhermüller T, Werlé C, Leitner W. Controlling the Product Platform of Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Adaptive Catalytic Hydrosilylation of CO
2
Using a Molecular Cobalt(II) Triazine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna H. Cramer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Basujit Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
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13
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Huang W, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Orione C, Kirillov E. Reduction of CO2 by Hydrosilanes in the Presence of Formamidinates of Group 13 and 12 Elements. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Huang
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis laboratories, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Centre de diffraction X, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Centre de diffraction X, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Clement Orione
- CRMPO, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis laboratories, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
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14
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Guzmán J, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Unprecedent formation of methylsilylcarbonates from iridium-catalyzed reduction of CO2 with hydrosilanes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9582-9586. [PMID: 35497254 PMCID: PMC9050147 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The iridium complex [Ir(μ-CF3SO3)(κ2-NSiMe2)2]2 (3) (NSiMe2 = {4-methylpyridine-2-yloxy}dimethylsilyl) has been prepared by reaction of [Ir(μ-Cl)(κ2-NSiMe2)2]2 (1) with two equivalents of AgCF3SO3. The solid structure of 3 evidenced its dinuclear nature, being a rare example of an iridium species with triflate groups acting as bridges. The 3-catalyzed reduction of CO2 with HSiMe(OSiMe3)2 affords a mixture of the corresponding silylformate and methoxysilane together with the silylcarbonate CH3OCO2SiMe(OSiMe3)2 (4a). This is the first time that the formation of silylcarbonates has been observed from the catalytic reduction of CO2 with silanes. Analogous behaviour has been observed when HSiMe2Ph and HSiMePh2 were used as reductants. The formation of methylsilylcarbonates from the iridium-catalyzed hydrosilylation of CO2 has been observed for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Zaragoza
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Zaragoza
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Zaragoza
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Zaragoza
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15
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Fernández-Alvarez FJ, Oro LA. Iridium-Catalyzed Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Chen J, McGraw M, Chen EYX. Diverse Catalytic Systems and Mechanistic Pathways for Hydrosilylative Reduction of CO 2. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4543-4569. [PMID: 31386795 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrosilylation of carbon dioxide has emerged as a promising approach for carbon dioxide utilization. It allows the reductive transformation of carbon dioxide into value-added products at the levels of formate, formaldehyde, methanol, and methane. Tremendous progress has been made in the area of carbon dioxide hydrosilylation since the first reports in 1981. This focus review describes recent advances in the design and catalytic performance of leading catalyst systems, including transition-metal, main-group, and transition-metal/main-group and main-group/main-group tandem catalysts. Emphasis is placed on discussions of key mechanistic features of these systems and efforts towards the development of more selective, efficient, and sustainable carbon dioxide hydrosilylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michael McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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17
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Ojeda‐Amador AI, Munarriz J, Alamán‐Valtierra P, Polo V, Puerta‐Oteo R, Jiménez MV, Fernández‐Alvarez FJ, Pérez‐Torrente JJ. Mechanistic Insights on the Functionalization of CO
2
with Amines and Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by a Zwitterionic Iridium Carboxylate‐Functionalized Bis‐NHC Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Ojeda‐Amador
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Julen Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas complejos (BIFI) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Pablo Alamán‐Valtierra
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Víctor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas complejos (BIFI) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta‐Oteo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - M. Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández‐Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez‐Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
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18
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Rhodium-catalyzed formation of silylcarbamates from the reaction of secondary amines with CO2 and hydrosilanes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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