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Matsuura H, Okamura N, Nagaoka M, Suzuki N, Kodama S, Maeda T, Yagi S. Synthesis, Photoluminescence, and Electroluminescence of Phosphorescent Dipyrido[3,2- a;2'3'- c]phenazine-Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Hole-Transporting Acetylide Ligands. Molecules 2024; 29:3849. [PMID: 39202928 PMCID: PMC11356835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, novel phosphorescent dipyrido[3,2-a;2'3'-c]phenazine (dppz)-platinum(II)-phenylacetylide complexes were developed to fabricate non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) by solution-processing. To facilitate the charge carrier injection into the emitting layer (EML), 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole-functinalized phenylacetylides were employed. As for the dppz ligand, 9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl and 4-hexylthiophen-2-yl side-arms were introduced to the 2,7-positions, which led to reddish orange and red photoluminescence (PL), respectively, in solution and film states (PL wavelength: ca. 600 and ca. 625 nm, respectively). The carbazole-appended phenylacetylide ligands hardly affected the emission color, although unsubstituted phenylacetylides gave rise to aggregate- or excimer-based near-infrared PL with a low quantum yield. Two types of non-doped OLEDs were fabricated: single-layer and multilayer devices. In both devices, the organic layers were fabricated by spin-coating, and the EML consisted of a neat film of the corresponding platinum(II) complex. Therein, electroluminescence spectra corresponding to those of PL were observed. The single-layer devices exhibited low device efficiencies due to a deteriorated charge carrier balance. The multilayer devices possessed hole- and electron-transporting layers on the anode and cathode sides of the EML, respectively. Owing to an improved charge carrier balance, the multilayer devices exhibited higher device performance, affording considerably improved values of luminance and external quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsuura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (N.O.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Naoki Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (N.O.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Masaki Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Naoya Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (N.O.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Shintaro Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (N.O.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (N.O.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (N.O.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
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Park JY, Kwon NY, Koh CW, Park SH, Kang MJ, Kwak H, Park CY, Chae WS, Hong CS, Park S, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Precision-Engineered Medium-Sized Molecular Host and Emitter for Ensuring Consistent Performance in Solution-Processed Narrowband OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16553-16562. [PMID: 38570940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, two novel multiple resonance (MR) emitters, DtCzBN and Cy-DtCzBN, were designed based on the well-known BCzBN structure and synthesized for narrowband solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Cy-DtCzBN possesses a dimeric V-shaped structure formed by coupling two individual DtCzBN units via a nonconjugated cyclohexane linker. When compared with DtCzBN, Cy-DtCzBN, as a medium-sized molecule, was found to maintain the optical and photophysical properties of the corresponding monomeric unit, DtCzBN, but exhibits high thermal stability, excellent solubility, and good film-forming ability. Additionally, solution-processed OLEDs were fabricated by using two sets of molecules: one set of small molecular hosts and emitters (i.e., mCP and DtCzBN) and the other set of medium-sized molecular hosts and emitters (i.e., Cy-mCP and Cy-DtCzBN). Notably, devices using medium-sized molecular hosts and emitters exhibited similar optical and photophysical properties but showed significantly improved reproducibility and thermal stability compared with those based on small molecular hosts and emitters. Our current study provides some insights into molecular design strategies for thermally stable hosts and emitters, which are highly suitable for solution-processed OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Howell SA, Koodalingam M, Jang J, Ranasinghe CSK, Gao M, Chu R, Babazadeh M, Huang DM, Burn PL, Shaw PE, Puttock EV. Twisted Carbazole Dendrons for Solution-Processable Green Emissive Phosphorescent Dendrimers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13393-13404. [PMID: 36856260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A family of first-generation dendrimers containing 3,5-bis(carbazolyl)phenyl dendrons attached to a green emissive fac-tris(2-phenylpyridyl)iridium(III) core were prepared. The solubility of the dendrimers was imparted by the attachment of tert-butyl surface groups to the carbazole moieties. The dendrimers differed in the number of dendrons attached to each ligand (one or two dendrons) as well as the degree of rotational restriction within the dendrons. The densities of the films containing the doubly dendronized materials were higher than those of their mono-dendronized counterparts, with the dendrimer containing two rotationally constrained dendrons per ligand having the highest density at 1.12 ± 0.04 g cm-3. The dendrimers were found to have high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in solution of between 80 and 90%, with the doubly dendronized materials having the lower values and a red-shifted emission. The neat film PLQY values of the dendrimers were less than those measured in solution although the relative decrease was smaller for the doubly dendronized materials. The dendrimers were incorporated into solution-processed bilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) composed of neat or blend emissive layers and an electron transport layer. The best-performing devices had the dendrimers blended with a host material and external quantum efficiencies as high as 14.0%, which is higher than previously reported results for carbazole-incorporating emissive dendrimers. A feature of the devices containing blends of the doubly dendronized materials was that the maximum efficiency was relatively insensitive to the concentration in the host between 1 and 7 mol %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney A Howell
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Manikandan Koodalingam
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Junhyuk Jang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Chandana Sampath Kumara Ranasinghe
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Mile Gao
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronan Chu
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohammad Babazadeh
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma V Puttock
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
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Neutral Pt(II) complexes containing diazafluorene derivative ligands and their electroluminescent properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Haque A, El Moll H, Alenezi KM, Khan MS, Wong WY. Functional Materials Based on Cyclometalated Platinum(II) β-Diketonate Complexes: A Review of Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154236. [PMID: 34361430 PMCID: PMC8347388 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Square planar organoplatinum(II) complexes have garnered immense interest in the area of materials research. The combination of the Pt(II) fragment with mono-, bi- tri- and tetradentate organic ligands gives rise to a large variety of complexes with intriguing properties, especially cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes in which ligands are connected through covalent bonds demonstrate higher stability, excellent photoluminescence properties, and diverse applications. The properties and applications of the Pt(II)-based materials can be smartly fine-tuned via a judicious selection of the cyclometalating as well as ancillary ligands. In this review, attempts have been made to provide a brief review of the recent developments of neutral Pt(II) organometallic complexes bearing bidentate cyclometalating ligands and β-diketonate ancillary ligands, i.e., (C^N)Pt(O^O) and (C^C)Pt(O^O) derivatives. Both small (monomeric, dimeric) and large (polymeric) materials have been considered. We critically assessed the role of functionalities (ligands) on photophysical properties and their impact on applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Hani El Moll
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Khalaf M. Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
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Sicilia V, Arnal L, Chueca AJ, Fuertes S, Babaei A, Igual Muñoz AM, Sessolo M, Bolink HJ. Highly Photoluminescent Blue Ionic Platinum-Based Emitters. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1145-1152. [PMID: 31880921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New cycloplatinated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) compounds with chelate diphosphines (P^P) as ancillary ligands: [Pt(R-C^C*)(P^P)]PF6 (R = H, P^P = dppm (1A), dppe (2A), dppbz (3A); R = CN, P^P = dppm (1B), dppe (2B), dppbz (3B)) have been prepared from the corresponding starting material [{Pt(R-C^C*)(μ-Cl)}2] (R = H, A, R = CN, B) and fully characterized. The new compound A has been prepared by a stepwise protocol. The photophysical properties of 1A-3A and 1B-3B have been widely studied and supported by the time-dependent-density functional theory. These compounds show an efficient blue (dppe, dppbz) or cyan (dppm) emission in PMMA films (5 wt %), with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) ranging from 30% to 87% under an argon atmosphere. This emission has been assigned mainly to transitions from 3ILCT [π(NHC) → π*(NHC)] excited states with some 3LL'CT [π(NHC) → π*(P^P)] character. The electroluminescence of these materials in proof-of-concept solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes containing 3A and 3B as dopants was investigated. The CIE coordinates for devices based on 3A (0.22, 0.41) and 3B (0.24, 0.44) fit within the sky blue region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Sicilia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura de Zaragoza, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza , Campus Río Ebro, Edificio Torres Quevedo , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Lorenzo Arnal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Andrés J Chueca
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Sara Fuertes
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Azin Babaei
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltran 2 , 46980 , Paterna , Spain
| | - Ana María Igual Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltran 2 , 46980 , Paterna , Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltran 2 , 46980 , Paterna , Spain
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltran 2 , 46980 , Paterna , Spain
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Das S, Okamura N, Yagi S, Ajayaghosh A. Supramolecular Gel Phase Controlled [4 + 2] Diels–Alder Photocycloaddition for Electroplex Mediated White Electroluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5635-5639. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Das
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naoki Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5999-8531, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5999-8531, Japan
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Yagi S, Okamura N, Maeda T. Functionalization of Organometallic Complexes Aimed at Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diode: Strategic Molecular Designs of Phosphorescent Dendritic Emitters. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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Zhu N, Wang G, Lin S, Li ZF, Xin XL, Yang YP, Liu M, Jin QH. New discovery in crystallography: correlation of terahertz time-domain spectra with crystal structures and photoluminescence properties of mononuclear/binuclear diimine–Cu(i)-phosphine complexes. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A method was provided for qualitatively determining the photoluminescence quantum yield of diimine–Cu(i) complex by the waveform of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Zhong-Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xiu-Lan Xin
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- School of Science
- Minzu University of China
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Min Liu
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Univerity of Technology
- Beijing 100022
- China
| | - Qiong-Hua Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
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