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Kurabayashi A, Fukuhara H, Furihata K, Iwashita W, Furihata M, Inoue K. Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2299. [PMID: 39001362 PMCID: PMC11240600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) possesses distinct molecular profiles that influence progression depending on its biological nature and delivered treatment intensity. Muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC) demonstrate great intrinsic heterogeneity regarding different prognoses, survival, progression, and treatment outcomes. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the standard of care in treating NMIBC and serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes despite the prevalent recurrence and progression among many patients. In particular, flat urothelial carcinoma in situ and urothelial carcinoma with lamina propria invasion are the major precursors of MIBC. A new-generation photosensitizer, 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), demonstrates high tumor specificity by illuminating the tumor lesion with a specific wavelength of light to produce fluorescence and has been studied for photodynamic diagnosis to detect precise tumor areas by TURBT. Additionally, it has been applied for treatment by producing its cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, as well as screening for urological carcinomas by excreting porphyrin in the blood and urine. Moreover, 5-ALA may contribute to screening before and after TURBT in NMIBC. Here, we summarize the updated evidence and ongoing research on photodynamic technology for NMIBC, providing insight into the potential for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Furihata
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Waka Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Furihata
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
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Sahu K, Krishna H, Shrivastava R, Majumdar A, Chowdhury A, Chakraborty S, Majumder SK. Evaluation of the potential of Delta-aminolevulinic acid for simultaneous detection of bioburden and anti-microbial photodynamic therapy of MRSA infected wounds in Swiss albino mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 254:112892. [PMID: 38513542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dramatic increase of drug-resistant bacteria necessitates urgent development of platforms to simultaneously detect and inactivate bacteria causing wound infections, but are confronted with various challenges. Delta amino levulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) can be a promising modality for simultaneous bioburden diagnostics and therapeutics. Herein, we report utility of ALA induced protoporphyrin (PpIX) based simultaneous bioburden detection, photoinactivation and therapeutic outcome assessment in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected wounds of mice. METHODS MRSA infected wounds treated with 10% ALA were imaged with help of a blue LED (∼405 nm) based, USB powered, hand held device integrated with a modular graphic user interface (GUI). Effect of ALA application time, bacteria load, post bacteria application time points on wound fluorescence studied. PpIX fluorescence observed after excitation with blue LEDs was used to detect bioburden, start red light mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), determine aPDT effectiveness and assess selectivity of the approach. RESULTS ALA-PpIX fluorescence of wound bed discriminates infected from uninfected wounds and detects clinically relevant load. While wound fluorescence pattern changes as a function of ALA incubation and post infection time, intra-wound inhomogeneity in fluorescence correlates with the Gram staining data on presence of biofilms foci. Lack of red fluorescence from wound granulation tissue treated with ALA suggests selectivity of the approach. Further, significant reduction (∼50%) in red fluorescence, quantified using the GUI, relates well with bacteria load reduction observed post topical aPDT. CONCLUSION The potential of ALA induced PpIX for simultaneous detection of bioburden, photodynamic inactivation and "florescence-guided aPDT assessment" is demonstrated in MRSA infected wounds of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khageswar Sahu
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - Hemant Krishna
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Rashmi Shrivastava
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Anamitra Majumdar
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Anupam Chowdhury
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Sourabrata Chakraborty
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Shovan Kumar Majumder
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Zhang J, Yuan S, Fan M, Wang K, Guo J, Zang A, Ren J, Su W, Zhang C, Xie Y. Photodynamic anticancer activity evaluation of novel 5-aminolevulinic acid and 3-hydroxypyridinone conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117726. [PMID: 38626642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivatives, serving as the endogenous precursor of the photosensitizer (PS) protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), successfully applied in tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). ALA and its derivatives have been used to treat actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and improve the detection of superficial bladder cancer. However, the high hydrophilicity of ALA and the conversion of PpIX to heme have limited the accumulation of PpIX, hindering the efficiency and potential application of ALA-PDT. This study aims to evaluate the PDT activity of three rationally designed series of ALA-HPO prodrugs, which were based on enhancing the lipophilicity of the prodrugs and reducing the labile iron pool (LIP) through HPO iron chelators to promote PpIX accumulation. Twenty-four ALA-HPO conjugates, incorporating amide, amino acid, and ester linkages, were synthesized. Most of the conjugates, exhibited no dark-toxicity to cells, according to bioactivity evaluation. Ester conjugates 19a-g showed promoted phototoxicity when tested on tumor cell lines, and this increased phototoxicity was strongly correlated with elevated PpIX levels. Among them, conjugate 19c emerged as the most promising (HeLa, IC50 = 24.25 ± 1.43 μM; MCF-7, IC50 = 43.30 ± 1.76 μM; A375, IC50 = 28.03 ± 1.00 μM), displaying superior photodynamic anticancer activity to ALA (IC50 > 100 μM). At a concentration of 80 μM, the fluorescence intensity of PpIX induced by compound 19c in HeLa, MCF-7, and A375 cells was 18.9, 5.3, and 2.8 times higher, respectively, than that induced by ALA. In conclusion, cellular phototoxicity showed a strong correlation with intracellular PpIX fluorescence levels, indicating the potential application of ALA-HPO conjugates in ALA-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengli Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaoliang Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keren Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anjie Zang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Tian R, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang L, Wen X. Application of microneedling in photodynamic therapy: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104016. [PMID: 38367923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is pivotal in the management of diverse dermatologic conditions. Microneedling (MN) is a minimally invasive tool that is capable of inducing transient pores on the skin to facilitate transdermal drug delivery. Several studies have reported augmentation of PDT combined with MN. This systematic review analyzes the current studies on the efficacy and safety of MN-assisted PDT for skin diseases. METHODS The literature search using the PRISMA standard was completed through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CENTRAL from the establishment of the databases to November 2023. Two independent researchers finished the procedure. RESULTS A total of 12 articles and 413 subjects met our study criteria. This systematic review suggests that MN-assisted PDT can decrease the incubation time required for the photosensitizer and reduce skin lesions of actinic keratosis (AK) . The common side effect is pain and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS MN is an effective method to increase the transdermal delivery rate of photosensitizers. For different photosensitizers and disease, MN may show different clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Tian
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xunyi Wang
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology/Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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Zdubek A, Maliszewska I. On the Possibility of Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in the Light-Induced Destruction of Microorganisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3590. [PMID: 38612403 PMCID: PMC11011456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a method that specifically kills target cells by combining a photosensitizer and irradiation with light at the appropriate wavelength. The natural amino acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is the precursor of endogenous porphyrins in the heme biosynthesis pathway. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of 5-ALA synthesis in biological hosts. The effectiveness of 5-ALA-aPDI in destroying various groups of pathogens (viruses, fungi, yeasts, parasites) was presented, but greater attention was focused on the antibacterial activity of this technique. Finally, the clinical applications of 5-ALA in therapies using 5-ALA and visible light (treatment of ulcers and disinfection of dental canals) were described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Maliszewska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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Costafrolaz J, Panis G, Casu B, Ardissone S, Degeorges L, Pilhofer M, Viollier PH. Adaptive β-lactam resistance from an inducible efflux pump that is post-translationally regulated by the DjlA co-chaperone. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002040. [PMID: 38051727 PMCID: PMC10754441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) determinants jeopardizes treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics. The tripartite efflux pump AcrAB-NodT confers adaptive MDR in the polarized α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus via transcriptional induction by first-generation quinolone antibiotics. We discovered that overexpression of AcrAB-NodT by mutation or exogenous inducers confers resistance to cephalosporin and penicillin (β-lactam) antibiotics. Combining 2-step mutagenesis-sequencing (Mut-Seq) and cephalosporin-resistant point mutants, we dissected how TipR uses a common operator of the divergent tipR and acrAB-nodT promoter for adaptive and/or potentiated AcrAB-NodT-directed efflux. Chemical screening identified diverse compounds that interfere with DNA binding by TipR or induce its dependent proteolytic turnover. We found that long-term induction of AcrAB-NodT deforms the envelope and that homeostatic control by TipR includes co-induction of the DnaJ-like co-chaperone DjlA, boosting pump assembly and/or capacity in anticipation of envelope stress. Thus, the adaptive MDR regulatory circuitry reconciles drug efflux with co-chaperone function for trans-envelope assemblies and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Costafrolaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Panis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Casu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ardissone
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Degeorges
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pilhofer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick H. Viollier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Szymańska E, Potaś J, Maciejczyk M, Sulewska ME, Pietruska M, Zalewska A, Pietruska A, Winnicka K. Preliminary Assessment of Polysaccharide-Based Emulgels Containing Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid for Oral Lichen planus Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1534. [PMID: 38004400 PMCID: PMC10674658 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy using delta-aminolevulinic acid is considered a promising option in the treatment of oral lichen planus. In the present work, three emulgel compositions prepared from natural polysaccharide gums, tragacanth, xanthan and gellan, were preliminarily tested for oromucosal delivery of delta-aminolevulinic acid. Apart from cytotoxicity studies in two gingival cell lines, the precise goal was to investigate whether the presence of the drug altered the rheological and mucoadhesive behavior of applied gelling agents and to examine how dilution with saliva fluid influenced the retention of the designed emulgels by oromucosal tissue. Ex vivo mucoadhesive studies revealed that a combination of xanthan and gellan gum enhanced carrier retention by buccal tissue even upon dilution with the saliva. In turn, the incorporation of delta-aminolevulinic acid favored interactions with mucosal tissue, particularly formulations comprised of tragacanth. The designed preparations had no significant impact on the cell viability after a 24 h incubation in the tested concentration range. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that tragacanth-based and gellan/xanthan-based emulgels might exert a protective effect on the metabolic activity of human gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Overall, the presented data show the potential of designed emulgels as oromucosal platforms for delta-aminolevulinic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Szymańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Joanna Potaś
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Ewa Sulewska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (M.E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Pietruska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (M.E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry Department, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Pietruska
- Student’s Research Group, Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
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Szymańska E, Potaś J, Baranowski M, Czarnomysy R, Sulewska ME, Basa A, Pietruska M, Bielawski K, Winnicka K. Evaluation of Oromucosal Natural Gum-Based Emulgels as Novel Strategy for Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Premalignant Lesions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2512. [PMID: 37896272 PMCID: PMC10610218 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) recently has been shown as a promising option in the treatment of premalignant lesions of the soft oral tissues. Effective delivery of photosensitizer is challenging due to poor drug adherence to the oromucosal epithelium. In the present work, emulgels composed of natural polysaccharide gums (tragacanth, xanthan and gellan) were evaluated as novel oromucosal platforms of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for PDT. Apart from mucoadhesive and textural analysis, the specific steps involved studies on drug penetration behavior and safety profile using a three-dimensional human oral epithelium model (HOE). All designed emulgels presented greater mucoadhesiveness when compared to commercial oromucosal gel. Incorporation of ALA affected textural properties of emulgels, and tragacanth/xanthan formulation with greater hardness and cohesiveness exhibited a protective function against the mechanical tongue stress. Permeability studies revealed that ALA is capable of penetrating across oromucosal epithelium by passive transport and all formulations promoted its absorption rate when compared to a commercial topical product with ALA. Importantly, the combination of tragacanth and xanthan profoundly enhanced photosensitizer retention in the buccal epithelium. Tested samples performed negligible reduction in cell viability and moderately low IL-1β release, confirming their non-irritancy and compatibility with HOE. Overall, the presented findings indicate that tragacanth/xanthan emulgel holds promise as an oromucosal ALA-carrier for PDT strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Szymańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Joanna Potaś
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Magdalena Ewa Sulewska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (M.E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Basa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pietruska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (M.E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
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Mehta NH, Shah HA, D'Amico RS. Sonodynamic Therapy and Sonosensitizers for Glioma Treatment: A Systematic Qualitative Review. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:60-68. [PMID: 37454909 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as an encouraging noninvasive technique that uses ultrasound to activate targeted agents to induce antitumor effects for the treatment of glioma. With extensive variation in the types of sonosensitizers, protocols for sonication, and model systems, a comprehensive overview of existing preclinical data on the efficacy of SDT in glioma treatment is warranted. Here, we conduct a systematic review of preclinical and early clinical literature on implementing SDT to treat in vitro and in vivo models of glioma. Our findings suggest that coupling sonosensitizers such as 5-aminolevulinic acid, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, and sinoporphyrin sodium with focused ultrasound induces robust cytotoxic activity in tumor cells (in vitro and in vivo). These effects are likely mediated by the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species production, apoptotic signaling cascades, and intracellular calcium overload. Future research is needed to better understand the biochemical and mechanistic properties of SDT, and ongoing trials may help elucidate the clinical feasibility of glioma treatment with optimized sonically activated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel H Mehta
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Harshal A Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital/Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy S D'Amico
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital/Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Hashemkhani M, Celikbas E, Khan M, Sennaroglu A, Yagci Acar H. ALA/Ag 2S/MnO 2 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Image-Guided Long-Wavelength Phototherapy of Breast Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37294926 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on temperature increase and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively, is an exciting avenue to provide local and improved therapy of tumors with minimal off-site toxicity. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is one of the most popular PDT pro-drugs, and its efficiency improves significantly when delivered to tumors with nanoparticles (NPs). But the tumor site's hypoxic environment is a handicap for the oxygen-consuming PDT process. In this work, highly stable, small, theranostic NPs composed of Ag2S quantum dots and MnO2, electrostatically loaded with ALA, were developed for enhanced PDT/PTT combination of tumors. MnO2 catalyzes endogenous H2O2 to O2 conversion and glutathione depletion, enhancing ROS generation and ALA-PDT efficiency. Ag2S quantum dots (AS QDs) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) support MnO2 formation and stabilization around Ag2S. AS-BSA-MnO2 provided a strong intracellular near-infrared (NIR) signal and increased the solution temperature by 15 °C upon laser irradiation at 808 nm (215 mW, 10 mg/mL), proving the hybrid NP as an optically trackable, long-wavelength PTT agent. In the in vitro studies, no significant cytotoxicity was observed in the absence of laser irradiation in healthy (C2C12) or breast cancer cell lines (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231). The most effective phototoxicity was observed when AS-BSA-MnO2-ALA-treated cells were co-irradiated for 5 min with 640 nm (300 mW) and 808 nm (700 mW) due to enhanced ALA-PDT combined with PTT. The viability of cancer cells decreased to approximately 5-10% at 50 μg/mL [Ag], corresponding to 1.6 mM [ALA], whereas at the same concentration, individual PTT and PDT treatments decreased the viability to 55-35%, respectively. The late apoptotic death of the treated cells was mostly correlated with high ROS levels and lactate dehydrogenase. Overall, these hybrid NPs overcome tumor hypoxia, deliver ALA to tumor cells, and provide both NIR tracking and enhanced PDT + PTT combination therapy upon short, low-dose co-irradiation at long wavelengths. These agents that may be utilized for treating other cancer types are also highly suitable for in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Celikbas
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Minahil Khan
- Departments of Physics and Electrical and Electronical Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Departments of Physics and Electrical and Electronical Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- KUYTAM, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Souto EB, da Ana R, Vieira V, Fangueiro JF, Dias-Ferreira J, Cano A, Zielińska A, Silva AM, Staszewski R, Karczewski J. Non-melanoma skin cancers: physio-pathology and role of lipid delivery systems in new chemotherapeutic treatments. Neoplasia 2022; 30:100810. [PMID: 35649306 PMCID: PMC9160356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma carcinoma has high incidence rates and has two most common subtypes: basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This type of carcinoma is usually not fatal; however, it can destroy sensory organs such as the nose, ears, and lips. The treatment of these injuries using non-invasive methods is thus strongly recommended. Some treatments for non-melanoma carcinoma are already well defined, such as surgery, cryosurgery, curettage and electrode section, and radiotherapy; however, these conventional treatments cause inflammation and scarring. In the non-surgical treatment of non-melanoma carcinoma, the topical administration of chemotherapeutic drugs contributes for an effective treatment with reduced side effects. However, the penetration of anticancer drugs in the deeper layers of the skin is required. Lipid delivery systems (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers) have been developed to overcome epidermal barrier of the skin and to allow the drugs to reach tumor cells. These lipid nanoparticles contribute to control the release profile of the loaded chemotherapeutic drugs, maintaining their stability and increasing death of tumor cells. In this review, the characteristics of non-melanoma carcinoma will be discussed, describing the main existing treatments, together with the contribution of lipid delivery systems as an innovative approach to increase the effectiveness of topical therapies for non-melanoma carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel da Ana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Vieira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana F Fangueiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rafał Staszewski
- Department of Hypertension Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Karczewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, H. Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
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12
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Zhou Y, Mo M, Luo D, Yang Y, Hu J, Ye C, Lin L, Xu C, Chen W. Evolutionary Trend Analysis of Research on 5-ALA Delivery and Theranostic Applications Based on a Scientometrics Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071477. [PMID: 35890373 PMCID: PMC9320574 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been extensively studied for its sustainability and broad-spectrum applications in medical research and theranostics, as well as other areas. It’s a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a sustainable endogenous and naturally-existing photosensitizer. However, to the best of our knowledge, a scientometrics study based on the scientific knowledge assay of the overall situation on 5-ALA research has not been reported so far, which would be of major importance to the relevant researchers. In this study, we collected all the research articles published in the last two decades from the Web of Science Core Collection database and employed bibliometric methods to comprehensively analyze the dataset from different perspectives using CiteSpace. A total of 1595 articles were identified. The analysis results showed that China published the largest number of articles, and SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. was the most productive institution that sponsored several of the most productive authors. The cluster analysis and burst detections indicated that the improvement of photodynamic efficacy theranostics is the up-to-date key direction in 5-ALA research. Furthermore, we emphatically studied nanotechnology involvement in 5-ALA delivery and theranostics research. We envision that our results will be beneficial for researchers to have a panorama of and deep insights into this area, thus inspiring further exploitations, especially of the nanomaterial-based systems for 5-ALA delivery and theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.)
- Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Green Energy and Environment Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China;
| | - Mulan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Dexu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jialin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Chenqing Ye
- Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Green Energy and Environment Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China;
| | - Longxiang Lin
- Shenzhen Osteomore Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China;
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research Centre, Westbourne St., Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (W.C.)
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13
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Hashemkhani M, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Yagci Acar H. One-Step Aqueous Synthesis of Anionic and Cationic AgInS 2 Quantum Dots and Their Utility in Improving the Efficacy of ALA-Based Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2846-2863. [PMID: 35104130 PMCID: PMC8895404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver-indium-sulfide quantum dots (AIS QDs) have potential applications in many areas, including biomedicine. Their lack of regulated heavy metals, unlike many commercialized QDs, stands out as an advantage, but the necessity for alloyed or core-shell structures and related costly and sophisticated processes for the production of stable and high quantum yield aqueous AIS QDs are the current challenges. The present study demonstrates the one-step aqueous synthesis of simple AgInS2 QD compositions utilizing for the first time either a polyethyleneimine/2-mercaptopropionic acid (AIS-PEI/2MPA) mixture or only 2-mercaptopropionic acid (AIS-2MPA) as the stabilizing molecules, providing a AgInS2 portfolio consisting of cationic and anionic AIS QDs, respectively, and tuneable emission. Small AIS QDs with long-term stability and high quantum yields (19-23%) were achieved at a molar ratio of Ag/In/S 1/10/10 in water without any dopant or a semiconductor shell. The theranostic potential of these cationic and anionic AIS QDs was also evaluated in vitro. Non-toxic doses were determined, and fluorescence imaging potential was demonstrated. More importantly, these QDs were electrostatically loaded with zwitterionic 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a prodrug to enhance the tumor availability of ALA and to improve ALA-induced porphyrin photodynamic therapy (PDT). This is the first study investigating the influence of nanoparticle charge on ALA binding, release, and therapeutic efficacy. Surface charge was found to be more critical in cellular internalization and dark toxicity rather than drug loading and release. Both QDs provided enhanced ALA release at acidic pH but protected the prodrug at physiological pH, which is critical for tumor delivery of ALA, which suffers from low bioavailability. The PDT efficacy of the ALA-loaded AIS QDs was tested in 2D monolayers and 3D constructs of HT29 and SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines. The incorporation of ALA delivery by the AIS QDs, which on their own do not cause phototoxicity, elicited significant cell death due to enhanced light-induced ROS generation and apoptotic/necrotic cell death, reducing the IC50 for ALA dramatically to about 0.1 and 0.01 mM in anionic and cationic AIS QDs, respectively. Combined with simple synthetic methods, the strong intracellular photoluminescence of AIS QDs, good biocompatibility of especially the anionic AIS QDs, and the ability to act as drug carriers for effective PDT signify that the AIS QDs, in particular AIS-2MPA, are highly promising theranostic QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Graduate
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division
of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and
Surgical Theranostics, University College
London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division
of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and
Surgical Theranostics, University College
London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, U.K.
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Graduate
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Koç University, KUYTAM, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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14
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Helesbeux JJ, Carro L, McCarthy FO, Moreira VM, Giuntini F, O’Boyle N, Matthews SE, Bayraktar G, Bertrand S, Rochais C, Marchand P. 29th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121278. [PMID: 34959677 PMCID: PMC8708472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 29th Annual GP2A (Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical chemistry in Academia) Conference was a virtual event this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and spanned three days from Wednesday 25 to Friday 27 August 2021. The meeting brought together an international delegation of researchers with interests in medicinal chemistry and interfacing disciplines. Abstracts of keynote lectures given by the 10 invited speakers, along with those of the 8 young researcher talks and the 50 flash presentation posters, are included in this report. Like previous editions, the conference was a real success, with high-level scientific discussions on cutting-edge advances in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carro
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Florence O. McCarthy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vânia M. Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Niamh O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan E. Matthews
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Gülşah Bayraktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOmer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie Univ., F-14032 Caen, France;
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-253-009-155
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15
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Hashemkhani M, Demirci G, Bayir A, Muti A, Sennaroglu A, Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Yagci Acar H. Cetuximab-Ag 2S quantum dots for fluorescence imaging and highly effective combination of ALA-based photodynamic/chemo-therapy of colorectal cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14879-14899. [PMID: 34533177 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and urgently needs better therapeutic approaches. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already used in the clinic for several cancers but not yet well investigated for CRC. Currently, systemic administration of ALA offers a limited degree of tumour selectivity, except for intracranial tumours, limiting its wider use in the clinic. The combination of effective ALA-PDT and chemotherapy may provide a promising alternative approach for CRC treatment. Herein, theranostic Ag2S quantum dots (AS-2MPA) optically trackable in near-infrared (NIR), conjugated with endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting Cetuximab (Cet) and loaded with ALA for PDT monotherapy or ALA/5-fluorouracil (5FU) for the combination therapy are proposed for enhanced treatment of EGFR(+) CRC. AS-2MPA-Cet exhibited excellent targeting of the high EGFR expressing cells and showed a strong intracellular signal for NIR optical detection in a comparative study performed on SW480, HCT116, and HT29 cells, which exhibit high, medium and low EGFR expression, respectively. Targeting provided enhanced uptake of the ALA loaded nanoparticles by strong EGFR expressing cells and formation of higher levels of PpIX. Cells also differ in their efficiency to convert ALA to PpIX, and SW480 was the best, followed by HT29, while HCT116 was determined as unsuitable for ALA-PDT. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 2D cell cultures and 3D spheroids of SW480 and HT29 cells using AS-2MPA with either electrostatically loaded, hydrazone or amide linked ALA to achieve different levels of pH or enzyme sensitive release. Most effective phototoxicity was observed in SW480 cells using AS-2MPA-ALA-electrostatic-Cet due to enhanced uptake of the particles, fast ALA release and effective ALA-to-PpIX conversion. Targeted delivery reduced the effective ALA concentration significantly which was further reduced with codelivery of 5FU. Delivery of ALA via covalent linkages was also effective for PDT, but required a longer incubation time for the release of ALA in therapeutic doses. Phototoxicity was correlated with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Hence, both AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet based PDT and AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet-5FU based chemo/PDT combination therapy coupled with strong NIR tracking of the nanoparticles demonstrate an exceptional therapeutic effect on CRC cells and excellent potential for synergistic multistage tumour targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Demirci
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bayir
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Muti
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University, KUYTAM, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
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Vallecorsa P, Di Venosa G, Gola G, Sáenz D, Mamone L, MacRobert AJ, Ramírez J, Casas A. Photodynamic therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid and derivatives. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 221:112244. [PMID: 34174487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The delta-amino acid 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is the precursor of the endogenous photosensitiser Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and is currently approved for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of certain superficial cancers. However, ALA-PDT is not very effective in diseases in which T-cells play a significant role. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) is a group of non-Hodgkin malignant diseases, which includes mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). In previous work, we have designed new ALA esters synthesised by three-component Passerini reactions, and some of them showed higher performance as compared to ALA. This work aimed to determine the efficacy as pro-photosensitisers of five new ALA esters of 2-hydroxy-N-arylacetamides (1f, 1 g, 1 h, 1i and 1 k) of higher lipophilicity than ALA in Myla cells of MF and HuT-78 cells of SS. We have also tested its effectiveness against ALA and the already marketed ALA methyl ester (Me-ALA) and ALA hexyl ester (He-ALA). Both cell Myla and SS cells were effectively and equally photoinactivated by ALA-PDT. Besides, the concentration of ALA required to induce half the maximal porphyrin synthesis was 209 μM for Myla and 169 μM for HuT-78 cells. As a criterion of efficacy, we calculated the concentration of the ALA derivatives necessary to induce half the plateau porphyrin values obtained from ALA. These values were achieved at concentrations 4 and 12 times lower compared to ALA, according to the derivative used. For He-ALA, concentrations were 24 to 25 times lower than required for ALA for inducing comparable porphyrin synthesis in both CTCL cells. The light doses for inducing 50% of cell death (LD50) for He-ALA, 1f, 1 g, 1 h and 1i were around 18 and 25 J/cm2 for Myla and HuT-78 cells respectively, after exposure to 0.05 mM concentrations of the compounds. On the other hand, the LD50s for the compound 1 k were 40 and 57 J/cm2 for Myla and HuT-78, respectively. In contrast, 0.05 mM of ALA and Me-ALA did not provoke photokilling since the concentration employed was far below the porphyrin saturation point for these compounds. Our results suggest the potential use of ALA derivatives for topical application in PDT treatment of MF and extracorporeal PDT for the depletion of activated T-cells in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vallecorsa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Gola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sáenz
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Mamone
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, Unversity College London, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill St, London NW32PF, UK
| | - Javier Ramírez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Li A, Liang C, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang K, Liu J, Shi J. Boosting 5-ALA-based photodynamic therapy by a liposomal nanomedicine through intracellular iron ion regulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1329-1340. [PMID: 34094837 PMCID: PMC8148057 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been approved for clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its negligible photosensitive toxicity. However, the curative effect of 5-ALA is restricted by intracellular biotransformation inactivation of 5-ALA and potential DNA repair of tumor cells. Inspired by the crucial function of iron ions in 5-ALA transformation and DNA repair, a liposomal nanomedicine (MFLs@5-ALA/DFO) with intracellular iron ion regulation property was developed for boosting the PDT of 5-ALA, which was prepared by co-encapsulating 5-ALA and DFO (deferoxamine, a special iron chelator) into the membrane fusion liposomes (MFLs). MFLs@5-ALA/DFO showed an improved pharmaceutical behavior and rapidly fused with tumor cell membrane for 5-ALA and DFO co-delivery. MFLs@5-ALA/DFO could efficiently reduce iron ion, thus blocking the biotransformation of photosensitive protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to heme, realizing significant accumulation of photosensitivity. Meanwhile, the activity of DNA repair enzyme was also inhibited with the reduction of iron ion, resulting in the aggravated DNA damage in tumor cells. Our findings showed MFLs@5-ALA/DFO had potential to be applied for enhanced PDT of 5-ALA.
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Key Words
- 5-ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid
- 5-Aminolevulinic acid
- ALKBH2
- Biotransformation interference
- CH, cholesterol
- CLs, custom liposomes
- Ce6, chlorine e6
- DFO, deferoxamine
- DNA repair inhibition
- DOPC, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DOPE, dioleoyl phosphatidy lethanolamine
- DPPC, dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- Drug delivery
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- Iron ion regulation
- LMPA, low melting point agarose
- MFLs, membrane fusion liposomes
- Membrane fusion liposomes
- NMPA, normal melting point agarose
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PS, photosensitizers
- Photodynamic therapy
- PpIX, protoporphyrin IX
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SM, sphingomyelin
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl trans-ferase dUTP nick end labeling
- calcein-AM/PI, calcein-AM/ propidiumiodide
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Céspedes MA, Saénz DA, Calvo GH, González M, MacRobert AJ, Battah S, Casas AG, Di Venosa GM. Apoptotic cell death induced by dendritic derivatives of aminolevulinic acid in endothelial and foam cells co-cultures. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:489-499. [PMID: 33825180 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective procedure for the treatment of lesions diseases based on the selectivity of a photosensitising compound with the ability to accumulate in the target cell. Atherosclerotic plaque is a suitable target for PDT because of the preferential accumulation of photosensitisers in atherosclerotic plaques. Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers conjugated to drugs. The dendrimers of ALA hold ester bonds that inside the cells are cleaved and release ALA, yielding PpIX production. The dendrimer 6m-ALA was chosen to perform this study since in previous studies it induced the highest porphyrin macrophage: endothelial cell ratio (Rodriguez et al. in Photochem Photobiol Sci 14:1617-1627, 2015). We transformed Raw 264.7 macrophages to foam cells by exposure to oxidised LDLs, and we employed a co-culture model of HMEC-1 endothelial cells and foam cells to study the affinity of ALA dendrimers for the foam cells. In this work it was proposed an in vitro model of atheromatous plaque, the aim was to study the selectivity of an ALA dendrimer for the foam cells as compared to the endothelial cells in a co-culture system and the type of cell death triggered by the photodynamic treatment. The ALA dendrimer 6m-ALA showed selectivity PDT response for foam cells against endothelial cells. A light dose of 1 J/cm2 eliminate foam cells, whereas less than 50% of HMEC-1 is killed, and apoptosis cell death is involved in this process, and no necrosis is present. We propose the use of ALA dendrimers as pro-photosensitisers to be employed in photoangioplasty to aid in the treatment of obstructive cardiovascular diseases, and these molecules can also be employed as a theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela A Céspedes
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Saénz
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo H Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina González
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímica de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120 s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sinan Battah
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Adriana G Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela M Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Li X, Vinothini K, Ramesh T, Rajan M, Ramu A. Combined photodynamic-chemotherapy investigation of cancer cells using carbon quantum dot-based drug carrier system. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:791-804. [PMID: 32420760 PMCID: PMC7301704 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1765431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy have significant advantages for cancer treatments, which have higher therapeutic effects compared with other medicines. Herein, we focused on the synthesis of carbon quantum dot (CQD) based nanocarrier system. CQD and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) were conjugated with mono-(5-BOC-protected-glutamine-6-deoxy) β-cyclodextrin (CQD-Glu-β-CD) moiety, and finally, the anticancer chemotherapy doxorubicin (DOX) drug was loaded in the 5-ALA-CQD-Glu-β-CD system. The stepwise physicochemical changes for the preparation of the DOX loaded 5-ALA-CQD-Glu-β-CD system were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman fluorescence spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency of DOX in 5-ALA-CQD-Glu-β-CD was observed at ∼83.0%, and the loading capacity of DOX is ∼20.37%. The in vitro releasing of DOX and 5-ALA was observed through the UV-vis spectroscopy by the λmax value of 487 nm and 253 nm, respectively. By the investigation against the breast MCF-7 cancer cells, the high cytotoxicity and morphological changes of cancer cells were observed by the treating of DOX/5-ALA-CQD-Glu-β-CD. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 635 nm (25 mW cm-2) for 15 min laser irradiation-induced improved the therapeutic effects. In vitro cellular uptake studies recommend the synthesized DOX/5-ALA-CQD-Glu-β-CD nanocarrier could significantly enhance the cell apoptosis and assist in the MCF-7 cell damages. The result suggests a multifunctional therapeutic system for chemo/photodynamic synergistic effects on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kandasamy Vinothini
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.,Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Andy Ramu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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20
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Tewari KM, Dondi R, Yaghini E, Pourzand C, MacRobert AJ, Eggleston IM. Peptide-targeted dendrimeric prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid: A novel approach towards enhanced accumulation of protoporphyrin IX for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104667. [PMID: 33611140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for the targeted treatment of cancer and various other human disorders. An effective, clinically approved approach in PDT involves the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to generate elevated levels of the natural photosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The development of prodrugs of ALA is of considerable interest as a means to enhance the efficiency and cell selectivity of PpIX accumulation for PDT applications. In this work a novel peptide-targeted dendrimeric prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 13 was synthesised which displays nine copies of ALA on a core structure that is linked to a homing peptide for targeted delivery to a specific cancer cell type. The synthesis was accomplished effectively via a flexible, modular solid phase and solution phase route, using a combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry. The prodrug system shows a sustained and enhanced production of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the MDA-MB-231 cell line that over-expresses the epidernal growth factor receptor (EGFR+) in comparison to equimolar ALA and the corresponding non-targeted ALA dendrimer (nine copies of ALA). This study provides a proof of concept for the development of a new generation of prodrugs for ALA-based photodynamic therapy that can deliver an enhanced ALA payload to specific tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tewari
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - R Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, UK
| | - C Pourzand
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, UK
| | - I M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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21
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Li K, Dong W, Miao Y, Liu Q, Qiu L, Lin J. Dual-targeted 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives with glutathione depletion function for enhanced photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 215:112107. [PMID: 33401190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising tumor therapy which utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROSs) to cause tumor cells death. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and two of its esters are FDA-approved photosensitizers. However, their clinical application suffers from their instability and lack of tumor selectivity. In addition, the overexpression of glutathione (GSH) in some tumor cells reduces the PDT efficiency due to the ROS-scavenging ability of GSH. In this work, we present three multifunctional ALA derivates with the characteristics of dual-targeting and GSH depletion to improve the therapeutic effect of ALA-based PDT. The general structure of these compounds consists of an ALA methyl ester (ALA-OMe) moiety that can metabolize to photosensitive protoporphyin IX (PpIX) inside the cells, a biotin group for targeting biotin receptor-positive tumor cells and a disulfide bond-based self-immolative linker which can be activated by GSH to liberate ALA-OMe. Simultaneously, the reaction between the disulfide bond and GSH also depletes intracellular GSH, causing tumor cells more vulnerable to ROSs. All three compounds exhibited high stability under physiological conditions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the more lipophilic compounds 1 and 2 were much more efficient in inducing PpIX production in biotin receptor-overexpressed HeLa cells as compared with their parent compound (ALA-OMe). And the PpIX generation induced by compounds 1 and 2 was positively correlated with the overexpression of biotin receptor and GSH level in tumor cells. More importantly, the GSH depletion ability of them significantly increased their phototoxicity. Furthermore, in comparison with ALA-OMe, compound 2 showed much higher in vivo efficiency in PpIX production. All the results demonstrate that the combination strategy of dual-targeting and GSH depletion can be used to concurrently enhance the tumor-specificity and anti-tumor efficiency of ALA-based PDT. And this strategy may be used for designing other ALA-based photosensitizers with higher tumor-specificity and better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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22
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Lee CN, Hsu R, Chen H, Wong TW. Daylight Photodynamic Therapy: An Update. Molecules 2020; 25:E5195. [PMID: 33171665 PMCID: PMC7664668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) uses sunlight as a light source to treat superficial skin cancer. Using sunlight as a therapeutic device has been present for centuries, forming the basis of photodynamic therapy in the 20th century. Compared to conventional PDT, dPDT can be a less painful, more convenient and an effective alternative. The first clinical uses of dPDT on skin cancers began in Copenhagen in 2008. Currently, aminolevulinic acid-mediated dPDT has been approved to treat actinic keratosis patients in Europe. In this review article, we introduce the history and mechanism of dPDT and focus on the pros and cons of dPDT in treating superficial skin cancers. The future applications of dPDT on other skin diseases are expected to expand as conventional PDT evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaw-Ning Lee
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-N.L.); (R.H.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Rosie Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-N.L.); (R.H.); (H.C.)
| | - Hsuan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-N.L.); (R.H.); (H.C.)
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-N.L.); (R.H.); (H.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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23
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Xu X, Huang B, Zeng Z, Chen J, Huang Z, Guan Z, Chen M, Huang Y, Zhao C. Broaden sources and reduce expenditure: Tumor-specific transformable oxidative stress nanoamplifier enabling economized photodynamic therapy for reinforced oxidation therapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:10513-10530. [PMID: 32929363 PMCID: PMC7482813 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells immersed in inherent oxidative stress are more vulnerable to exogenous oxidative damages than normal cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidation therapy preferentially aggravating tumor oxidative stress to disrupt redox homeostasis, has emerged as an effective and specific anticancer treatment. Herein, following an ingenious strategy of “broaden sources and reduce expenditure”, we designed a versatile tumor-specific oxidative stress nanoamplifier enabling economized photodynamic therapy (PDT), to achieve synergistic oxidative stress explosion for superior oxidation therapy. Methods: Cinnamaldehyde (CA) as a therapeutic ROS generator was first conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) through acid-labile hydrazone bond to synthesize tailored amphiphilic HA@CA conjugates, which could surprisingly self-assemble into uniform nanofibers in aqueous media. Photosensitizer protoporphyrin (PpIX) was efficiently encapsulated into HA@CA nanofibers and transformed HA@CA nanofibers to final spherical HA@CAP. Results: With beneficial pH-responsiveness and morphology transformation, improved bioavailability and selective tumor accumulation, HA@CAP combining ROS-based dual chemo/photodynamic treatment modalities could induce cytotoxic ROS generation in a two-pronged approach to amplify tumor oxidative stress, termed “broaden sources”. Moreover, utilizing CA-induced H2O2 production and cascaded Fenton reaction in mitochondria to consume intracellular overloaded Fe(II), HA@CAP could skillfully block endogenic heme biosynthesis pathway on site to restrain undesired elimination of PpIX for economized PDT, termed “reduce expenditure”. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the superior antitumor performance of HA@CAP. Conclusion: This study offered an inspiring strategy of “broaden sources and reduce expenditure” to specifically boost tumor oxidative stress for reinforced oxidation therapy.
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24
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Nompumelelo Simelane NW, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41560-41576. [PMID: 35516575 PMCID: PMC9058000 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the various photo diagnostic and treatment methods utilized for CRC, over the last seven years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Johannesburg
- Johannesburg 2028
- South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Johannesburg
- Johannesburg 2028
- South Africa
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25
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Chaves OA, Menezes LB, Iglesias BA. Multiple spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of meso-tetra-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin‑ruthenium(II) complexes in HSA-binding studies. Effect of Zn(II) in protein binding. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Li K, Dong W, Qiu L, Liu Q, Lv G, Peng Y, Xie M, Lin J. A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111582. [PMID: 31398615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its two ester derivatives (5-ALA-OMe and 5-ALA-OHex) have been approved for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors in the clinical. However, their pharmacological activities are limited by their instability under physiological conditions and lack of tumor selectivity. With the aim to overcome these shortcomings, a glutathione-responsive 5-ALA derivative (SA) was designed based on the fact that many types of tumor cells have higher intracellular glutathione level than normal cells. SA was synthesized by masking the 5-amion group of 5-ALA methyl ester (5-ALA-OMe) with a self-immolative disulfide linker. Compared with 5-ALA and 5-ALA-OMe, SA exhibited higher stability under physiological conditions, and it can efficiently release the parent compound 5-ALA-OMe in response to glutathione. In tumor cells, SA displayed excellent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) production activity at low concentrations while 5-ALA and 5-ALA-OMe were ineffective at the same concentration. The SA-induced PpIX production was positively correlated with the intracellular glutathione level, and SA exhibited enhanced phototoxicity due to its excellent PpIX generation activity. This study indicates that modification of the amino group in 5-ALA derivatives with a self-immolative disulfide linker is an effective strategy to improve their chemical stability and pharmacological activities, and SA is a potential photosensitizer for photodiagnosis and PDT of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China; School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China
| | - Gaochao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China
| | - Minhao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, PR China.
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27
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McNicholas K, MacGregor MN, Gleadle JM. In order for the light to shine so brightly, the darkness must be present-why do cancers fluoresce with 5-aminolaevulinic acid? Br J Cancer 2019; 121:631-639. [PMID: 31406300 PMCID: PMC6889380 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis and therapy have emerged as a promising tool in oncology. Using the visible fluorescence from photosensitisers excited by light, clinicians can both identify and treat tumour cells in situ. Protoporphyrin IX, produced in the penultimate step of the haem synthesis pathway, is a naturally occurring photosensitiser that visibly fluoresces when exposed to light. This fluorescence is enhanced considerably by the exogenous administration of the substrate 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA). Significantly, 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulates preferentially in cancer cells, and this enhanced fluorescence has been harnessed for the detection and photodynamic treatment of brain, skin and bladder tumours. However, surprisingly little is known about the mechanistic basis for this phenomenon. This review focuses on alterations in the haem pathway in cancer and considers the unique features of the cancer environment, such as altered glucose metabolism, oncogenic mutations and hypoxia, and their potential effects on the protoporphyrin IX phenomenon. A better understanding of why cancer cells fluoresce with 5-ALA would improve its use in cancer diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym McNicholas
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Melanie N MacGregor
- Future Industries Institute, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
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