1
|
Hof C, Khan MF, Murphy CD. Endogenous production of 2-phenylethanol by Cunninghamella echinulata inhibits biofilm growth of the fungus. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1384-1388. [PMID: 37993249 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Cunninghamella echinulata is a model of mammalian xenobiotic metabolism. Under certain conditions it grows as a biofilm, which is a natural form of immobilisation and enables the fungus to catalyse repeated biotransformations. Putative signalling molecules produced by other Cunninghamella spp., such as 3-hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, do not affect the biofilm growth of C. echinulata, suggesting that it employs a different molecule to regulate biofilm growth. In this paper we report that 2-phenylethanol is produced in higher concentrations in planktonic cultures of C. echinulata than when the fungus is grown as a biofilm. We demonstrate that exogenously added 2-phenylethanol inhibits biofilm growth of C. echinulata but has no effect on planktonic growth. Furthermore, we show that addition of 2-phenylethanol to established C. echinulata biofilm causes detachment. Therefore, we conclude that this molecule is produced by the fungus to regulate biofilm growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Hof
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohd Faheem Khan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aamer M, Siddiqui M, Jabeen A, Irshad R, Khan FA, Atia-Tul-Wahab, Choudhary MI, Wang Y. Structural transformation of methasterone with Cunninghamella blakesleeana and Macrophomina phaseolina. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9494-9500. [PMID: 35424863 PMCID: PMC8985176 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An anabolic-androgenic synthetic steroidal drug, methasterone (1) was transformed by two fungi, Cunninghamella blakesleeana and Macrophimina phaseclina. A total of six transformed products, 6β,7β,17β-trihydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-3-one (2), 6β,7α,17β-trihydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-3-one (3), 6α,17β-dihydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-3,7-dione (4), 3β,6β,17β-trihydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-7-one (5), 7α,17β-dihydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-3-one (6), and 6β,9α,17β-trihydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-3-one (7) were synthesized. Among those, compounds 2-5, and 7 were identified as new transformed products. MS, NMR, and other spectroscopic techniques were performed for the characterization of all compounds. Substrate 1 (IC50 = 23.9 ± 0.2 μg mL-1) showed a remarkable anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production, in comparison to standard LNMMA (IC50 = 24.2 ± 0.8 μg mL-1). Whereas, its metabolites 2, and 7 showed moderate inhibition with IC50 values of 38.1 ± 0.5 μg mL-1, and 40.2 ± 3.3 μg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, substrate 1 was found to be cytotoxic for the human normal cell line (BJ) with an IC50 of 8.01 ± 0.52 μg mL-1, while metabolites 2-7 were identified as non-cytotoxic. Compounds 1-7 showed no cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (breast cancer), NCI-H460 (lung cancer), and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamer
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Irshad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan
| | - Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan
- Third World Center (TWC) for Chemical Sciences, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul-Wahab
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah-21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao Y, Lee IS. Effects of Microbial Transformation on the Biological Activities of Prenylated Chalcones from Angelica keiskei. Foods 2022; 11:543. [PMID: 35206019 PMCID: PMC8871312 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial transformation is an alternative method for structural modification. The current study aimed at application of microbial transformation for discovering new derivatives and investigating the structure-activity relationship of isobavachalcone (1), 4-hydroxyderricin (2), and xanthoangelol (3) isolated from the herb Angelica keiskei. In the initial screening process, 1-3 were incubated with microbes using a two-stage fermentation method and analyzed through TLC monitoring. The screening results showed that Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor hiemalis were able to transform 1 and 2, respectively. Additionally, M. hiemalis and Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora were able to transform 3. Following scale-up fermentation, four new (4, 5, 7, and 10) and five known (6, 8, 9, 11, and 12) metabolites were produced. Cytotoxicity of all the compounds (1-12) was investigated using three human cancer cell lines including A375P, HT-29, and MCF-7 by MTT method. Meanwhile, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 1-12 was evaluated using l-tyrosine as a substrate. Overall, 1 and 3 displayed the highest cytotoxicity, and 5 and 7 exhibited the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with relatively low cytotoxicity. This allowed us to postulate that the introduction of 4'-O-glucopyranosyl group led to the reduction in cytotoxicity and improvement in tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ik-Soo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pereira dos Santos VH, Coelho Neto DM, Lacerda Júnior V, Borges WDS, de Oliveira Silva E. Fungal Biotransformation: An Efficient Approach for Stereoselective Chemical Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201111203506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in developing chemical technologies to achieve regioselective
and stereoselective reactions since only one enantiomer is required for producing the
chiral leads for drug development. These selective reactions are provided by traditional
chemical synthetic methods, even under expensive catalysts and long reaction times. Filamentous
fungi are efficient biocatalysts capable of catalyzing a wide variety of reactions with
significant contributions to the development of clean and selective processes. Although some
enzymes have already been employed in isolated forms or as crude protein extracts as catalysts
for conducting selective reactions, the use of whole-cell provides advantages regarding
cofactor regenerations. It is also possible to carry out conversions at chemically unreactive
positions and to perform racemic resolution through microbial transformation. The current
literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of different compounds by fungi, which generated chemical
analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological
interest in the development of stereoselective chemical technologies, this review covers the biotransformations catalyzed
by fungi that yielded chiral products with enantiomeric excesses published over the period 2010-2020. This
work highlights new approaches for the achievement of a variety of bioactive chiral building blocks, which can be a
good starting point for the synthesis of new compounds combining biotransformation and synthetic organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliane de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou C, Lei T, Wei XZ, Ye C, Liu Z, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Metal-Free, Redox-Neutral, Site-Selective Access to Heteroarylamine via Direct Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling Powered by Visible Light Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16805-16813. [PMID: 32897073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-N bond-forming reactions have emerged as fundamental and powerful tools to construct arylamines, a common structure found in drug agents, natural products, and fine chemicals. Reported herein is an alternative access to heteroarylamine via radical-radical cross-coupling pathway, powered by visible light catalysis without any aid of external oxidant and reductant. Only by visible light irradiation of a photocatalyst, such as a metal-free photocatalyst, does the cascade single-electron transfer event for amines and heteroaryl nitriles occur, demonstrated by steady-state and transient spectroscopic studies, resulting in an amine radical cation and aryl radical anion in situ for C-N bond formation. The metal-free and redox economic nature, high efficiency, and site-selectivity of C-N cross-coupling of a range of available amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines with heteroaryl nitriles make this protocol promising in both academic and industrial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Siddiqui M, Atia-tul-Wahab, Jabeen A, Wang Y, Wang W, Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. Whole-cell fungal-mediated structural transformation of anabolic drug metenolone acetate into potent anti-inflammatory metabolites. J Adv Res 2020; 24:69-78. [PMID: 32195009 PMCID: PMC7076145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new derivatives, 6α-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (2), 6α,17β-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en (3), 7β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (4), 15β,20-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (5), 15β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (6), 12β,17β-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien (11), and 7β,15β,17β-trihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en (14), along with six known metabolites, 17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien (7), 17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en (8), 17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5β-androst-1-en (9), 1-methyl-5β-androst-1-en-3,17-dione (10), 1-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (12), and 17β-hydroxy-1α-methyl-5α-androstan-3-one (13) of metenolone acetate (1), were synthesized through whole-cell biocatalysis with Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus alliaceous, Fusarium lini, and Cunninghamella elegans. Atamestane (12), an aromatase inhibitor, was synthesized for the first time via F. lini-mediated transformation of 1 as the major product. Hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and reduction were occurred during biocatalysis. Study indicated that F. lini was able to catalyze dehydrogenation reactions selectively. Structures of compounds 1-14 were determined through NMR, HRFAB-MS, and IR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-14 were identified as non-cytotoxic against BJ human fibroblast cell line (ATCC CRL-2522). Metabolite 5 (81.0 ± 2.5%) showed a potent activity against TNF-α production, as compared to the substrate 1 (62.5 ± 4.4%). Metabolites 2 (73.4 ± 0.6%), 8 (69.7 ± 1.4%), 10 (73.2 ± 0.3%), 11 (60.1 ± 3.3%), and 12 (71.0 ± 7.2%), also showed a good inhibition of TNF-α production. Compounds 3 (IC50 = 4.4 ± 0.01 µg/mL), and 5 (IC50 = 10.2 ± 0.01 µg/mL) showed a significant activity against T-cell proliferation. Identification of selective inhibitors of TNF-α production, and T-cell proliferation is a step forward towards the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Atta-ur-Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|