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Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhang H. Highly-ordered assembled organic fluorescent materials for high-resolution bio-sensing: a review. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2019-2032. [PMID: 38469672 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02070c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Organic fluorescent materials (OFMs) play a crucial role in the development of biosensors, enabling the extraction of biochemical information within cells and organisms, extending to the human body. Concurrently, OFM biosensors contribute significantly to the progress of modern medical and biological research. However, the practical applications of OFM biosensors face challenges, including issues related to low resolution, dispersivity, and stability. To overcome these challenges, scientists have introduced interactive elements to enhance the order of OFMs. Highly-ordered assembled OFMs represent a novel material type applied to biosensors. In comparison to conventional fluorescent materials, highly-ordered assembled OFMs typically exhibit robust anti-diffusion properties, high imaging contrast, and excellent stability. This approach has emerged as a promising method for effectively tracking bio-signals, particularly in the non-invasive monitoring of chronic diseases. This review introduces several highly-ordered assembled OFMs used in biosensors and also discusses various interactions that are responsible for their assembly, such as hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, dipole-dipole interaction, and ion electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, it delves into the various applications of these biosensors while addressing the drawbacks that currently limit their commercial application. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for designing high-performance, highly-ordered assembled OFM biosensors suitable for practical applications. Additionally, it sheds light on the evolving trends in OFM biosensors and their application fields, offering valuable insights into the future of this dynamic research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Zilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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2
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Wan Q, Thompson BC. Control of Properties through Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305356. [PMID: 37946703 PMCID: PMC10885672 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular design is crucial for endowing conjugated polymers (CPs) with unique properties and enhanced electronic performance. Introducing Hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) into CPs has been a broadly exploited, yet still emerging strategy capable of tuning a range of properties encompassing solubility, crystallinity, electronic properties, solid-state morphology, and stability, as well as mechanical properties and self-healing properties. Different H-bonding groups can be utilized to tailor CPs properties based on the applications of interest. This review provides an overview of classes of H-bonding CPs (assorted by the different H-bond functional groups), the synthetic methods to introduce the corresponding H-bond functional groups and the impact of H-bonding in CPs on corresponding electronic and materials properties. Recent advances in addressing the trade-off between electronic performance and mechanical durability are also highlighted. Furthermore, insights into future directions and prospects for H-bonded CPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
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3
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Xue X, Li C, Shangguan Z, Gao C, Chenchai K, Liao J, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Intrinsically Stretchable and Healable Polymer Semiconductors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305800. [PMID: 38115748 PMCID: PMC10885676 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, polymer semiconductors, extensively employed as charge transport layers in devices like organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have undergone thorough investigation due to their capacity for large-area solution processing, making them promising for mass production. Research efforts have been twofold: enhancing the charge mobilities of polymer semiconductors and augmenting their mechanical properties to meet the demands of flexible devices. Significant progress has been made in both realms, propelling the practical application of polymer semiconductors in flexible electronics. However, integrating excellent semiconducting and mechanical properties into a single polymer still remains a significant challenge. This review intends to introduce the design strategies and discuss the properties of high-charge mobility stretchable conjugated polymers. In addition, another key challenge faced in this cutting-edge field is maintaining stable semiconducting performance during long-term mechanical deformations. Therefore, this review also discusses the development of healable polymer semiconductors as a promising avenue to improve the lifetime of stretchable device. In conclusion, challenges and outline future research perspectives in this interdisciplinary field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chenchai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junchao Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Wu N, Huang G, Huang H, Wang Y, Gu X, Wang X, Qiu L. Achieving High Performance Stretchable Conjugated Polymers via Donor Structure Engineering. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300169. [PMID: 37191155 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A backbone engineering strategy is developed to tune the mechanical and electrical properties of conjugated polymer semiconductors. Four Donor-Acceptor (D-A) polymers, named PTDPPSe, PTDPPTT, PTDPPBT, and PTDPPTVT, are synthesized using selenophene (Se), thienothiophene (TT), bithiophene (BT), and thienylenevinylenethiophene (TVT) as the donors and siloxane side chain modified diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as acceptor. The influences of the donor structure on the polymer energy level, film morphology, molecular stacking, carrier transport properties, and tensile properties are all examined. The films of PTDPPSe show the best stretchability with crack-onset-strain greater than 100%, but the worst electrical properties with a mobility of only 0.54 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The replacement of the Se donor with larger conjugated donors, that is, TT, BT, and TVT, significantly improves the mobility of conjugated polymers but also leads to reduced stretchability. Remarkably, PTDPPBT exhibits moderate stretchability with crack-onset-strain ≈50% and excellent electrical properties. At 50% strain, it has a mobility of 2.37 cm2 V-1 s-1 parallel to the stretched direction, which is higher than the mobility of most stretchable conjugated polymers in this stretching state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Gang Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hua Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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5
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Humphreys J, Killalea CE, Pop F, Davies ES, Siligardi G, Amabilino DB. Self-assembly of chiral diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophores giving supramolecular chains in monolayers and twisted microtapes. Chirality 2023; 35:281-297. [PMID: 36760121 PMCID: PMC10947275 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral diketopyrrolopyrroles appended with enantiomeric ethyl lactate functions through an ether linkage to the aryl backbone of the chromophore were synthesized via the Mitsunobu reaction. The molecules have good solubility and excellent optical properties, high molar absorption coefficients, and fluorescence quantum yields. Helical aggregates with circular dichroism arising from the supramolecular arrangement are seen in both solution and thin films, and the aggregates also display circularly polarized luminescence (glum ≈ ±0.1). The molecules assemble to give monolayers on graphite and precipitate from solution forming supramolecular twisted tapes hundreds of microns long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Humphreys
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - C. Elizabeth Killalea
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Flavia Pop
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Present address:
MOLTECH‐Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRSUniversity of AngersAngersFrance
| | | | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshireUK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB‐CSIC)Campus Universitari de CerdanyolaBarcelonaSpain
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6
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Zhou Y, Li L, Han Z, Li Q, He J, Wang Q. Self-Healing Polymers for Electronics and Energy Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:558-612. [PMID: 36260027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are extensively exploited as active materials in a variety of electronics and energy devices because of their tailorable electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, facile processability, and they are lightweight. The polymer devices integrated with self-healing ability offer enhanced reliability, durability, and sustainability. In this Review, we provide an update on the major advancements in the applications of self-healing polymers in the devices, including energy devices, electronic components, optoelectronics, and dielectrics. The differences in fundamental mechanisms and healing strategies between mechanical fracture and electrical breakdown of polymers are underlined. The key concepts of self-healing polymer devices for repairing mechanical integrity and restoring their functions and device performance in response to mechanical and electrical damage are outlined. The advantages and limitations of the current approaches to self-healing polymer devices are systematically summarized. Challenges and future research opportunities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhubing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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7
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Chen J, Wang Z, Deng Z, Chen L, Wu X, Gao Y, Hu Y, Li M, Wang H. Hydrogen bonding-induced high-performance stretchable organic semiconductors: a Review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1200644. [PMID: 37153530 PMCID: PMC10160365 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductors are widely used in electron devices. With the development of wearable soft-electron devices, conventional inorganic semiconductors are unable to meet the demand because of their high rigidity and high cost. Thus, scientists construct organic semiconductors with high charge mobility, low cost, eco-friendly, stretchable, etc. Due to the excellent performance of stretchable organic semiconductors, they can be widely used as wearable soft-electron devices, such as stretchable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic solar cells (OSCs), etc. Contains flexible display devices and flexible power sources, which are of great interest for applications of future electron devices. However, there are still some challenges that need to be solved. Commonly, enhancing the stretchability may cause the degradation of charge mobility, because of the destruction of the conjugated system. Currently, scientists find that hydrogen bonding can enhance the stretchability of organic semiconductors with high charge mobility. Thus in this review, based on the structure and design strategies of hydrogen bonding, various hydrogen bonding induced stretchable organic semiconductors are introduced. In addition, the applications of the hydrogen bonding induced stretchable organic semiconductors are reviewed. Finally, the stretchable organic semiconductors design concept and potential evolution trends are discussed. The final goal is to outline a theoretical scaffold for the design of high-performance wearable soft-electron devices, which can also further advance the development of stretchable organic semiconductors for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Deng, ; Hongzhen Wang,
| | - Ligui Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yihan Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumeng Hu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Deng, ; Hongzhen Wang,
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8
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Nachaki EO, Leonik FM, Kuroda DG. Effect of the N-Alkyl Side Chain on the Amide-Water Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8290-8299. [PMID: 36219826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amide-water interactions influence the structure and functions of amide-based systems, such as proteins and homopolymers. In particular, the N-alkylation of the amide unit appears to play a critical role in defining the interactions of the amide group. Previous studies have linked the thermal behavior of amide-based polymers to the nature of their N-alkyl side chain. However, the connection between the chemical structure of the N-alkyl and the hydration of the amide remains elusive. In this study, the solvation structure and dynamics of amides, having differing N-alkyl groups, are investigated using a combination of linear and nonlinear infrared spectroscopies and computational methods. Interestingly, the dynamics of the amide local environment do not slow down as the N-alkyl side chain becomes bulkier, but rather speeds up. Computational calculations confirm the hydration dynamics and assign the effect to smaller amplitude and faster rotations of the bulkier group. It is also observed experimentally that the hydrogen-bond making and breaking between water and the amide carbonyl do not directly relate to the size of the N-alkyl side chain. The bulkier N-isopropyl substituent presents significantly slower chemical exchange dynamics than smaller chains (ethyl and methyl), but the two small groups do not present a major difference. The hydrogen-bond making and breaking disparities and similarities among groups are well modeled by the theory demonstrating that the N-alkyl group affects the amide hydration structure and dynamics via a steric effect. In summary, the results presented here show that the size of the N-substituted alkyl group significantly influences the hydration dynamics of amides and stress the importance of considering this effect on much larger systems, such as polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest O Nachaki
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
| | - Fedra M Leonik
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
| | - Daniel G Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
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9
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Park JS, Kim GU, Lee S, Lee JW, Li S, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Material Design and Device Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201623. [PMID: 35765775 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have greatly enhanced their commercial viability. Considering the technical standards (e.g., mechanical robustness) required for wearable electronics, which are promising application platforms for OSCs, the development of fully stretchable OSCs (f-SOSCs) should be accelerated. Here, a comprehensive overview of f-SOSCs, which are aimed to reliably operate under various forms of mechanical stress, including bending and multidirectional stretching, is provided. First, the mechanical requirements of f-SOSCs, in terms of tensile and cohesion/adhesion properties, are summarized along with the experimental methods to evaluate those properties. Second, essential studies to make each layer of f-SOSCs stretchable and efficient are discussed, emphasizing strategies to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of the active layer, ranging from material design to fabrication control. Key improvements to the other components/layers (i.e., substrate, electrodes, and interlayers) are also covered. Lastly, considering that f-SOSC research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future prospects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang K, Huang W. Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110639. [PMID: 35261083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly planar, extended π-electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high-mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high-mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field-effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond-containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self-healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high-mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- CAS key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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11
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Zheng Y, Zhang S, Tok JBH, Bao Z. Molecular Design of Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors: Current Progress and Future Directions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4699-4715. [PMID: 35262336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors have advanced rapidly in the past decade as materials required to realize conformable and soft skin-like electronics become available. Through rational molecular-level design, stretchable polymer semiconductor films are now able to retain their electrical functionalities even when subjected to repeated mechanical deformations. Furthermore, their charge-carrier mobilities are on par with the best flexible polymer semiconductors, with some even exceeding that of amorphous silicon. The key advancements are molecular-design concepts that allow multiple strain energy-dissipation mechanisms, while maintaining efficient charge-transport pathways over multiple length scales. In this perspective article, we review recent approaches to confer stretchability to polymer semiconductors while maintaining high charge carrier mobilities, with emphasis on the control of both polymer-chain dynamics and thin-film morphology. Additionally, we present molecular design considerations toward intrinsically elastic semiconductors that are needed for reliable device operation under reversible and repeated deformation. A general approach involving inducing polymer semiconductor nanoconfinement allows for incorporation of several other desired functionalities, such as biodegradability, self-healing, and photopatternability, while enhancing the charge transport. Lastly, we point out future directions, including advancing the fundamental understanding of morphology evolution and its correlation with the change of charge transport under strain, and needs for strain-resilient polymer semiconductors with high mobility retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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12
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Mason GT, Nyayachavadi A, Mooney M, Schlingman K, Rondeau‐Gagné S. PAMAM
‐containing semiconducting polymers: Effect of dendritic side chains on optoelectronic and
solid‐state
properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gage T. Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Kory Schlingman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
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13
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Taheri HE, Ocheje MU, St. Onge PBJ, Rondeau-Gagné S, Mirhassani M. Computational Design of an Integrated CMOS Readout Circuit for Sensing With Organic Field-Effect Transistors. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.725008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are at the forefront of next generation electronics. This class of devices is particularly promising due to the possibility of fabrication on mechanically compliant and conformable substrates, and potential manufacturing at large scale through solution deposition techniques. However, their integration in circuits, especially using stretchable materials, is still challenging. In this work, the design and implementation of a novel structure for an integrated CMOS readout circuitry is presented and its fundamentals of operation are provided. Critical for sensing applications, the readout circuitry described is highly linear. Moreover, as several sources of mismatch and error are present in CMOS and OFET devices, a calibration technique is used to cancel out all the mismatches, thus delivering a reliable output. The readout circuit is verified in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The maximum total power consumption in the proposed readout circuit is less than 571 μW, while fully loaded calibration circuit consumes a power less than 153 μW, making it suitable for sensors applications. Based on previously reported high mobility and stretchable semiconducting polymers, this new design and readout circuitry is an important step toward a broader utilization of OFETs and the design of stretchable sensors.
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14
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Dauzon E, Sallenave X, Plesse C, Goubard F, Amassian A, Anthopoulos TD. Pushing the Limits of Flexibility and Stretchability of Solar Cells: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101469. [PMID: 34297433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging forms of soft, flexible, and stretchable electronics promise to revolutionize the electronics industries of the future offering radically new products that combine multiple functionalities, including power generation, with arbitrary form factor. For example, skin-like electronics promise to transform the human-machine-interface, but the softness of the skin is incompatible with traditional electronic components. To address this issue, new strategies toward soft and wearable electronic systems are currently being pursued, which also include stretchable photovoltaics as self-powering systems for use in autonomous and stretchable electronics of the future. Here recent developments in the field of stretchable photovoltaics are reviewed and their potential for various emerging applications are examined. Emphasis is placed on the different strategies to induce stretchability including extrinsic and intrinsic approaches. In the former case, engineering and patterning of the materials and devices are key elements while intrinsically stretchable systems rely on mechanically compliant materials such as elastomers and organic conjugated polymers. The result is a review article that provides a comprehensive summary of the progress to date in the field of stretchable solar cells from the nanoscale to macroscopic functional devices. The article is concluded by discussing the emerging trends and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dauzon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cedric Plesse
- LPPI, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy, 95000, France
| | | | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Zhang S, Galuska LA, Gu X. Water‐assisted
mechanical testing of polymeric
thin‐films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Luke A. Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
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16
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Mullin WJ, Sharber SA, Thomas SW. Optimizing the
self‐assembly
of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed
non‐covalent
control. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Sharber
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
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17
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Mooney M, Wang Y, Nyayachavadi A, Zhang S, Gu X, Rondeau-Gagné S. Enhancing the Solubility of Semiconducting Polymers in Eco-Friendly Solvents with Carbohydrate-Containing Side Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25175-25185. [PMID: 34006092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers are at the forefront of next-generation organic electronics due to their robust mechanical and optoelectronic properties. However, their extended π-conjugation often leads to materials with low solubilities in common organic solvents, thus requiring processing in high-boiling-point and toxic halogenated solvents to generate thin-film devices. To address this environmental concern, a natural product-inspired side-chain engineering approach was used to incorporate galactose-containing moieties into semiconducting polymers toward improved processability in greener solvents. Novel isoindigo-based polymers with different ratios of galactose-containing side chains were synthesized to improve the solubilities of the organic semiconductors in alcohol-based solvents. The addition of carbohydrate-containing side chains to π-conjugated polymers was found to considerably impact the intermolecular aggregation of the materials and their microstructures in the solid state as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The charge transport characteristics of the new semiconductors were evaluated by the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors prepared from both toxic halogenated and greener alcohol-based solvents. Importantly, the incorporation of carbohydrate-containing side chains was shown to have very little detrimental impact on the electronic properties of the polymer when processed from green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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18
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K N, Rout CS. Conducting polymers: a comprehensive review on recent advances in synthesis, properties and applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5659-5697. [PMID: 35686160 PMCID: PMC9133880 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07800j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers are extensively studied due to their outstanding properties, including tunable electrical property, optical and high mechanical properties, easy synthesis and effortless fabrication and high environmental stability over conventional inorganic materials. Although conducting polymers have a lot of limitations in their pristine form, hybridization with other materials overcomes these limitations. The synergetic effects of conducting polymer composites give them wide applications in electrical, electronics and optoelectronic fields. An in-depth analysis of composites of conducting polymers with carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, transition metals and transition metal dichalcogenides etc. is used to study them effectively. Here in this review we seek to describe the transport models which help to explain the conduction mechanism, relevant synthesis approaches, and physical properties, including electrical, optical and mechanical properties. Recent developments in their applications in the fields of energy storage, photocatalysis, anti-corrosion coatings, biomedical applications and sensing applications are also explained. Structural properties play an important role in the performance of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namsheer K
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus Jakkasandra, Ramanagaram Bangalore-562112 India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Rout
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus Jakkasandra, Ramanagaram Bangalore-562112 India
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19
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Özen B, Candau N, Temiz C, Grozema FC, Stoclet G, Plummer CJG, Frauenrath H. Semiaromatic polyamides with enhanced charge carrier mobility. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The control of local order in polymer semiconductors using non-covalent interactions may be used to engineer materials with interesting combinations of mechanical and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Özen
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Candau
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cansel Temiz
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Netherlands
| | | | - Grégory Stoclet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christopher J. G. Plummer
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Bai L, Han Y, Sun C, An X, Wei C, Liu W, Xu M, Sun L, Sun N, Yu M, Zhang H, Wei Q, Xu C, Yang Y, Qin T, Xie L, Lin J, Huang W. Unveiling the Effects of Interchain Hydrogen Bonds on Solution Gelation and Mechanical Properties of Diarylfluorene-Based Semiconductor Polymers. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:3405826. [PMID: 33083787 PMCID: PMC7545494 DOI: 10.34133/2020/3405826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically rigid and limited strain of most conjugated polymers has encouraged us to optimize the extensible properties of conjugated polymers. Herein, learning from the hydrogen bonds in glucose, which were facilitated to the toughness enhancement of cellulose, we introduced interchain hydrogen bonds to polydiarylfluorene by amide-containing side chains. Through tuning the copolymerization ratio, we systematically investigated their influence on the hierarchical condensed structures, rheology behavior, tensile performances, and optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. Compared to the reference copolymers with a low ratio of amide units, copolymers with 30% and 40% amide units present a feature of the shear-thinning process that resembled the non-Newtonian fluid, which was enabled by the interchain dynamic hydrogen bonds. Besides, we developed a practical and universal method for measuring the intrinsic mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. We demonstrated the significant impact of hydrogen bonds in solution gelation, material crystallization, and thin film stretchability. Impressively, the breaking elongation for P4 was even up to ~30%, which confirmed the partially enhanced film ductility and toughness due to the increased amide groups. Furthermore, polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) based on these copolymers presented comparable performances and stable electroluminescence (EL). Thin films of these copolymers also exhibited random laser emission with the threshold as low as 0.52 μJ/cm2, suggesting the wide prospective application in the field of flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubing Bai
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yamin Han
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiang An
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Electronic Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Man Xu
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Zhang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Electronic Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.,Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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21
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Lin YC, Chen CK, Chiang YC, Hung CC, Fu MC, Inagaki S, Chueh CC, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Study on Intrinsic Stretchability of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based π-Conjugated Copolymers with Poly(acryl amide) Side Chains for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33014-33027. [PMID: 32536156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of a π-conjugated polymer with hydrogen-bonding moieties has aroused great attention because of the improved molecular stacking and the hydrogen-bonding network. In this study, PDPPTVT (diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophenevinylenethiophene) and PDPPSe (diketopyrrolopyrrole-selenophene) alkylated with a carbosilane (SiC8) side chain and poly(acryl amide) (PAM)-incorporated alkyl side chain were prepared, and their structure-performance and structure-stretchability correlation were evaluated. By incorporating the DPPTVT backbone and 0, 5, 10, or 20% PAM-incorporated alkyl side chain, the μh value could reach 2.0, 0.97, 0.74, and 0.42 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively (P1 to P4). The polymer with the PDPPSe backbone and 5% PAM-incorporated alkyl side-chain (P5) exhibited the maximum μh value of 0.96 cm2 V-1 s-1. By extending the PAM moiety from the backbone with alkyl spacers, the solid-state packing and edge-on orientation can be properly maintained. Surprisingly, the PAM-incorporated alkyl side-chain can provide a hydrogen-bonding network serving as sacrificial bonding to mechanical deformation. Therefore, the relevant changes in the crystallographic parameters including the crystalline size and the in-plane π-π stacking distance with a 100% external strain were less than 4 and 0.8%, respectively, from P1 to P3. Therefore, P3 achieved an excellent stretchability while maintaining its molecular orientation and charge-transporting performance. Even with 100% external strain, P3 still provided an orthogonal μh over 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1. Moreover, by substituting the TVT moiety with the Se moiety, the ductility of the backbone can be further increased when the elastic modulus decreases from 0.80 to 0.36 GPa for P2 to P5. The achieved high μh retention is over 20% after 500 stretching-releasing cycles with a 60% external strain perpendicular to the channel direction for the polymer composed of PDPPSe and 5% PAM content. The results manifest that our newly designed DPP with the PAM-incorporated alkyl side chain provides a promising approach to promote the intrinsic stretchability of the π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chun Fu
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Inagaki
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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22
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Galuska LA, McNutt WW, Qian Z, Zhang S, Weller DW, Dhakal S, King ER, Morgan SE, Azoulay JD, Mei J, Gu X. Impact of Backbone Rigidity on the Thermomechanical Properties of Semiconducting Polymers with Conjugation Break Spacers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - William W. McNutt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Daniel W. Weller
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Sujata Dhakal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Eric R. King
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Sarah E. Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jason D. Azoulay
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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23
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Pei D, Wang Z, Peng Z, Zhang J, Deng Y, Han Y, Ye L, Geng Y. Impact of Molecular Weight on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of a High-Mobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Pei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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24
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Prakoso SP, Kumar S, Wu SL, Ciou GT, Ke YJ, Venkateswarlu S, Tao YT, Wang CL. n-Type Thin-Film Transistors Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives: Role of Siloxane Side Chains and Electron-Withdrawing Substituents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1169-1178. [PMID: 31840487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties, packing, morphology, and semiconducting performance of a planar π-conjugated system can be effectively modified by introducing side chains and substituent groups, both of which can be complementary to the π framework in changing the intermolecular association, frontier molecular orbital energy, optical band gap, and others. We herein show that installation of end-capped electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs), such as dicyanovinyl (-DCV), 3-ethylrhodanine (-RD), and 2-(3-oxo-indan-1-ylidene)-malononitrile (-INCN), together with siloxane side chains to the backbones of dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPT), such as DPPT-Si-DCV, DPPT-Si-RD, and DPPT-Si-INCN, can greatly improve its solubility, air stability, and film morphology to serve as an n-channel in thin-film transistor fabrication. The EWGs attached to the DPPT core narrowed the optical band gap (Egopt) and changed the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies (EHOMO and ELUMO), making them suitable for n-channel field-effect transistor (FET) applications. The benefits of introducing siloxane side chains to the DPPT core include enhanced solubility, low crystallization barrier, enantiotropic phase behavior, and much improved FET performance. The DPPT-Si-INCN film displayed low-lying HOMO (-5.82 eV) and LUMO (-4.60 eV) energy levels and an optical band gap as low as 1.22 eV, all of which suggest that this derivative can be quite resistant toward aerial oxidation. Thin films of these derivatives were prepared by the solution-shear method. A comparison of the solution-sheared films indicated that the molecular packing motif of DPPT-Si-INCN film was somehow different from that of DPPT-Si-DCV and DPPT-Si-RD, in which the π-π stacking tended to align orthogonally to the shearing direction. This specific π-π stacking alignment could have an impact on the electron mobility (μe) values in transistors based on the solution-sheared films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhendro Purbo Prakoso
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta-Shue Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , 128 Section 2, Academia Road , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program , Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta-Shue Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - San-Lien Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta-Shue Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Ciou
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta-Shue Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jin Ke
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , 128 Section 2, Academia Road , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Samala Venkateswarlu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta-Shue Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , 128 Section 2, Academia Road , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program , Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , 128 Section 2, Academia Road , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta-Shue Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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Tahir MN, Abdulhamied E, Nyayachavadi A, Selivanova M, Eichhorn SH, Rondeau-Gagné S. Topochemical Polymerization of a Nematic Tetraazaporphyrin Derivative To Generate Soluble Polydiacetylene Nanowires. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15158-15167. [PMID: 31682125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polydiacetylenes are well-established one-dimensional organic semiconductors that have been generated by photochemical and thermal polymerizations of diacetylenes in single crystals, gel phases, thin films, and membranes. Their formation in mesophases, such as liquid crystals, has been surprisingly little studied although higher-ordered mesophases should support the topochemical polymerization of diacetylenes (1,3-butadiyne groups) and may give access to large domains of uniformly aligned materials. The polymerization of diacetylenes in a mesophase may also increase the stability of the self-assembled supramolecular structure. Here, the dye and discotic mesogen tetraazaporphyrin was decorated with eight diacetylene-containing alkyl chains to probe its mesomorphism and conversion into multifunctional polydiacetylene materials. While the incorporation of diacetylene groups supports columnar mesomorphism, successful photopolymerization required the presence of directing amide groups that suppressed columnar in favor of nematic mesomorphism. Still, the polymerization of the nematic mesophase generated a soluble nematic polydiacetylene of significantly higher molecular weight (Mn = 77 kDa or 25 monomer units by gel permeation chromatography) than what has been obtained in gel phases of related compounds. The formation of polydiacetylene was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, and its nematic structure was verified by UV-vis spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Both its nematic structure and the incorporation of eight side chains per discotic unit provide the polydiacetylene with sufficient solubility for casting thin films on substrates. Atomic force microscopy studies of films on silicon wafers revealed a grid-like structure of connected nanofibers. This study demonstrates the requirements for the formation of multifunctional mesomorphic polydiacetylene materials from mesomorphic precursors and their advantages. Optimization of the presented molecular design should give access to other mesophases and, consequently, functional polydiacetylene materials with tunable structures and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazir Tahir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Elmahdy Abdulhamied
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Mariia Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - S Holger Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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26
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. The Effects of Side Chains on the Charge Mobilities and Functionalities of Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers beyond Solubilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903104. [PMID: 31483542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of semiconducting polymers in terms of high charge mobilities and applications in transistors. Significant efforts have been made to develop various conjugated frameworks and linkers. However, studies are increasingly demonstrating that the side chains of semiconducting polymers can significantly affect interchain packing, thin film crystallinity, and thus semiconducting performance. Ways to modify the side alkyl chains to improve the interchain packing order and charge mobilities for conjugated polymers are first discussed. It is shown that modifying the branching chains by moving the branching points away from the backbones can boost the charge mobilities, which can also be improved through partially replacing branching chains with linear ones. Second, the effects of side chains with heteroatoms and functional groups are discussed. The siloxane-terminated side chains are utilized to enhance the semiconducting properties. The fluorinated alkyl chains are beneficial for improving both charge mobility and air stability. Incorporating H bonding group side chains can improve thin film crystallinities and boost charge mobilities. Notably, incorporating functional groups (e.g., glycol, tetrathiafulvalene, and thymine) into side chains can improve the selectivity of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors, while photochromic group containing side chains in conjugated polymers result in photoresponsive semiconductors and optically tunable FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Pignanelli J, Billet B, Straeten M, Prado M, Schlingman K, Ahamed MJ, Rondeau-Gagné S. Imine and metal-ligand dynamic bonds in soft polymers for autonomous self-healing capacitive-based pressure sensors. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7654-7662. [PMID: 31486472 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile and simple yet effective method to generate intrinsic autonomous self-healing polymers was developed, leading to new materials that can be easily fine-tuned both mechanically and chemically. The new materials were designed to incorporate two dynamic and reversible types of chemical bonds, namely dynamic imine and metal-coordinating bonds, to enable autonomous self-healing, controlled degradability and ultra-high tunable stretchability (up to 800% strain) based on the ratio of metal to ligand incorporated. Through an easy condensation reaction, imine bonds are generated at the end-termini of a short siloxane chain. The new dynamic system was characterized by a variety of techniques, including tensile-pull strain testing, atomic force microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed that the highly dynamic imine bonds, combined with coordination with Fe2+ ions, allow for the material to regenerate 88% of its mechanical strength after physical damage. The materials were also controlled to be degraded in mild acidic conditions. Lastly, application in self-healable electronics was demonstrated through the fabrication of a capacitive-based pressure sensor, which shows good sensitivity and dynamic response (∼0.33 kPa-1) before and after healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pignanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Matthew Straeten
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Michaela Prado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kory Schlingman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Mohammed Jalal Ahamed
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
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28
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Qian Z, Cao Z, Galuska L, Zhang S, Xu J, Gu X. Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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29
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Gasperini A, Wang GJN, Molina-Lopez F, Wu HC, Lopez J, Xu J, Luo S, Zhou D, Xue G, Tok JBH, Bao Z. Characterization of Hydrogen Bonding Formation and Breaking in Semiconducting Polymers under Mechanical Strain. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gasperini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Ging-Ji Nathan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Francisco Molina-Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jeffery B.-H. Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
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30
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Lin YC, Shih CC, Chiang YC, Chen CK, Chen WC. Intrinsically stretchable isoindigo–bithiophene conjugated copolymers using poly(acrylate amide) side chains for organic field-effect transistors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00845d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable isoindigo–bithiophene conjugated copolymers for organic field-effect transistors with high carrier mobility were achieved using hydrogen-bonded poly(acrylate amide) side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
| | - Yun-Chih Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
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