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Liu Y, Su X, Liu H, Zhu G, Ge G, Wang Y, Zhou P, Zhou Q. Construction of eco-friendly dual carbon dots ratiometric fluorescence probe for highly selective and efficient sensing mercury ion. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:1-12. [PMID: 39095148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In present work, blue carbon dots (b-CDs) were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride, and red carbon dots (r-CDs) were stemmed from malonate, ethylenediamine and meso‑tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphin based on facile hydrothermal method. Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+ utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs. The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm. Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal, whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg2+ and r-CDs, serving as the reference signal in the sensing system. Under optimal circumstances, this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of ΔF450/F650 and Hg2+ concentrations over range of 0.01-10 µmol/L, and the limit of detection was down to 5.3 nmol/L. Furthermore, this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg2+ in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%. The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid, environmental-friendly, reliable, and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg2+ in environmental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Huanjia Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guifen Zhu
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guobei Ge
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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Ren J, Opoku H, Tang S, Edman L, Wang J. Carbon Dots: A Review with Focus on Sustainability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405472. [PMID: 39023174 PMCID: PMC11425242 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials with attractive optical properties, which promise to enable a variety of applications. An important and timely question is whether CDs can become a functional and sustainable alternative to incumbent optical nanomaterials, notably inorganic quantum dots. Herein, the current CD literature is comprehensively reviewed as regards to their synthesis and function, with a focus on sustainability aspects. The study quantifies why it is attractive that CDs can be synthesized with biomass as the sole starting material and be free from toxic and precious metals and critical raw materials. It further describes and analyzes employed pretreatment, chemical-conversion, purification, and processing procedures, and highlights current issues with the usage of solvents, the energy and material efficiency, and the safety and waste management. It is specially shown that many reported synthesis and processing methods are concerningly wasteful with the utilization of non-sustainable solvents and energy. It is finally recommended that future studies should explicitly consider and discuss the environmental influence of the selected starting material, solvents, and generated byproducts, and that quantitative information on the required amounts of solvents, consumables, and energy should be provided to enable an evaluation of the presented methods in an upscaled sustainability context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Ren
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Henry Opoku
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Shi Tang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- LunaLEC ABUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Ludvig Edman
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- LunaLEC ABUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Jia Wang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
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3
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Zhang H, Bai J, Chen X, Wang L, Peng W, Zhao Y, Weng J, Zhi W, Wang J. Surface State-Based panchromatic luminescent carbon dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:77-87. [PMID: 39180850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots have shown a broad application prospect in the fields of sensing and detection, biological imaging, and optoelectronic devices. However, it is still challenging to adopt a simple and green synthesis route and to develop new precursor systems to prepare full-color luminescent carbon dots. This study proposes a mechanism for fine regulation of carbon dot fluorescence spectra based on surface states of CN, COC, and OH, among which CN play a major role in long wavelength emission while COC and OH are responsible for the blue shift of emission wavelength. Using 4,4-bipyridine and p-phenylenediamine as precursors in safe and environmentally friendly glycol and water as solvents for the first time, the fine spectral carbon dots with full spectrum luminescence from purple (441 nm) to red (627 nm) were successfully synthesized by simply changing the composition of the reaction solvent and using a short reaction time. Compared with other reports on regulating polychromatic carbon dots, our method is more refined and has a wider distribution of luminescent colors. In addition, the obtained carbon dots based on such surface state luminescence mechanism have shown good application prospects in specific detection of Fe3+and cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiafan Bai
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xiangli Chen
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Linyu Wang
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Wenzhen Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yuancong Zhao
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jie Weng
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Wei Zhi
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Zhu H, Li J, Cheng JH. Designing cellulose nanofibrils/carbon dots intelligent label with colorimetric and fluorescent dual responsiveness for real-time monitoring of food freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132642. [PMID: 38821300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This study utilized 1,2,4-triaminobenzene dihydrochloride and NaOH as precursors to prepare the pH optical sensor based on carbon dots (CDs). By incorporating CDs into pineapple peel cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) matrix, an intelligent label (CNF/CDs label) with colorimetric and fluorescent dual responsiveness was created for real-time monitoring of food freshness. The CNF/CDs labels exhibited remarkable sensitivity and recognizability towards pH changes from 1 to 12. They also demonstrated excellent reversibility during acid-alkali cycling. Moreover, these labels exhibited exceptional responsiveness to the alkaline and acidic gas environments formed by ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid solutions, respectively. These responses were visually distinguishable through visible color changes and ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence alterations. Encouragingly, the developed labels were successfully applied to monitor the freshness of prawns and fruits, enabling timely assessment of food freshness levels. The dual-mode response of color and fluorescence provided double assurance for the accuracy of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang H, Sun H, Shao H, Liu F, Xu S, Zheng P, Zheng L, Ying Z, Zheng H, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. Multi-functional ratiometric detection based on dual-emitting N-doped carbon dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124149. [PMID: 38490120 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescence probes based on multi-emission carbon dots improve accuracy and sensitivity on detecting various environment issues. Herein, a novel dual-emitting N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was synthesized from citric acid and urea via a solvothermal method in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The blue and orange emissions of N-CDs in water were modulated, and pure white light-emitting with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) was achieved. The two PL centers behaved differently for Fe3+, Cu2+ and Ag+ ions, with the limit of detection (LOD) of ppm as fluorescence probes. Additionally, N-CDs displayed unique solvatochromism phenomenon. A new green emission appeared in organic solvents and gradually quenched with the increase of solvent polarity. The ratiometric PL displayed an excellent linear response for detecting water, and the LOD was between 0.003 % and 0.3 % in DMF, ethanol, isopropanol and N-methylpyrrolidone. Furthermore, N-CDs exhibited pH-sensitive response in the range of 4.0-7.0 and temperature-dependent response during heating-cooling cycles between 15 and 70 °C. A simple, efficient and reliable multi-functional ratiometric probe for detecting metal ions, water content, pH and temperature simultaneously was realized. However, there is a need for future application research to overcome the limitation imposed by the excitation wavelength of 330 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongcan Sun
- Advance Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - HaiBao Shao
- School of Electronics and Information, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Advance Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhong Xu
- Advance Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihua Ying
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang L, Bian Z, Hu G. A carbon dot-based time-dependent color-changing room temperature phosphorescent material with facile synthesis. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4779. [PMID: 38769873 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent optical properties and so on and are therefore used in various fields such as anti-counterfeiting. There are many reports on carbon dot-based room-temperature phosphorescent materials, but there are still fewer reports on carbon dot-based room-temperature phosphorescent materials with time-dependent color-changing properties. In this work, a time-dependent color-changing carbon dot-based room-temperature phosphorescent material with the ability to change from green to blue was successfully prepared by a simple one-pot heating method using hydroxyurea as the only raw material. In this process, hydroxyurea is used as both a carbon and nitrogen source, and in the process of material formation, hydroxyurea also partially forms cyanuric acid as a matrix to make the carbon dots uniformly dispersed in it. By blending the ratio of the dual emission centers of the carbon dots themselves, the final effect of time-dependent color-changing is achieved by taking advantage of the intensity changes and color differences of each emission center. The present work provides new ideas for the preparation of time-dependent color-changing carbon dot-based room-temperature phosphorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhentao Bian
- Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guangzhou Hu
- Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
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7
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Lamba R, Yukta Y, Mondal J, Kumar R, Pani B, Singh B. Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Recent Advancements in Biomedical, Optoelectronics, Sensing, and Catalysis Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2086-2127. [PMID: 38512809 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs), a fascinating carbon-based nanomaterial (typical size 2-10 nm) owing to their superior optical properties, high biocompatibility, and cell penetrability, have tremendous applications in different interdisciplinary fields. Here, in this Review, we first explore the superiority of CNDs over other nanomaterials in the biomedical, optoelectronics, analytical sensing, and photocatalysis domains. Beginning with synthesis, characterization, and purification techniques, we even address fundamental questions surrounding CNDs such as emission origin and excitation-dependent behavior. Then we explore recent advancements in their applications, focusing on biological/biomedical uses like specific organelle bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and photothermal therapy. In optoelectronics, we cover CND-based solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and their role in LEDs and WLEDs. Analytical sensing applications include the detection of metals, hazardous chemicals, and proteins. In catalysis, we examine roles in photocatalysis, CO2 reduction, water splitting, stereospecific synthesis, and pollutant degradation. With this Review, we intend to further spark interest in CNDs and CND-based composites by highlighting their many benefits across a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Lamba
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Yukta Yukta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jiban Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Balaram Pani
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Bholey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
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8
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Chen M, Liu C, Sun H, Yang F, Hou D, Zheng Y, Shi R, He X, Lin X. Application of Multicolor Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Tea Polyphenols in a White Light-Emitting Diode and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9182-9189. [PMID: 38343193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are new carbon nanomaterials, among which those prepared from biomass are popular due to their excellent optical properties and environmental friendliness. As representative natural phenolic compounds, tea polyphenols are ideal precursors with fluorescent aromatic rings and phenolic hydroxyl structures. Usually, polyphenolic precursors can only be used to produce blue or green fluorescent CDs, and fluorescence in long wavelength domains, such as orange or red, cannot be achieved. Herein, the high reactivity of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in tea polyphenols with o-phthalaldehyde was exploited to modulate the pH during the carbonation process, which led to redshifts of the fluorescence wavelengths. Different pH values during the reaction caused the precursors to take different reaction paths and form fluorescent groups exhibiting different conjugated structures, resulting in carbon dots providing different fluorescent colors. Finally, by utilizing the in situ hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate, the tea polyphenol-based carbon dots were embedded into a silica matrix, inducing phosphorescence of the carbon dots. This study provides a new approach for green preparation and application of natural polyphenolic CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
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Hu H, Wu Y, Gong X. Organosilicon-Based Carbon Dots and Their Versatile Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305933. [PMID: 37661362 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a newly discovered type of fluorescent material that has gained significant attention due to their exceptional optical properties, biocompatibility, and other remarkable characteristics. However, single CDs have some drawbacks such as self-quenching, low quantum yield (QY), and poor stability. To address these issues, researchers have turned to organosilicon, which is known for its green, economical, and abundant properties. Organosilicon is widely used in various fields including optics, electronics, and biology. By utilizing organosilicon as a synthetic precursor, the biocompatibility, QY, and resistance to self-quenching of CDs can be improved. Meanwhile, the combination of organosilicon with CDs enables the functionalization of CDs, which significantly expands their original application scenarios. This paper comprehensively analyzes organosilicon in two main categories: precursors for CD synthesis and matrix materials for compounding with CDs. The role of organosilicon in these categories is thoroughly reviewed. In addition, the paper presents various applications of organosilicon compounded CDs, including detection and sensing, anti-counterfeiting, optoelectronic applications, and biological applications. Finally, the paper briefly discusses current development challenges and future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Song RW, Shen CL, Zheng GS, Ni QC, Liu KK, Zang JH, Dong L, Lou Q, Shan CX. Supramolecular Aggregation of Carbon Nanodots. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11669-11677. [PMID: 38060996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular aggregation has provided the archetype concept to understand the variants in an emerging systems property. Herein, we have achieved the supramolecular assembly of carbon nanodots (CDs) for the first time and employ supramolecular aggregation to understand their alteration in photophysical properties. In detail, we have employed the CDs as a block to construct the supramolecular assembly of aggregates in the CDs' antisolvent of ethanol. The CD-based aggregates exhibit complex and organized morphologies with another long-wavelength excitation-dependent emission band. The experimental results and density functional theoretical calculations reveal that the supramolecular assembly of CDs can decrease the energy gap between the ground and excited states, contributing to the new long-wavelength excitation-dependent emission. The supramolecular aggregation can be employed as one universal strategy to manipulate and understand the luminescence of CDs. These findings cast new light to build the emerging systems and understand the light emission of CDs through supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Wei Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Cheng-Long Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guang-Song Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qing-Chao Ni
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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11
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Hua J, Hua P, Qin K. Highly fluorescent N, F co-doped carbon dots with tunable light emission for multicolor bio-labeling and antibacterial applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132331. [PMID: 37604034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as potential biomaterials for bioimaging and antimicrobial applications. However, the lack of tunable long-wavelength emission performance and imprecise antibacterial mechanism limit their practical application. Thus, developing versatile CDs that combine outstanding optical performance and excellent antibacterial activity is of great practical significance. Herein, we prepared a novel nitrogen and fluorine co-doped CDs (N, F-CDs) from o-phenylenediamine and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid, which exhibit high fluorescence quantum yield of 52.2%, large Stokes shift of 112 nm, as well tunable multicolor emission light from blue to red region. Thanks to the high biocompatibility and excellent photostability, the N, F-CDs were successfully implemented to multicolor biolabeling of mammalian cells, protozoan cells and plant cells. Moreover, the negatively charged N, F-CDs hold inherent efficient antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). By thoroughly studying the underlying antibacterial mechanisms at the molecular level through real-time quantitative PCR assay, we found the expression of related genes was notably down-regulated, further demonstrated that N, F-CDs against two bacterial strains had distinct target pathways. Our work provides a new reference for developing highly fluorescent multicolor CDs, and may facilitate the design and application of CDs-based nanomaterials in biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Hua
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Peng Hua
- Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650011, China
| | - Kunhao Qin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
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12
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Garcia-Millan T, Ramos-Soriano J, Ghirardello M, Liu X, Santi CM, Eloi JC, Pridmore N, Harniman RL, Morgan DJ, Hughes S, Davis SA, Oliver TAA, Kurian KM, Galan MC. Multicolor Photoluminescent Carbon Dots à La Carte for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44711-44721. [PMID: 37715711 PMCID: PMC10540137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Dual-emission fluorescence probes that provide high sensitivity are key for biomedical diagnostic applications. Nontoxic carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging alternative to traditional fluorescent probes; however, robust and reproducible synthetic strategies are still needed to access materials with controlled emission profiles and improved fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs). Herein, we report a practical and general synthetic strategy to access dual-emission CDs with FQYs as high as 0.67 and green/blue, yellow/blue, or red/blue excitation-dependent emission profiles using common starting materials such as citric acid, cysteine, and co-dopants to bias the synthetic pathway. Structural and physicochemical analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance, absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in addition to transmission electron and atomic force microscopy (TEM and AFM) is used to elucidate the material's composition which is responsible for the unique observed photoluminescence properties. Moreover, the utility of the probes is demonstrated in the clinical setting by the synthesis of green/blue emitting antibody-CD conjugates which are used for the immunohistochemical staining of human brain tissues of glioblastoma patients, showing detection under two different emission channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Xia Liu
- Bristol
Medical School, Public Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Southmead Road, Bristol BS8 NB, U.K.
| | | | - Jean-Charles Eloi
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Natalie Pridmore
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Robert L. Harniman
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - David J. Morgan
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
- HarwellXPS—The
EPSRC National Facility for Photoelectron, Spectroscopy, Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hughes
- DST
Innovations Ltd, Unit
6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend CF31 3SH, U.K.
| | - Sean A. Davis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Thomas A. A. Oliver
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Bristol
Medical School, Public Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Southmead Road, Bristol BS8 NB, U.K.
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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13
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Moniruzzaman M, Kim J. Synthesis and post-synthesis strategies for polychromatic carbon dots toward unique and tunable multicolor photoluminescence and associated emission mechanism. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13858-13885. [PMID: 37535002 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with unique and tunable multicolor photoluminescence (PL) emission has attracted tremendous attention in the past few years due to their potential multifaceted application, specially in the biomedical and optoelectronic fields. There has been extensive deliberation and efforts to engineer the synthesis or post synthesis approach to obtain multicolor-emissive CDs and tune their optical properties toward longer wavelength. This review mainly focuses on the advancement of strategies for synthesis and post-synthesis techniques of CDs toward tunable multicolor emission. Based on the above discussion to achieve desired goals, several synthesis strategies (selection of proper benzenoid precursor, acid/base treatment of biomass, optimization of reaction conditions, optimization of the reagents, solvent engineering, acid strength regulation, reaction temperature regulation, chemical doping) and various post synthesis strategies (column chromatographic separation or purification, solvatochromism, pH variation, surface functionalization, concentration variation) have been reviewed. Although numerous research articles have been published on the synthesis of multicolor CDs for multifaceted application, there is still a lack of a concise review article focusing on systematic synthesis/post synthesis strategies with PL mechanism elucidation. Thus, we focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art advances on the strategies for the preparation of polychromatic CDs with tunable emission and elucidating their emission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongsung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Chen M, Yang F, Hou D, Zheng Y, Liu C, Lin X, Li Y, Sun H. Preparation of Multicolor Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Catechol and o-Phthalaldehyde. Molecules 2023; 28:5303. [PMID: 37513177 PMCID: PMC10386174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the foremost category of carbon materials, carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively applied in many domains because of their special fluorescence features and outstanding biocompatibility. However, in early studies of fluorescent CDs, as the fluorescence wavelength of most CDs was restricted to the blue or green region and was excitation dependent, the application of CDs was limited. In this study, three representative CDs, fluorescing yellow, green, and blue, were synthesized under alkaline, neutral, and acidic circumstances, respectively, while using a hydrothermal method in which catechol and phthalaldehyde acted as carbon sources and methanol functioned as the reaction solvent. The carbon nuclei of the three fluorescent CDs all had comparable graphite structures. The diversity of photoluminescence (PL) emission from these three CDs was attributed mainly to the different sizes of the sp2 conjugated structures among them. Mixing synthesized CDs with epoxy resin, three colors (yellow, green, and blue) of LED using CIE coordinates (0.40, 0.44), (0.33, 0.46), and (0.21, 0.22), respectively, were successfully prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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15
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Huang P, Li MZ, Wen CF, Zhou HY, Jian JX, Tong QX. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots for efficient deep-blue light-emitting diodes with CIE closely approaching the HDTV standard color Rec.BT.709. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37401807 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate deep-blue carbon dots (CDs) with luminescence centered at 415 nm and PLQY exceeding 60% via nitrogen doping. A bright and high-color-purity CDs-based light-emitting diode (CLED) is achieved with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.74%, a maximum luminance of 1155.0 cd m-2, and a colour coordinate (0.16, 0.08) closely approaching the HDTV standard color Rec.BT.709 (0.15, 0.06) specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Chun-Fa Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Hang-Yue Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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16
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Hoang NM, Ngoc NTB, Huong PTL, Huyen PTT, Duy DQ, Dao VD, Tu LT. Dual Emission Carbon Dots for Simultaneous Detections of Pb 2+ and Fe 3+ Ions in Water Via Distinct Sensing Mechanisms. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1359-1366. [PMID: 36695956 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, dual-emission carbon dots (DE-CDs) were synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal method. DE-CDs exhibited two well-separated peaks at 433 and 513 nm under ultraviolet excitation. The prepared DE-CDs offer selective detection of Fe3+ ions via inner filter effect (IFE) and Pb2+ ions via aggregation-induced enhancement (AIE). The obtained DE-CDs showed a good affinity for both Fe3+ and Pb2+ ions in the presence of various interfering ions. The limits of detection were 0.797 ppm and 4.739 ppm for Pb2+ and Fe3+, respectively. The finding reveals the huge potential of DE-CDs for the selective detection of multiple targets in one solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Hoang
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Physics & Biophysics, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thi Lan Huong
- Department of Physics & Biophysics, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thi Thanh Huyen
- Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, Academy of Cryptography Techniques, 1000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Quang Duy
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van-Duong Dao
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Le Tuan Tu
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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17
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Ziaee N, Farhadian N, Abnous K, Matin MM, Khoshnood A, Yaghoobi E. Dual targeting of Mg/N doped-carbon quantum dots with folic and hyaluronic acid for targeted drug delivery and cell imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114971. [PMID: 37295246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mg/N doped-carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with dual drug targeting and cell imaging properties was synthesized. Mg/N doped-CQDs synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Operating pyrolysis parameters such as temperature, time, and pH were optimized to achieve CQDs with high quantum yield (QY). This CQD applied in cellular imaging. For the first time, dual active targeting of Mg/N doped CQDs performed using folic acid and hyaluronic acid (CQD-FA-HA). Then, epirubicin (EPI) loaded on this nanocarrier as the final complex (CQD-FA-HA-EPI). Cytotoxicity analysis, cellular uptake, and cell photography performed for the complex on three cell lines, including 4T1, MCF-7, and CHO. In vivo studies were performed in BALB/c inbred female mice models bearing breast cancer. Characterization results showed the successful formation of Mg/N doped-CQDs with a high QY of 89.44%. In vitro drug release approved pH dependency of synthesized nanocarrier with a controlled release behavior. Cytotoxicity tests and cellular uptake results demonstrated increased toxicity and absorption into 4T1 and MCF-7 cell lines for targeted nanoparticles compared to free drug. In cell imaging, an increase in the entry of the complex into 4T1 and MCF-7 cells compared to free drug, confirmed the proper function of the synthesized complex. In vivo results indicated that the tumor volume of mice receiving CQD-FA-HA-EPI was the lowest among other studied groups, along with the lowest damage to the liver, spleen, and heart according to the histopathological analysis. Finally, CQD-FA-HA proposed as a novel platform with tumor targeting, drug carrier, and photoluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Ziaee
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Farhadian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khoshnood
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Yaghoobi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Li Y, Liu C, Sun H, Chen M, Hou D, Zheng Y, Xie H, Zhou B, Lin X. Formation and Band Gap Tuning Mechanism of Multicolor Emissive Carbon Dots from m-Hydroxybenzaldehyde. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300543. [PMID: 37085685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reported in 2004, carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent optical properties. However, the mechanism of their fluorescence modulation is still a controversial issue, which also seriously affects the further development of carbon dots. In this paper, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is used as a raw material to obtain multicolor luminescent CDs by pyrolysis under different reaction conditions, thereby revealing the forbidden band tuning and formation mechanism of CDs. Different acid-base conditions lead to different reaction paths of the precursors, forming molecular fluorophores with different conjugated structures, which aggregate to eventually form CDs and further enhance the photoluminescence of the system by inhibiting the movement of the fluorescent centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Menglin Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
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19
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Sun Y, Yue T, Yuan Y, Shi Y. Unlabeled fluorescence ELISA using yellow emission carbon dots for the detection of
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris
in apple juice. EFOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yiheng Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
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20
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Nazari Z, Hadi Nematollahi M, Zareh F, Pouramiri B, Mehrabani M. An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Quantum Dots and Ionic Liquids for Selective Detection of Dopamine. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nazari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zareh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | | | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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21
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Inter-plane 2D/2D ultrathin La2Ti2O7/Ti3C2 MXene Schottky heterojunctions toward high-efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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22
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Rasheed T. Carbon dots as robust class of sustainable and environment friendlier nano/optical sensors for pesticide recognition from wastewater. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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23
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Li J, Gong X. The Emerging Development of Multicolor Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205099. [PMID: 36328736 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials, multicolor carbon dots (MCDs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence (PL), high quantum yield, and unique electronic and physicochemical properties. The multicolor emission characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) obviously depend on the carbon source precursor, reaction conditions, and reaction environment, which directly or indirectly determines the multicolor emission characteristics of CDs. Therefore, this review is the first systematic classification and summary of multiple regulation methods of synthetic MCDs and reviews the recent research progress in the synthesis of MCDs from a variety of precursor materials such as aromatic molecules, small organic molecules, and natural biomass, focusing on how different regulation methods produce corresponding MCDs. This review also introduces the innovative applications of MCDs in the fields of biological imaging, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensing, and anti-counterfeiting due to their excellent PL properties. It is hoped that by selecting appropriate adjustment methods, this review can inspire and guide the future research on the design of tailored MCDs, and provide corresponding help for the development of multifunctional MCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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24
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Zhang H, Cao D, Cheng X, Guan R, Zhou C. Amide salt pyrolysis fabrication of graphene nanosheets with multi-excitation single color emission. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:671-680. [PMID: 35878459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel and simple approach of using amide salt pyrolysis to produce photoluminescent (multi-excitation and single color emission) graphene nanosheets (GNs) with a thickness of <1 nm and a diameter of about 100-200 nm is described herein. It has characteristics of high water solubility, low toxicity, easy manufacturing, etc., and has potential application prospects in analytical chemistry and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Duxia Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Ruifang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Chuanjian Zhou
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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25
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Carbon dots as potential greener and sustainable fluorescent nanomaterials in service of pollutants sensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang B, Wang B, Ushakova EV, He B, Xing G, Tang Z, Rogach AL, Qu S. Assignment of Core and Surface States in Multicolor-Emissive Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022:e2204158. [PMID: 36216592 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is important to reveal the luminescence mechanisms of carbon dots (CDs). Herein, CDs with two types of optical centers are synthesized from citric acid in formamide by a solvothermal method, and show high photoluminescence quantum yield reaching 42%. Their green/yellow emission exhibits pronounced vibrational structure and high resistance toward photobleaching, while broad red photoluminescence is sensitive to solvents, temperature, and UV-IR. Under UV-IR, the red emission is gradually bleached due to the photoinduced dehydration of the deprotonated surface of CDs in dimethyl sulfoxide, while this process is hindered in water. From the analysis of steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption data together with density functional theory calculations, the green/ yellow emission is assigned to conjugated sp2 -domains (core state) similar to organic dye derivatives stacked within disk-shaped CDs; and the broad red emission-to oxygen-containing groups bound to sp2 -domains (surface state), whereas energy transfer from the core to the surface state can happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Elena V Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Bingchen He
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Songnan Qu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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27
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Solvent-dependent carbon dots for multifunctional sensing of temperature, pH, and proton pump inhibitors. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1228:340341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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An Y, Liu C, Li Y, Chen M, Zheng Y, Tian H, Shi R, He X, Lin X. Preparation of Multicolour Solid Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Light-Emitting Diodes Using Phenylethylamine as a Co-Carbonization Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11071. [PMID: 36232382 PMCID: PMC9569546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new type of photoluminescent nanomaterial, have attracted extensive attention in various fields because of their unique luminescence properties. However, CDs will exhibit fluorescence quenching in the solid state or aggregate state, which limits their application. In this paper, a unique strategy is proposed to regulate solutions to achieve multicolour fluorescence of CDs in the solid state. We report the successful preparation of orange, green and blue solid fluorescent CDs using citric acid, urea and phenylethylamine as precursors and methanol, ethanol and water as solvents, respectively. The solid-state fluorescence of CDs may be caused by the linkage of the phenylethyl structure to the surface of CDs during formation, which effectively disperses the CDs and prevents π-π interactions between graphitized nuclei. Meanwhile, multicolour solid fluorescent CDs are realized by adjusting the solvent in the preparation process. Based on the excellent fluorescence properties of CDs, orange, green and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are prepared. A white LED (WLED) can be obtained by mixing the three colours of solid fluorescent CDs, which shows the application potential of CDs in display lighting equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong An
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Kumari M, Chaudhary GR, Chaudhary S, Umar A, Akbar S, Baskoutas S. Bio-Derived Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:5329. [PMID: 36014567 PMCID: PMC9416149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of biowaste into products with added value offers a lucrative role in nation-building. The current work describes the synthesis of highly water-soluble, luminous carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in the size range of 5-10 nm from discarded rice straw. The small spherical CQDs that were formed had outstanding optical and luminescent qualities as well as good photostabilities. By performing quantitative multi-assay tests that included antioxidant activities, in vitro stability and colloidal assay investigations as a function of different CQD concentrations, the biocompatibility of CQDs was evaluated. To clearly visualize the type of surface defects and emissive states in produced CQDs, excitation-dependent fluorescence emission experiments have also been carried out. The "waste-to-wealth" strategy that has been devised is a successful step toward the quick and accurate detection of Cu2+ ion in aqueous conditions. The fluorescence-quenching behavior has specified the concentration dependency of the developed sensor in the range of 50 μM to 10 nM, with detection limit value of 0.31 nM. The main advantage of the current research is that it offers a more environmentally friendly, economically viable and scaled-up synthesis of toxicologically screened CQDs for the quick fluorescence detection of Cu2+ ions and opens up new possibilities in wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sheikh Akbar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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30
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Dong C, Ma X, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Gao X. Carbon dots nanozyme for anti-inflammatory therapy via scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:943399. [PMID: 36046669 PMCID: PMC9420844 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.943399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an efficient antioxidant for anti-inflammatory therapy via scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains a great challenge owing to the insufficient activity and stability of traditional antioxidants. Herein, we explored and simply synthesized a biocompatible carbon dots (CDs) nanozyme with excellent scavenging activity of ROS for anti-inflammatory therapy. As expected, CDs nanozyme effectively eliminate many kinds of free radicals including •OH, O2 •- , and ABTS+•. Benefiting from multienzyme activities against ROS, CDs nanozyme can decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in good anti-inflammatory effect. Taken together, this study not only sheds light on design of bioactive antioxidants but also broadens the biomedical application of CDs in the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuehua Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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31
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One-pot synthesis of concentration and excitation dual-dependency truly full-color photoluminescence carbon dots. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Liu L, Duan Z, Liu Y, Zhang W, Cui J, Rong Y, Dong C. One-Step Synthesis of Nitrogen/Fluorine Co-Doped Carbon Dots for Use in Ferric Ions and Ascorbic Acid Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142377. [PMID: 35889602 PMCID: PMC9323265 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have caught enormous attention owing to their distinctive properties, such as their high water solubility, tunable optical properties, and easy surface modification, which can be generally used for the detection of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Herein, nitrogen and fluorine co-doped carbon dots (NFCDs) were designed via a rapid, low-cost, and one-step microwave-assisted technique using DL-malic acid and levofloxacin. The NFCDs emitted intense green fluorescence under UV lighting, and the optical emission peak at 490 nm was observed upon a 280 nm excitation, with a high quantum yield of 21.03%. Interestingly, the spectral measurements illustrated excitation-independent and concentration-independent single-color fluorescence owing to the presence of nitrogen and fluorine elements in the surface functional groups. Additionally, the NFCDs were applied for the selective detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid based on the “turn-off” mode. The detection limits were determined as 1.03 and 4.22 µM, respectively. The quenching mechanisms were explored using the static quenching mechanism and the inner filter effect. Therefore, a NFCDs fluorescent probe with single color emission was successfully developed for the convenient and rapid detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhiqing Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yanping Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Product, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingjing Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yafang Rong
- Shandong Zhengyuan Geophysical Information Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Chen Dong
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.D.)
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33
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Facile Synthesis of Multi-Emission Nitrogen/Boron Co-Doped Carbon Dots from Lignin for Anti-Counterfeiting Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142779. [PMID: 35890555 PMCID: PMC9316793 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of lignin with natural aromatic structure into value-added carbon dots (CDs) achieves a win-win situation for low-cost production of novel nanomaterials and reasonable disposal of biomass waste. However, it remains challenging to produce multi-emission CDs from biomass for advanced applications. Herein, a green and facile approach to preparing multi-emission CDs from alkali lignin via N and B co-doping is developed. The obtained N and B co-doped CDs (NB-CDs) show multi-emission fluorescence centers at 346, 428 and 514 nm under different excitations. As the doping amount of N and B increases, the fluorescence emission band gradually shifts to 428 and 514 nm, while that at 346 nm decreases. The fluorescence mechanism is explored through the research of the structure, composition and optical performance of NB-CDs in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It demonstrates that the effect of doping with B-containing functional groups on the fluorescence emission behavior is multivariate, which may be the crucial contribution to the unique multi-emission fluorescence of CDs. The multi-emission NB-CDs with prominent stability are applied for multilevel anti-counterfeiting printing. It provides a promising direction for the sustainable and advanced application of biomass-derived CDs, and the theoretical results highlight a new insight into the deep understanding of the multi-emission fluorescence mechanism.
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Garcia-Millan T, Swift TA, Morgan DJ, Harniman RL, Masheder B, Hughes S, Davis SA, Oliver TAA, Galan MC. Small variations in reaction conditions tune carbon dot fluorescence. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6930-6940. [PMID: 35466987 PMCID: PMC9109711 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of robust and reproducible synthetic strategies for the production of carbon dots (CDs) with improved fluorescence quantum yields and distinct emission profiles is of great relevance given the vast range of applications of CDs. The fundamental understanding at a molecular level of their formation mechanism, chemical structure and how these parameters are correlated to their photoluminescence (PL) properties is thus essential. In this study, we describe the synthesis and structural characterization of a range of CDs with distinct physico-chemical properties. The materials were prepared under three minutes of microwave irradiation using the same common starting materials (D-glucosamine hydrochloride 1 and ethylenediamine 2) but modifying the stoichiometry of the reagents. We show that small variation in reaction conditions leads to changes in the fluorescent behaviour of the CDs, especially in the selective enhancement of overlapped fluorescence bands. Structural analysis of the different CD samples suggested different reaction pathways during the CD formation and surface passivation, with the latter step being key to the observed differences. Moreover, we demonstrate that these materials have distinct reversible response to pH changes, which we can be attribute to different behaviour towards protonation/deprotonation events of distinct emission domains present within each nanomaterial. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the reaction pathways that lead to the formation of this carbon-based nanomaterials and how this can be exploited to develop tailored materials towards specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A Swift
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - David J Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- HarwellXPS, - ESPRC National Facility for XPS, Research Complex at Harwell (RcAH), Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Robert L Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Benjamin Masheder
- DST Innovations Ltd, Unit 6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend, CF31 3SH, UK
| | - Stephen Hughes
- DST Innovations Ltd, Unit 6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend, CF31 3SH, UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Thomas A A Oliver
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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35
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Esmaeili M, Wu Z, Chen D, Singh A, Sonar P, Thiel D, Li Q. Composition and concentration-dependent photoluminescence of nitrogen-doped carbon dots. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Xian Y, Li K. Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Yield Red Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Ultra-Narrow Emission by Controlled O/N Elements. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201031. [PMID: 35353413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Red fluorescent carbon dots (r-CDs) with narrow dual emissions (600 nm and 658-683 nm, full width at half-maximums (FWHMs) of 20 nm and 30 nm), fluorescence quantum yield of 41.0%, and yield of 83.3% are prepared by hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine as precursor and inorganic oxidant as yield enhancer, and they have graphite nitrate-like structures. The long-wavelength side emission is aggregation-induced emission (AIE). A logarithmic relationship between the AIE wavelength (y) and the concentration (x) (y = 8.853ln(x) + 688.53, R = 0.998) is found. This regularity and the high monochromaticity of AIE are related to the existence of highly ordered structures proved by X-ray diffraction. Its intrinsic emission (FWHM: 20 nm) is the narrowest among the r-CDs prepared by hydrothermal method. The reason is that the decrease of oxygen content makes the FWHMs become narrow, and the decrease of the pyridine nitrogen content and the increase of pyrrole nitrogen content make them narrower further. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra and control experiment prove that oxidative polymerization is a necessary preparation step. The linear relationship between the amount of the oxidant and the CDs yield indicates that the yield can be increased only by increasing the conversion rate of the polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Xian
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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37
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Song X, Zhao S, Xu Y, Chen X, Wang S, Zhao P, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. Preparation, Properties, and Application of Lignocellulosic-Based Fluorescent Carbon Dots. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102486. [PMID: 35199466 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon material with excellent performance and widespread application. As the most readily available and widely distributed biomass resource, lignocellulosics are a renewable bioresource with great potential. Research into the preparation of CDs with lignocellulose (LC-CDs) has become the focus of numerous researchers. Compared with other carbon sources, lignocellulose is low cost, rich in structural variety, exhibits excellent biocompatibility,[1] and the structures of CDs prepared by lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are similar. This Review summarized research progress in the preparation of CDs from lignocellulosics in recent years and reviewed traditional and new preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, optical properties, and applications of LC-CDs, providing guidance for the formation and improvement of LC-CDs. In addition, the challenges of synthesizing LC-CDs were also highlighted, including the interaction of different lignocellulose components on the formation of LC-CDs and the nucleation and growth mechanism of LC-CDs; from this, current trends and opportunities of LC-CDs were examined, and some research methods for future research were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Song
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Siyu Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Peitao Zhao
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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38
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Pan Y, Wei Z, Ma M, Zhang X, Chi Z, He Y, Wang X, Ran X, Guo L. Broadened optical absorption, enhanced photoelectric conversion and ultrafast carrier dynamics of N, P co-doped carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5794-5803. [PMID: 35352741 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive attention for their unique properties and promising applications in many fields. Many efforts have been made to improve the optical and physicochemical properties of CDs using an atomic doping strategy; however, the photoelectric properties of CD-based devices have been less studied and the photocurrent density is far from satisfactory for practical operation. Deep understanding of the doping effects on the electronic structure and photophysical properties of CDs is fundamental and essential for effectively improving the optical and photoelectrical performance of CD-based devices. Here, we have synthesized nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) co-doped CDs (N, P-CDs) through a one-step hydrothermal approach, and systematically investigated the effects of P-dopants on the improved optical and photoelectric properties of N, P-CDs. The introduction of P atoms into N-CDs significantly changes the electronic structure and extends the absorption spectral region, enhancing the light-harvesting ability of N, P-CDs. Meanwhile, the regulated carrier dynamics have been investigated using time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. We found that the carrier recombination was decreased with introducing P atoms, and the photogenerated electrons in the higher excited states could be efficiently transferred to the lowest excited state. Moreover, the photocurrent density of N, P-CDs was increased by twelve times compared with that of N-CDs. Therefore, the effective doping of P atoms can significantly regulate the electronic structure, optical properties, carrier dynamics and photoelectric conversion of N, P-CDs. The achieved broadband light-harvesting, good photoelectric properties and photostability of the as-prepared N, P-CDs demonstrate an important example of P-doping to improve the optical and photoelectrical properties of CD-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Pan
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zhongran Wei
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mengdi Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zhen Chi
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yulu He
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lijun Guo
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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39
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Han B, Hu X, Zhang X, Huang X, An M, Chen X, Zhao D, Li J. The fluorescence mechanism of carbon dots based on the separation and identification of small molecular fluorophores. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11640-11648. [PMID: 35432945 PMCID: PMC9008442 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00431c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention in theoretical researches and their practical applications due to their excellent optical properties, and many researchers discovered that flurophores play a very important role in synthesis process of CDs and the luminescence of prepared CDs. In this study, two CDs were pyrolysis with citric acid, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione derivatives as carbon sources. Four intermediate small molecules were separated from the prepared CDs through ultrafiltration and chromatography, and their chemical structures were determined. The formation process of CDs was monitored through identified small molecule intermediates and HPLC. It is speculated that the two CDs have the same formation pathway, including TPA (5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-3,7-dicarboxylic acid) synthesis, fluorophore polymerization, carbon chain extension, and carbonization. It was also discovered that these two CDs have the same fluorescence properties, thiazolopyridone structure, and nitrogen-sulfur co-doped functional groups are important reasons for the mixed excitation dependence of CDs. This study would provide valuable theoretical basis for the studies on preparation of excellent CDs, raw material selection, and CDs formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan China
| | - Xianju Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan China
| | - Mingzhe An
- Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-flavor Liquor Solid-state Fermentation, Wuliangye Yibin Co. 3Ltd Yibin China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Hubei Yaosheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Co. Ltd Zhaoyang China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan China
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40
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Ding S, Tan P, Wen J, Li T, Wang W. Quantification of 2-chlorohydroquinone based on interaction between N-doped carbon quantum dots probe and photolysis products in fluorescence system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152745. [PMID: 34979230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a member of chlorophenolic compounds, 2-chlorohydroquinone (H2QCl) has been widely used as intermediates in various chemical industries and leaded to serious threat on the environment. It is urgent to develop simple and robust analytical method for sensitive and selective determination of H2QCl. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a promising photoluminescence nanomaterial, have gained sufficient concern as optical sensors owing to their outstanding photochemical properties. In this work, nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were successfully synthesized by a simple secondary hydrothermal method and applied as a fluorescent probe for the quantitation of H2QCl. A new fluorescence region centered at excitation wavelength of 310 nm and emission wavelength of 390 nm appeared after nitrogen doping. It was found that the N-CQDs exhibited a high selectivity towards H2QCl with sensitive fluorescence response and the fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs was linear with the concentration of H2QCl in the range of 30-90 μM (Y = 0.0049X + 0.1255, R2 = 0.996). This is the first time that the dual role of excitation light was observed in the fluorescence detection system. The ultraviolet light acted as not only the excitation energy source for N-CQDs photoluminescence, but also the light source for photolysis of H2QCl. In the detection process, H2QCl was degraded to p-benzoquinone by light, and then the CQDs combined with p-benzoquinone through Michael addition reaction under the action of doped nitrogen. The electron transfer from N-CQDs to the linked p-benzoquinone caused the quenching of fluorescence originated from the edge state of N-CQDs. Furthermore, this established method can be applied for the quantitative determination of H2QCl in environmental water samples with satisfactory recoveries between 94.31 and 105.51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tielong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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41
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Fluorescent Mechanism in Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:887-906. [PMID: 35303239 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have acquired growing interest from different areas over decades. Their fascinating property of tunable fluorescence by changing the excitation wavelength has attracted researchers worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms behind fluorescence is of great importance, as they help with the synthesis and applications, significantly when narrowed down to applications with color-tunable mechanisms. But, due to a lack of practical and theoretical information, the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs remain unknown, preventing the production of CDs with desired optical qualities. This review focuses on the PL mechanisms of carbon dots. The quantum confinement effect determined the carbon core, the surface and edge states determined by various surface defects and the connected functional/chemical groups on the surface/edges, the molecular state solely determined the fluorophores in the interior or surface of the CDs, and the Crosslink Enhanced Emission Effect are the currently confirmed PL mechanisms.
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42
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Zhu L, Shen D, Hong Luo K. Triple-emission nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots from lignin: Highly fluorescent sensing platform for detection of hexavalent chromium ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:557-567. [PMID: 35303639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering that hexavalent chromium ions (Cr6+) with high toxicity poses a huge threat to human health and the ecological environment, constructing a rapid and accurate sensing platform is of great significance in detecting the toxic substance. The novel nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots (N, B-CQDs) from lignin are synthesized as fluorescent sensors for the detection of Cr6+. The synthetic processes involve the acid hydrolysis step followed by the hydrothermal treatment step. Lignin is firstly depolymerized by cleaving ether bonds in the acidolysis, and N, B-CQDs are consequently formed by the aromatic re-fusion of lignin nanoparticles in the hydrothermal process. The lignin-derived N, B-CQDs show triple emission of purple, blue and green fluorescence under the excitation of 300, 330, and 490 nm, respectively. The triple-emission N, B-CQDs are applied for the triple-channel detection of Cr6+, which exhibit highly sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching for Cr6+ with good linearity (R2 ≤ 0.996) and very low limit of detection as 0.054, 0.049, and 0.077 μM under the excitation of 300, 330 and 490 nm, respectively. The utilization of renewable lignin as CQDs-based fluorescent sensors opens a new avenue for the rapid and accurate detection of Cr6+ through a multichannel sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Kai Hong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E7JE, UK
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43
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Mechanisms behind multicolor tunable Near-Infrared triple emission in graphene quantum dots and ratio fluorescent probe for water detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:182-192. [PMID: 35276519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Developing environmental-friendly and low-cost strategies of synthesizing red-emission graphene quantum dots (R-GQDs) is a considerable challenge. Herein, we present the green and facile preparation of R-GQDs by using o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) and catechol as precursors via oxidation/polymerization and Schiff base reaction at low temperature (80 °C) for 3 hrs. Results show that the prepared R-GQDs exhibit triple fluorescence emissions, which is enabled by the introduce of different nitrogen (pyrrolic N, pyridinic N, and amino N) species on the surface of R-GQDs. Moreover, the R-GQDs are implemented to detect the moisture in different organic solvent. A highly sensitive ratiometric sensing of water in organic solvents is achieved, and the relationship between the change of fluorescence signal caused by moisture and the corresponding internal emission site is also determined. In the end, the multicolor light emissions of R-GQDs are realized by simply adjusting the polarity of surrounding solvents. And based on the solvatochromism of R-GQDs, the multicolor solid fluorescent powder and ink are prepared for illumination application. All in all, the above research work presents a novel R-GQDs for wide application in detecting and illumination.
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44
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Chen Y, Xiong G, Zhu L, Huang J, Chen X, Chen Y, Cao M. Enhanced Fluorescence and Environmental Stability of Red-Emissive Carbon Dots via Chemical Bonding with Cellulose Films. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6834-6842. [PMID: 35252677 PMCID: PMC8892658 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of red emission carbon dots with bright solid-state fluorescence would significantly broaden their application in optoelectronic devices and sensors. Herein, a red-emissive carbon dot-based nanocomposite has been synthesized through chemical bonding with cellulose films. The red emission originating from the surface states of carbon dots was maintained in the cellulose films. Due to the stable chemical bonding, the photoluminescence intensity and emission wavelength remained unchanged for 12 months, and the quantum yield of the composite was enhanced over 4 times. It also showed outstanding stability in water or weak acid-base environments under pHs ranging from 2 to 11. Therefore, the mechanism of chemical bonding that eliminated the defects and preserved the efficient radiative process through surface states was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Chen
- School
of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, No. 22, Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Gaoyang Xiong
- School
of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, No. 22, Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- School
of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, No. 22, Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- School
of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, No. 22, Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Chen
- School
of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, No. 22, Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School
of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, No. 22, Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Cao
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, No. 22, Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, P. R. China
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45
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Shim HS, Kim JM, Jeong S, Ju Y, Won SJ, Choi J, Nam S, Molla A, Kim J, Song JK. Distinctive optical transitions of tunable multicolor carbon dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1351-1358. [PMID: 36133688 PMCID: PMC9418898 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three types of carbon dots (CDs) are synthesized from isomers of phenylenediamine to develop multicolor nanomaterials with low toxicity, high stability, and high quantum yield. The distinctive electronic structures of CDs lead to the characteristic optical transitions, such as three colors of blue, green, and red, which are primarily attributed to the difference in configurations, despite the similar basic structures of conjugated systems. The excitation-independent emission and the single exponential decay of CDs indicate the single chromophore-like nature in each type of CD. In addition, the two-photon luminescence of CDs exhibits a comparable shape and time profile to the typical photoluminescence with high photostability. Although the surface-related defect states are observed by intragap excitation, the contribution of defect states is barely observed in the emission profile upon band gap excitation. Consequently, the controllability of optical transitions in CDs enhances the potential of tunable multicolor nanomaterials for various applications as alternatives to quantum dots containing toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Seop Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Myung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Aniruddha Molla
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
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46
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Ruan Z, Yuan Y, Lin K. Extensive solar light utilizing by ternary C-dots/Cu 2O/SrTiO 3: Highly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics and inactivation of E. coli. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133340. [PMID: 34922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of a visible-light driven photocatalyst is of great vital for the elimination of antibiotics and microorganism in the wastewater and the construction of sustainable green energy systems. In this work, carbon quantum dots (C-dots) were integrated with Cu2O/SrTiO3 p-n heterojunction to optimize the photocatalytic activity. The excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC·HCl) (92.6% within 90 min) and E. coli inactivation efficiency were observed over C-dots/Cu2O/SrTiO3 under visible light irradiation. It is the synergistic effect of p-n heterojunction and modification of C-dots that facilitates the separation and transfer of electron-holes. Meanwhile, the modification of C-dots improves the harvesting of long wavelength solar light of photocatalysts due to its unique up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL) characteristics. Eventually, the possible photocatalytic degradation path of the catalyst was inferred by LC-MS spectra, and the degradation mechanism was analyzed. This study sheds light on new possibilities for the application of photocatalysts in various light sources and has broad application prospects in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhaohui Ruan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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47
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He Q, Ren J, Liu Y. Dispersion-assisted tunable fluorescence from carbon dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:175705. [PMID: 35030546 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4b7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by hydrothermal method with amino-rich surface exhibit tunable fluorescence across entire visible range by simply controlling the concentration. A comprehensive comparison has been performed for the first time between concentration-induced aggregation of the single-type CDs and electrostatic-induced agglomeration of opposite-charged CDs in terms of their fluorescence properties. Experimental results show that both the aggregation of CDs and internal absorption filtration are possible causes of the concentration-dependent fluorescence emission. Subsequently, the inter distance of adjacent CDs in their aggregates was enlarged by forming rigid double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) between adjacent CDs through base pairing. It is clear that the contact of CDs induces the changes of fluorescence emission and light absorption. Through a better understanding of the mechanisms behind concentration-induced multicolor emission, this work can provide a novel strategy to develop the advanced applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 Taoyuan South Road, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkai Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, CR-INSTM, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Yaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 Taoyuan South Road, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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48
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Velusamy J, Ramos-Ortiz G. Na-doped carbon nanodots: shed light on the concentration modulated photoluminescence and two-photon absorption performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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49
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Zhang X, Liao X, Hou Y, Jia B, Fu L, Jia M, Zhou L, Lu J, Kong W. Recent advances in synthesis and modification of carbon dots for optical sensing of pesticides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126881. [PMID: 34449329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Serious threat from pesticide residues to the ecosystem and human health has become a global concern. Developing reliable methods for monitoring pesticides is a world-wide research hotspot. Carbon dots (CDs) with excellent photostability, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility have been regarded as the potential substitutes in fabricating various optical sensors for pesticide detection. Based on the relevant high-quality publications, this paper first summarizes the current state-of-the-art of the synthetic and modification approaches of CDs. Then, a comprehensive overview is given on the recent advances of CDs-based optical sensors for pesticides over the past five years, with a particular focus on photoluminescent, electrochemiluminescent and colorimetric sensors regarding the sensing mechanisms and design principles by integrating with various recognition elements including antibodies, aptamers, enzymes, molecularly imprinted polymers, and some nanoparticles. Novel functions and extended applications of CDs as signal indicators, catalyst, co-reactants, and electrode surface modifiers, in constructing optical sensors are specially highlighted. Beyond an assessment of the performances of the real-world application of these proposed optical sensors, the existing inadequacies and current challenges, as well as future perspectives for pesticide monitoring are discussed in detail. It is hoped to provide powerful insights for the development of novel CDs-based sensing strategies with their wide application in different fields for pesticide supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujiao Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Changji 831100, China
| | - Boyu Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhu Fu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mingxuan Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Lidong Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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50
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Liu Z, Jia R, Chen F, Yan G, Tian W, Zhang J, Zhang J. Electrochemical process of early-stage corrosion detection based on N-doped carbon dots with superior Fe 3+ responsiveness. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:567-576. [PMID: 34411829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron corrosion is a subject of great technological importance and extensive public concern. However, the highly efficient detection of iron corrosion at early stage is still a challenging task. Herein, bright fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with superior response to Fe3+ were prepared by simple solvothermal process based on citric acid and ammonia. The obtained CDs are able to rapidly, sensitively and selectively respond to Fe3+. The quantitative analysis showed that the CDs exhibited a linear response to Fe3+ in the range of 10 to 300 µM, with a detection limit of 0.9 μM. And the fluorescence quenching of CDs was obvious enough to be detected by the naked eyes. Such promising responsiveness of CDs offers a great opportunity for real-time and visual detection of Fe3+ during electrochemical corrosion process. In addition, due to the excellent stability and solubility of CDs, patterned papers and hydrogels have been fabricated utilizing cellulose and PVA as matrices. The as-prepared biocompatible, environmental-friendly and disposable CDs based fluorescent materials were successfully used for detecting the degree of iron corrosion. This could provide a simple and visual strategy for monitoring the safety of structural metal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ruonan Jia
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Guilong Yan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Weiguo Tian
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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