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Amoiridis A, Papanikolaou M, Vlasiou M, Bandeira NAG, Miras HN, Kabanos T, Keramidas A. Design and Modulation of Selectivity toward Vanadium(V) and Uranium(VI) Ions: Coordination Properties and Affinity of Hydroxylamino-Triazine Siderophores. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 38018803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Based on the strong binding and high selectivity properties of 2,6-bis[hydroxy(methyl)amino]-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine (H2bihyat) for [UVIO2]2+, novel binucleating ligands (BLs) N,N',N″,N‴-((1,4-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(1,3,5-triazine-6,2,4-triyl))tetrakis(N-methylhydroxylamine) (H4qtn), N1,N4-bis(4,6-bis(hydroxy(methyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine (H4pdl), and N1,N2-bis(4,6-bis(hydroxy(methyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine (H4enl) were synthesized. Binuclear complexes formed by coordination of hard metal ions with H4qtn are thermodynamically more stable than their mononuclear analogues with H2bihyat due to the increase in entropy accompanying the formation of more chelate rings. Reaction of either H4qtn or H4pdl or H4enl with [UVIO2]2+ and [VVO2]+ resulted in the isolation of the binuclear complexes [(UVIO2)2(μ-qtn)(H2O)4] (1), [(VVO2)2(μ-qtn)][PPh4]2[PPh4] (2), [(UVIO2)2(μ-pdl)(H2O)2(MeOH)2] (3), [(VVO2)2(μ-pdl)][PPh4]2 (4), [(UVIO2)2(μ-enl)(H2O)4] (5), and [(VVO2)2(μ-enl)][PPh4]2 (6). The binuclear complexes 1-6 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis in solid state and by NMR and ESI-MS in solution. The comparison of the coordination ability of the BLs with either pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2dipic) or H2bihyat or CO32- toward [UVIO2]2+ and [VVO2]+ was investigated by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies and DFT theoretical calculations, revealing a superior performance of BLs. The selectivity of the BLs for [UVIO2]2+ over [VVO2]+ is decreased compared to that of H2bihyat but increases considerably at pH > 9 values. Formation of the mixed-metal binuclear species [UVIO2(μ-O)VVO2] influences the selectivity and dynamics of the reaction of H4qtn for [UVIO2]2+ and [VVO2]+ in aqueous solution. The results of this study provide crucial information for the ligand design and the development of stronger and more selective systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manolis Vlasiou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2414, Cyprus
| | - Nuno A G Bandeira
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa, 8.5.53 - C8 Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | | | - Themistoklis Kabanos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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Knežević L, Zanda E, Bura-Nakić E, Filella M, Sladkov V. Vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) complexation by succinic acid studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Simultaneous injection of two analytes in equilibrium studies. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463941. [PMID: 37019062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of V(IV) and V(V) with succinic acid was investigated by affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) in aqueous acid solutions at pH values 1.5, 2.0 and 2.4, and different ligand concentrations. V(IV) and V(V) form protonated complexes with succinic acid ligand at this pH range. The logarithms of the stability constants, measured at 0.1 mol L-1 (NaClO4/HClO4) ionic strength and 25 °C, are logβ111=7.4 ± 0.2 and logβ122=14.1 ± 0.5 for V(IV), and logβ111=7.3 ± 0.1 for V(V), respectively. The stability constant values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength with the Davies equation, are logβ°111=8.3 ± 0.2 and logβ°122=15.6 ± 0.5 for V(IV) and logβ°111=7.9 ± 0.1 for V(V). The application of ACE to the simultaneous equilibria of V(IV) and V(V) (injection of two analytes) was also attempted. When the results were compared with those obtained when introducing only one analyte in the capillary, using the traditional version of the method, similar stability constants and precision are obtained. The possibility of studying two analytes simultaneously decreases the time needed for the determination of the constants; this feature is especially valuable when working with hazardous materials or when only small quantities of ligand are available.
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Jewula P, Grandmougin M, Choppin M, Tivelli AMC, Amati A, Rousselin Y, Karmazin L, Chambron J, Meyer M. Complexes of Fe(III) and Ga(III) Derived from the Cyclic 6‐ and 7‐Membered Hydroxamic Acids Found in Mixed Siderophores. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Jewula
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Mickaël Grandmougin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Mélanie Choppin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Anna Maria Chiara Tivelli
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Agnese Amati
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS Université de Strasbourg 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R 8 67008 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS Université de Strasbourg 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R 8 67008 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Jean‐Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS Université de Strasbourg 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R 8 67008 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
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Février L, Coppin F, Pierrisnard S, Bourdillon M, Nguyen LV, Zaiter N, Brandès S, Sladkov V, Chambron JC, Meyer M. Efficiency of dihydroxamic and trihydroxamic siderochelates to extract uranium and plutonium from contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 235-236:106645. [PMID: 34020181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Actinide-based mineral phases occurring in contaminated soils can be solubilized by organic chelators excreted by plants, such as citrate. Herein, the efficiency of citrate towards U and Pu extraction is compared to that of siderophores, whose primary function is the acquisition of iron(III) as an essential nutrient and growth factor for many soil microorganisms. To that end, we selected desferrioxamine B (DFB) as an emblematic bacterial trishydroxamic siderophore and a synthetic analog, abbreviated (LCy,Pr)H2, of the tetradentate rhodotorulic acid (RA) produced by yeasts. Firstly, the uranyl speciation with both ligands was assessed in the pH range 2-11 by potentiometry and visible absorption spectrophotometry. Equilibrium constants and absorption spectra for three [UO2(DFB)Hh](h-1)+ (h = 1-3) and five [UO2(LCy,Pr)lHh](2+h-2l)+ (-1 ≤ h ≤ 1 for l = 1 and h = 0-1 for l = 2) solution complexes were determined at 25.0 °C and I = 0.1 M KNO3. Similar studies for the Fe3+/(LCy,Pr)2- system revealed the formation of five species having [Fe(LCy,Pr)]+, [Fe(LCy,Pr)OH], [Fe(LCy,Pr)(OH)2]-, [Fe(LCy,Pr)2H], and [Fe2(LCy,Pr)3] compositions. Then, the ability of DFB, (LCy,Pr)H2, and citrate to solubilize either U or Pu from pitchblende-rich soils (soils 1 and 2) or freshly plutonium-contaminated soils (LBS and PG) was evaluated by performing batch extraction tests. U was extracted significantly only by citrate after a day. After one week, the amount of U complexed by citrate only slightly exceeded that measured for the siderochelates, following the order citrate > (LCy,Pr)H2 ≥ DFB ≈ H2O, and were comparatively very low. Pu was also more efficiently extracted by citrate than by DFB after a day, but only by a factor of ~2-3 for the PG soil, while the Pu concentration in the supernatant after one week was approximately the same for both natural chelators. It remained nearly constant for DFB between the 1st and 7th day, but drastically decreased in the case of citrate, suggesting chemical decomposition in the latter case. For the Fe-rich soils 1 and 2, the efficiencies of the three chelators to solubilize Fe after a day were of the same order of magnitude, decreasing in the order DFB > citrate > (LCy,Pr)H2. However, after a week DFB had extracted ~1.5 times more Fe, whereas the amount extracted by the other chelators stayed constant. For the less Fe-rich LBS and PG soils contaminated by Pu, the amounts of extracted Fe were higher, especially after 7 days, and the DFB outperformed citrate by a factor of nearly 3. The higher capacity of the hexadentate DFB to extract Pu in the presence of Fe and its lower ability to mobilize U qualitatively agree with the respective complexation constant ratios, keeping in mind that both Pu-containing soils had a lower iron loading. Noticeably, (LCy,Pr)H2 has roughly the same capacity as DFB to solubilize U, but it mobilizes less Fe than the hexadentate siderophore. Similarly, citrate has the highest capacity to extract Pu, but the lowest to extract Fe. Therefore, compared to DFB, (LCy,Pr)H2 shows a better U/Fe extraction selectivity and citrate shows a better Pu/Fe selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureline Février
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Pierrisnard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Bourdillon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Lé Vi Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nissrine Zaiter
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Vladimir Sladkov
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot Curie (IJCLab), UMR 9012, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R 8, 67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France.
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Sladkov V, Roques J, Meyer M. Assignment of complex species by affinity capillary electrophoresis: The case of Th(IV)-desferrioxamine B. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1870-1877. [PMID: 32543780 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The electrophoretic mobility change of desferrioxamine B (DFO) was monitored by UV absorption spectrophotometry upon increasing the thorium(IV) concentration in the background electrolyte at two acidities ([HClO4 ]Tot = 0.0316 and 0.0100 M). These data enabled to assess the speciation model and to determine the equilibrium constant of [Th(DFO)H2 ]3+ at fixed ionic strength (I = 0.1 M (H,Na)ClO4 ). Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) turned out to be most helpful in identifying the complexed species by ascertaining its charge and protonation state. The assignment of the correct stoichiometry relied on the reliable estimation of the electrophoretic mobility by assuming similar hydrodynamic radii for (DFO)H4 + and the chelate. The value of the apparent equilibrium constant (log β112 = 38.7 ± 0.4) obtained by ACE compares favorably well with those reported in the literature for thorium and a range of other metal ions, according to a linear free-energy relationship. This method is useful for studying metal-ligand binding equilibria and provides valuable information for further modelling the behavior of tetravalent actinides under environmental conditions. Structural information about the prevalent solution species in acidic conditions was gained by DFT calculations, confirming the bishydroxamato coordination mode of Th4+ by the diprotonated ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sladkov
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Roques
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon, Cedex, France
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Kirby ME, Sonnenberg JL, Simperler A, Weiss DJ. Stability Series for the Complexation of Six Key Siderophore Functional Groups with Uranyl Using Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2460-2472. [PMID: 32092265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Determining stability constants of uranyl complexes with the principal functional groups in siderophores and identifying stability series is of great importance to predict which siderophore classes preferentially bind to UVI and, hence, impact uranium speciation in the environment. It also helps to develop resins for scavenging UVI from aqueous solutions. Here, we apply a recently developed computational approach to calculate log β values for a set of geochemically relevant uranium organometallic complexes using Density Functional Theory (DFT). We determined the stability series for catecholate, hydroxamate, α-hydroxycarboxylate, α-aminocarboxylate, hydroxy-phenyloxazolonate, and α-hydroxyimidazole with the uranyl cation. In this work, the stability constants (log β110) of α-hydroxyimidazolate and hydroxy-phenyloxazolonate are calculated for the first time. Our approach employed the B3LYP density functional approximation, aug-cc-pVDZ basis set for ligand atoms, MDF60 ECP for UVI, and the IEFPCM solvation model. DFT calculated log β110 were corrected using a previously established fitting equation. We find that the siderophore functional groups stability decreases in the order: α-hydroxycarboxylate bound via the α-hydroxy and carboxylate groups (log β110 = 17.08), α-hydroxyimidazolate (log β110 = 16.55), catecholate (log β110 = 16.43), hydroxamate (log β110 = 9.00), hydroxy-phenyloxazolonate (log β110 = 8.43), α-hydroxycarboxylate bound via the carboxylate group (log β110 = 7.51) and α-aminocarboxylate (log β110 = 4.73). We confirm that the stability for the binding mode of the functional groups decrease in the order: bidentate, monodentate via ligand O atoms, and monodentate via ligand N atoms. The stability series strongly suggests that α-hydroxyimidazolate is an important functional group that needs to be included when assessing uranyl mobility and removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Edward Kirby
- Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandra Simperler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Jakob Weiss
- Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom.,School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States of America
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Raavé R, Sandker G, Adumeau P, Jacobsen CB, Mangin F, Meyer M, Moreau M, Bernhard C, Da Costa L, Dubois A, Goncalves V, Gustafsson M, Rijpkema M, Boerman O, Chambron JC, Heskamp S, Denat F. Direct comparison of the in vitro and in vivo stability of DFO, DFO* and DFOcyclo* for 89Zr-immunoPET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1966-1977. [PMID: 31161258 PMCID: PMC6647232 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, the most commonly used chelator for labelling antibodies with 89Zr for immunoPET is desferrioxamine B (DFO). However, preclinical studies have shown that the limited in vivo stability of the 89Zr-DFO complex results in release of 89Zr, which accumulates in mineral bone. Here we report a novel chelator DFOcyclo*, a preorganized extended DFO derivative that enables octacoordination of the 89Zr radiometal. The aim was to compare the in vitro and in vivo stability of [89Zr]Zr-DFOcyclo*, [89Zr]Zr-DFO* and [89Zr]Zr-DFO. METHODS The stability of 89Zr-labelled chelators alone and after conjugation to trastuzumab was evaluated in human plasma and PBS, and in the presence of excess EDTA or DFO. The immunoreactive fraction, IC50, and internalization rate of the conjugates were evaluated using HER2-expressing SKOV-3 cells. The in vivo distribution was investigated in mice with subcutaneous HER2+ SKOV-3 or HER2- MDA-MB-231 xenografts by PET/CT imaging and quantitative ex vivo tissue analyses 7 days after injection. RESULTS 89Zr-labelled DFO, DFO* and DFOcyclo* were stable in human plasma for up to 7 days. In competition with EDTA, DFO* and DFOcyclo* showed higher stability than DFO. In competition with excess DFO, DFOcyclo*-trastuzumab was significantly more stable than the corresponding DFO and DFO* conjugates (p < 0.001). Cell binding and internalization were similar for the three conjugates. In in vivo studies, HER2+ SKOV-3 tumour-bearing mice showed significantly lower bone uptake (p < 0.001) 168 h after injection with [89Zr]Zr-DFOcyclo*-trastuzumab (femur 1.5 ± 0.3%ID/g, knee 2.1 ± 0.4%ID/g) or [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-trastuzumab (femur 2.0 ± 0.3%ID/g, knee 2.68 ± 0.4%ID/g) than after injection with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-trastuzumab (femur 4.5 ± 0.6%ID/g, knee 7.8 ± 0.6%ID/g). Blood levels, tumour uptake and uptake in other organs were not significantly different at 168 h after injection. HER2- MDA-MB-231 tumour-bearing mice showed significantly lower tumour uptake (p < 0.001) after injection with [89Zr]Zr-DFOcyclo*-trastuzumab (16.2 ± 10.1%ID/g) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-trastuzumab (19.6 ± 3.2%ID/g) than HER2+ SKOV-3 tumour-bearing mice (72.1 ± 14.6%ID/g and 93.1 ± 20.9%ID/g, respectively), while bone uptake was similar. CONCLUSION 89Zr-labelled DFOcyclo* and DFOcyclo*-trastuzumab showed higher in vitro and in vivo stability than the current commonly used 89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab. DFOcyclo* is a promising candidate to become the new clinically used standard chelator for 89Zr immunoPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Raavé
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Sandker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Adumeau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | - Floriane Mangin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Claire Bernhard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Laurène Da Costa
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Dubois
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Victor Goncalves
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Magnus Gustafsson
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France.
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France.
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