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Wang J, Liu M, Zhang X, Wang X, Xiong M, Luo D. Stimuli-responsive linkers and their application in molecular imaging. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230027. [PMID: 39175888 PMCID: PMC11335469 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is a non-invasive imaging method that is widely used for visualization and detection of biological events at cellular or molecular levels. Stimuli-responsive linkers that can be selectively cleaved by specific biomarkers at desired sites to release or activate imaging agents are appealing tools to improve the specificity, sensitivity, and efficacy of molecular imaging. This review summarizes the recent advances of stimuli-responsive linkers and their application in molecular imaging, highlighting the potential of these linkers in the design of activatable molecular imaging probes. It is hoped that this review could inspire more research interests in the development of responsive linkers and associated imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Menghua Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouP. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Dong Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouP. R. China
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Chethanakumar, Budri MB, Gudasi KB, Vadavi RS, Patil MK, Kumbar VM, Inamdar SR. Tri-armed Schiff base fluorescent sensor for the rapid recognition of Zn(II): application in live cell imaging, test strips and TLC. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4743-4754. [PMID: 38952194 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Various metal ions exist in nature and human beings and play limitless vital roles in both the atmosphere and biology. A fundamental and useful aspect is the qualitative and quantitative assessment of Zn(II) at concentration levels as low as parts per billion (ppb). Thus, the design and development of novel fluorescent turn-on receptors have gained significant interest because of their potential for use in live cell imaging to detect biologically relevant metal ions with high selectivity and sensitivity. The present research illustrates the design and synthesis of a novel fluorescent sensor [(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(hydrazine-2-yl-1-ylidene)tris(methaneylylidene)]tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) (THDBP) for the selective and sensitive probing of Zn(II). The sensor exhibited a fluorescence turn-on mechanism upon treatment with Zn(II) ions at λemi. 503 nm in aq. acetonitrile. The formation of a 1 : 3 complex between THDBP and Zn(II) is confirmed from the Job plot and ESI-MS spectrum. The evaluated limit of detection (LOD) and association constant (Ka) of the sensor THDBP for Zn(II) were found to be 1.03 × 10-10 M and 2.33 × 108 M-1, respectively. Further research demonstrates the practical application of the sensor for the detection of Zn(II) ions in live cells. The sensing ability of the sensor THDBP was also explored through inexpensive test strips and TLC sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | - Mahantesh B Budri
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | | | - Ramesh S Vadavi
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | - Mallikarjun K Patil
- Department of Physics, Laser Spectroscopy (DRDO/KU) Programme, Karnatak University, 580003, Dharwad, India
| | - Vijay M Kumbar
- Dr Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), 590010, Belagavi, India
| | - Sanjeev R Inamdar
- Department of Physics, Laser Spectroscopy (DRDO/KU) Programme, Karnatak University, 580003, Dharwad, India
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Chethanakumar, Budri MB, Gudasi KB, Vadavi RS, Patil MK, Kumbar VM, Inamdar SR. A pyrene-induced PET-based chemosensor for biologically important Zn(II) ions: application in test strips and live cell imaging studies. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1934-1947. [PMID: 38497319 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cation and anion sensing is vital owing to their universal dispersion in ecosystems and biological functions. It has been shown that fluorescent receptors based on organic platforms are efficient for detecting a number of ions and have many advantages such as low cost, superior sensitivity and simplicity in installation. This study demonstrates the design and synthesis of a novel receptor (E)-3-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-2-(pyren-1-yl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (DTQ) for the rapid recognition of Zn(II) ions. DTQ exhibited a significant fluorometric "turn-on" characteristic towards Zn(II) at λmax 444 nm in aqueous acetonitrile by inhibiting the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and -CN- process. The ESI-MS analysis and Job's plot experimental results confirmed stoichiometric 1 : 1 complex formation between DTQ and Zn(II). Fluorometric investigations revealed the detection limit and association constant of DTQ towards Zn(II), which were found to be 13.4 nM and 1.47 × 105 M-1, respectively. DTQ was employed to sense Zn(II) on low-cost test strips. The present research findings imply that DTQ can function as an effective sensor for Zn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | - Mahantesh B Budri
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | | | - Ramesh S Vadavi
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | - Mallikarjun K Patil
- Laser Spectroscopy (DRDO/KU) Programme, Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - Vijay M Kumbar
- Dr Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, 590010, India
| | - Sanjeev R Inamdar
- Laser Spectroscopy (DRDO/KU) Programme, Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
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Patil N, Dhake R, Phalak R, Fegade U, Ramalingan C, Saravanan V, Altalhi T. A Colorimetric Distinct Color Change Cu(II) 4-{[1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one Chemosensor and its Application as a Paper Test Kit. J Fluoresc 2022; 33:1089-1099. [PMID: 36574186 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the current research work "4-{[1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one" chemosensor (C1) synthesized by condensation reaction using "4-amino-1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one" and "2,5-dihydroxy actophenone" was used as the effective sensor of metal ion. The C1 shows absorption peak at 326 nm due to the C = C bond (π-π* transition), while the absorption peak at 364 nm is caused by the C = O bond (n-π* transition). In the presence of copper, C1 only demonstrated a redshift in absorption peak from 364 to 425 nm. Even in the presence of other competing metal ions, the hypsochromic shift of the absorption band and the quenching of the fluorescence emission intensity were different for detecting Cu2+, in CH3OH-H2O (v/v = 6:4). The capacity of the C1 to bind with Cu2+ was further proved using DFT simulations. The complex C1 + Cu2+ has a HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 2.8002 eV, which is lesser than C1 (2.9991 eV) showing improvement in the stability of the C1 + Cu2+ complex. Using the Benesi-Hildebrand and Scatchard plots, calculated Kb values were to be 47,340 and 48369 M-1 respectively, showing the creation of stable complexation between Cu2+ and C1 with 1:1 stoichiometry. The limit of detection (LOD) for Cu2+ ion was 649 nM. Strip sheets were also built and tested to detect varying amounts of Cu2+ in aqueous solution, and their color change suggested that they might be used for on-site Cu2+ detection in polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Patil
- Department of Chemistry, D. D. N. Bhole College, Bhusawal, Jalgaon, 425201, MH, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bhusawal Arts, Science and P. O. Nahata Commerce College, Bhusawal, Jalgaon, 425201, MH, India
| | - Rajesh Dhake
- Department of Chemistry, D. D. N. Bhole College, Bhusawal, Jalgaon, 425201, MH, India.
| | - Raju Phalak
- Department of Chemistry, D. D. N. Bhole College, Bhusawal, Jalgaon, 425201, MH, India
| | - Umesh Fegade
- Department of Chemistry, Bhusawal Arts, Science and P. O. Nahata Commerce College, Bhusawal, Jalgaon, 425201, MH, India.
| | - Chennan Ramalingan
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to Be University), Krishnankoil, 626 126, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vadivel Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to Be University), Krishnankoil, 626 126, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Aydin D, Alici MK. Phenolphthalein Conjugated Schiff Base as a Dual Emissive Fluorogenic Probe for the Recognition Aluminum (III) and Zinc (II) Ions. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:797-805. [PMID: 33713010 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new phenolphthalein derivative, FFIZNA, has been planned and successfully prepared in an uncomplicated way. The probe FFIZNA could selectively monitor Al3+ and Zn2+ among other relevant cations with diverse colors through a turn-on emission response in EtOH:HEPES (9/1;v/v) media owing to the chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF), prevention of ESIPT, -C=N- isomerization and PET of the probe FFIZNA. The interactions of Al3+ and Zn2+ with the probe FFIZNA were confirmed by emission spectroscopy, Job's plot and 1H-NMR titration substantiated 1:2 reaction stoichiometry between FFIZNA and Al3+ and Zn2+. The time-response study displayed that the emission of FFIZNA with Al3+ and Zn2+, rapidly boosted and reached the stable value in less than 3.0 and 4.0 min, respectively. Therefore, the FFIZNA has successfully been utilized to the dual recognition of Al3+ and Zn2+ in solutions. Phenolphthalein conjugated schiff base as a dual emissive fluorogenic probe for the detection aluminum (III) and zinc (II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Meliha Kutluca Alici
- Department of the Laboratory and Veterinary Healthy, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51700, Nigde, Turkey
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Kim A, Lee H, Yun D, Jung U, Kim KT, Kim C. Developing a new chemosensor targeting zinc ion based on two types of quinoline platform. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118652. [PMID: 32623303 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A chemosensor DQ (2-(2-(quinolin-2-yl)hydrazinyl)-N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide), based on two quinoline moieties, has been synthesized. DQ could detect zinc ion through fluorescence turn-on in aqueous media. Limit of detection was calculated as 0.07 μM, far lower than the standard of WHO for zinc ion. The practicality of DQ was demonstrated via the successful results of reusability with EDTA, easy detection on the test strip, and precise quantification in real water samples. Additionally, sensor DQ could be applied to bioimaging of zinc ion in zebrafish. Sensing process of zinc ion by DQ was studied through fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR titration, and ESI-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahran Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyul Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Yun
- Department of Fine Chemistry, SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ukhyun Jung
- Department of Environ. Engineering, SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environ. Engineering, SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Patil NS, Dhake RB, Ahamed MI, Fegade U. A Mini Review on Organic Chemosensors for Cation Recognition (2013-19). J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1295-1330. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gupta M, Sahana S, Sharma V, Bharadwaj PK. Benzothiazole integrated into a cryptand for ESIPT-based selective chemosensor for Zn2+ ions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7801-7808. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00548j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel 2(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole-based cryptand (L) exhibits high fluorescence intensity in the presence of Zn2+ ions by stopping the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process with a detection limit of 0.20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sunanda Sahana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Vivekanand Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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