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Aguirre G, Billon L. Water-borne synthesis of multi-responsive and biodegradable chitosan-crosslinked microgels: Towards self-assembled films with adaptable properties. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121099. [PMID: 37479432 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims in the synthesis of new biodegradable stimuli-responsive microgels with controllable microstructure and with the ability to form cohesive films. Such self-assembled films by water evaporation at ambient conditions without any chemicals but just physical entanglements between soft colloid shell, present adaptable mechanical, adhesive and mechano-electrical properties. For that, oligo(ethylene glycol)-based stimuli-responsive microgels have been synthesized using biodegradable chitosan-methacrylates (Chi-MAs) with different degree of substitution (DS) as unique cross-linking agents by precipitation polymerization in water, for the first time. In all the cases, the microgels present thermo-responsiveness with hysteresis between heating and cooling cycles. However, this behavior is tuned and controlled using different types and amounts of Chi-MAs. In addition, the type of Chi-MA used can control microgels' microstructure as well as their enzymatic biodegradation. In addition, spontaneous cohesive films formation from colloidal aqueous dispersion with sol-gel transition is demonstrated. The films present tunable mechanical and adhesive properties through microgels' microstructure and enhanced mechano-electrical properties triggered by simple finger pressure (10-15 N). As self-supported films are able to encapsulate different types of active molecules, this study paves the way for suitable self-assembled microgel films for skincare applications as transdermal delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garbine Aguirre
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France; Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - Laurent Billon
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France; Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
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Aguirre G, Marcasuzaa P, Billon L. Soft Self-Assembled Mechanoelectrical Transducer Films from Conductive Microgel Waterborne Dispersions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37268429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims in the developing of new soft transducers based on sophisticated stimuli-responsive microgels that exhibit spontaneous self-assembly forming cohesive films with conductive and mechanoelectrical properties. For that, oligo(ethylene glycol)-based stimuli-responsive microgels have been synthesized using bio-inspired catechol cross-linkers by one-step batch precipitation polymerization in aqueous media. Then, 3,4-ethylene dioxyyhiophene (EDOT) has been directly polymerized onto stimuli-responsive microgels using catechol groups as the unique dopant. PEDOT location is dependent on the cross-linking density of microgel particles and EDOT amount used. Moreover, the spontaneous cohesive film formation ability of the waterborne dispersion after evaporation at soft application temperature is demonstrated. The films obtained present conductivity and enhanced mechanoelectrical properties triggered by simple finger compression. Both properties are function of the cross-linking density of the microgel seed particles and PEDOT amount incorporated. In addition, to obtain maximum electrical potential generated and the possibility to amplify it, several films in series were demonstrated to be efficient. The present material can be a potential candidate for biomedical, cosmetic, and bioelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garbine Aguirre
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Pierre Marcasuzaa
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Laurent Billon
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
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3
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Dong X, Sheng K, Chen Z, Guo C, Huang J, Gu Y. Electron Beam Etching of Cellulose Microgels for Absorptive Separation of DMSO from Reactions of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201755. [PMID: 36282629 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient method for the separation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by the specific adsorption of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with cellulose microgels fabricated by electron beam irradiation was developed. The cellulose microgel was recovered and reused although this was accompanied by a decrease in the separation efficiency. A series of characterizations, including ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and swelling ability tests, were performed to determine the adsorption behavior of the chemical structures of the microgel toward DMSO. The results showed that after the first run, the chemical structure of the recovered microgel did not change significantly. Electron-beam etching played a pivotal role in conferring a special capacity for enriching DMSO in its matrix on the microgel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Keyan Sheng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
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Xu Y, Zhu H, Denduluri A, Ou Y, Erkamp NA, Qi R, Shen Y, Knowles TPJ. Recent Advances in Microgels: From Biomolecules to Functionality. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200180. [PMID: 35790106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emerging applications of hydrogel materials at different length scales, in areas ranging from sustainability to health, have driven the progress in the design and manufacturing of microgels. Microgels can provide miniaturized, monodisperse, and regulatable compartments, which can be spatially separated or interconnected. These microscopic materials provide novel opportunities for generating biomimetic cell culture environments and are thus key to the advances of modern biomedical research. The evolution of the physical and chemical properties has, furthermore, highlighted the potentials of microgels in the context of materials science and bioengineering. This review describes the recent research progress in the fabrication, characterization, and applications of microgels generated from biomolecular building blocks. A key enabling technology allowing the tailoring of the properties of microgels is their synthesis through microfluidic technologies, and this paper highlights recent advances in these areas and their impact on expanding the physicochemical parameter space accessible using microgels. This review finally discusses the emerging roles that microgels play in liquid-liquid phase separation, micromechanics, biosensors, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Akhila Denduluri
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nadia A Erkamp
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Runzhang Qi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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Aguirre G, Taboada P, Billon L. Spontaneously Self-Assembled Microgel Film as Co-Delivery System for Skincare Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1422. [PMID: 34575498 PMCID: PMC8472779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the design of innovative delivery systems is driving new product developments in the field of skincare. In this regard, serving as potential candidates for on-demand drug delivery and fulfilling advanced mechanical and optical properties together with surface protection, spontaneously self-assembled microgel films can be proposed as ideal smart skincare systems. Currently, the high encapsulation of more than one drug simultaneously in a film is a very challenging task. Herein, different ratios (1:1, 3:1, 9:1) of different mixtures of hydrophilic/hydrophobic UVA/UVB-absorbers working together in synergy and used for skin protection were encapsulated efficiently into spontaneously self-assembled microgel films. In addition, in vitro release profiles show a controlled release of the different active molecules regulated by the pH and temperature of the medium. The analysis of the release mechanisms by the Peppas-Sahlin model indicated a superposition of diffusion-controlled and swelling-controlled releases. Finally, the distribution of active molecule mixtures into the film was studied by confocal Raman microscopy imaging corroborating the release profiles obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garbine Aguirre
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques & de PhysicoChimie pour l’Environnement & les Matériaux, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France;
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group, Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Particle Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, 15782 Campus Sur, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Laurent Billon
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques & de PhysicoChimie pour l’Environnement & les Matériaux, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France;
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group, Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Angot, 64000 Pau, France
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Pickering emulsions stabilized by thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol)-based microgels: Effect of temperature-sensitivity on emulsion stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:96-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Microgel structure-driven linear and non-linear mechanical properties of self-assembled microgel films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Microgels self-assembly at liquid/liquid interface as stabilizers of emulsion: Past, present & future. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 287:102333. [PMID: 33360120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most recent developments on Pickering emulsions deal with the design of responsive emulsions able to undergo fast destabilization under the effect of an external stimulus. In this scenario, soft colloidal particles like microgels are considered novel class suitable emulsifiers. Microgels particles self-assemblies are highly deformable at interfaces covering higher surfaces than hard particles and their interfacial behavior strongly depends on external-stimuli. Microgels are very diverse owing to the large variety of them from the point of view of possible combinations of stimuli-responsiveness and different microstructures (crosslinking density and distribution). Herein, we illustrate the use of different types of responsive microgels not only from a structural point of view but also even from physical one. For that, the effect of different microgels parameters such as internal structure and charge density on mechanical properties of the interface will be discussed.
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Microstructure-driven self-assembly and rheological properties of multi-responsive soft microgel suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:806-815. [PMID: 32814199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESES The deformation and swelling ability of microgels is influenced by the crosslinking distribution. Varying microgels microstructure is expected to obtain suspensions with different flow behavior and thereby, different rheological properties. EXPERIMENTS Different multi-responsive microgels were synthesized using two different crosslinkers and varying their amounts: N,N-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (OEGDA). The rheological results were obtained by zero-shear viscosity and long-time creep measurements on concentrated microgel suspensions Microgel microstructure was analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation measurements. FINDINGS At a constant crosslinking rate, we show that the viscosity of OEGDA-crosslinked microgels diverges at a higher concentration than MBA ones, suggesting a looser shell and less restricted dangling chains at the periphery for the later. By scaling with the effective volume fraction, the viscosity curves of the different microgel suspensions reduce into a single curve and closely follow hard sphere models up to ϕeff < 0.45. The results from creep tests revealed a much higher yield stress for MBA-crosslinked microgels, strengthening the hypothesis of a looser shell for the later. Finally, transverse relaxation (T2) NMR measurements demonstrated that, although all microgels exhibit a core-shell microstructure, MBA samples present a less crosslinked shell corroborating with the rheological results.
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Huerta-Ángeles G, Brandejsová M, Kopecká K, Ondreáš F, Medek T, Židek O, Kulhánek J, Vagnerová H, Velebný V. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Undecylenic Acid Grafted to Hyaluronan for Encapsulation of Antioxidants and Chemical Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:E35. [PMID: 31878337 PMCID: PMC7023664 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new amphiphilic derivative made of 10-undecylenic acid grafted to hyaluronan was prepared by mixed anhydrides. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the effect of the molecular weight (Mw), reaction time, and the molar ratio of reagents was explored. Using this methodology, a degree of substitution up to 50% can be obtained. The viscosity of the conjugate can be controlled by varying the substitution degree. The physicochemical characterization of the modified hyaluronan was performed by infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Size-Exclusion Chromatography combined with Multiangle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), and rheology. The low proton motility and self-aggregation of the amphiphilic conjugate produced overestimation of the degree of substitution. Thus, a novel method using proton NMR was developed. Encapsulation of model hydrophobic guest molecules, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and α-tocopherol into the micellar core was also investigated by solvent evaporation. HA-UDA amphiphiles were also shown to self-assemble into spherical nanostructures (about 300 nm) in water as established by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, HA-UDA was crosslinked via radical polymerization mediated by ammonium persulphate (APS/TEMED). The cross-linking was also tested by photo-polymerization catalyzed by Irgacure 2959. The presence of the hydrophobic moiety decreases the swelling degree of the prepared hydrogels compared to methacrylated-HA. Here, we report a novel hybrid hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel system of physically encapsulated active compounds and chemical crosslinking for potential applications in drug delivery.
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Mawele Loudy C, Allouche J, Bousquet A, Courrèges C, Martinez H, Billon L. Core@Corona Functional Nanoparticle-Driven Rod-Coil Diblock Copolymer Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16925-16934. [PMID: 31756101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel strategy to overcome the influence of π-π stacking on the rod-coil copolymer organization is reported. A diblock copolymer poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (P3HT-b-PEGMA) was synthesized by the Huisgen cycloaddition, so-called "click chemistry", combining the PEGMA and P3HT blocks synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization, respectively. Using a dip-coating process, we controlled the original film organization of the diblock copolymer by the crystallization of the P3HT block via π-π stacking. The morphology of the P3HT-b-PEGMA films was influenced by the incorporation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) coated by poly(ethylene glycol) ligands. Indeed, the crystalline structuration of the P3HT sequence was counterbalanced by the addition in the film of gold nanoparticles finely localized within the copolymer PEGMA matrix. Transmission electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis validated the GNP homogeneous localization into the compatible PEGMA phase. Differential scanning calorimetry showed the rod block crystallization disruption. A morphological transition of the self-assembly is observed by atomic force microscopy from P3HT fibrils into out-of-plane cylinders driven by the nanophase segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coste Mawele Loudy
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 Hélioparc , 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
- Bio-inspired Materials Group: Functionality & Self-assembly, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 , Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Joachim Allouche
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 Hélioparc , 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 Hélioparc , 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Cécile Courrèges
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 Hélioparc , 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Hervé Martinez
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 Hélioparc , 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Billon
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 Hélioparc , 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
- Bio-inspired Materials Group: Functionality & Self-assembly, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour , IPREM CNRS-UMR 5254 , Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
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Nasimova IR, Vyshivannaya OV, Gallyamov MO, Kozhunova EY. Thermo- and pH-Sensitive Microgels Based on Interpenetrating Networks as Components for Creating Polymeric Materials. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Aguirre G, Deniau E, Brûlet A, Chougrani K, Alard V, Billon L. Versatile oligo(ethylene glycol)-based biocompatible microgels for loading/release of active bio(macro)molecules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:445-453. [PMID: 30572152 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims in the understanding of the effect of oligo(ethylene glycol)-based biocompatible microgels inner structure on the encapsulation/release mechanisms of different types of cosmetic active molecules. For that, multi-responsive microgels were synthesized using three types of cross-linkers: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), oligo(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (OEGDA) and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The inner morphology of the microgels synthesized was studied by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques and no effect of cross-linker type on microgel microstructure was observed in the case of analysing purified microgel dispersions. Moreover, all the microgels synthesized presented conventional swelling/de-swelling behavior as a function of temperature and pH. Two hydrophobic, one hydrophilic, and one macromolecule as cosmetic active molecules were effectively loaded into different microgel particles via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions between -OH groups of active molecules and ether oxygens of different microgel particles. Their release profiles as a function of cross-linker type used and encapsulated amounts were studied by Peppas-Sahlin model. No effect of the cross-linker type was observed due to the similar inner structure of all the microgels synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garbine Aguirre
- Université de Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymères, 2 avenue du Président Angot, Pau F-64053, France; Bio-inspired Materials Group: Functionality & Self-assembly, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, 2 avenue du Président Angot, Pau F-64053, France
| | - Elise Deniau
- Université de Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymères, 2 avenue du Président Angot, Pau F-64053, France
| | - Annie Brûlet
- UMR12 CEA CNRS CEA Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Kamel Chougrani
- LVMH Recherche Parfums et Cosmétiques, 185 Av. De Verdun, St Jean de Braye F-45804, France
| | - Valérie Alard
- LVMH Recherche Parfums et Cosmétiques, 185 Av. De Verdun, St Jean de Braye F-45804, France
| | - Laurent Billon
- Université de Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymères, 2 avenue du Président Angot, Pau F-64053, France; Bio-inspired Materials Group: Functionality & Self-assembly, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, 2 avenue du Président Angot, Pau F-64053, France.
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Agrawal G, Agrawal R. Functional Microgels: Recent Advances in Their Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801724. [PMID: 30035853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, a spotlight is shown on aqueous microgel particles which exhibit a great potential for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, cell imaging, and tissue engineering. Herein, different synthetic methods to develop microgels with desirable functionality and properties along with degradable strategies to ensure their renal clearance are briefly presented. A special focus is given on the ability of microgels to respond to various stimuli such as temperature, pH, redox potential, magnetic field, light, etc., which helps not only to adjust their physical and chemical properties, and degradability on demand, but also the release of encapsulated bioactive molecules and thus making them suitable for drug delivery. Furthermore, recent developments in using the functional microgels for cell imaging and tissue regeneration are reviewed. The results reviewed here encourage the development of a new class of microgels which are able to intelligently perform in a complex biological environment. Finally, various challenges and possibilities are discussed in order to achieve their successful clinical use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agrawal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Paper Mill Road, Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA
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