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Wei YC, Zhu D, Zhang J, Wang HR, Zhou MZ, Liao S. Octylamine regulating the mechanical robustness of natural rubber by involving in the construction of crosslinking network. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126202. [PMID: 37573916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of three dimensional network structure is critical in determining mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR). Consequently, it is vital to regulate crosslinking network of NR by controlling vulcanization process. Inspired by our previous studies on contribution of non-rubber components (NRCs) to the excellent properties of NR, we find octylamine in NRCs decreases the activation energy (Ea) of vulcanization from 82.73 kJ/mol to 44.34 kJ/mol, thereby reducing vulcanization time from 18.67 min to 2.71 min. From microscopic perspective, octylamine tends to coordinate with zinc ions to improve dispersion of ZnO in NR. And octylamine promotes ring-opening reaction of S8 to favor formation of polysulfide intermediates. Therefore, the incorporation of octylamine remarkably improves vulcanization efficiency, which contributes to the formation of a more homogeneous network with higher crosslinking density, enhancing remarkably the strength and toughness of NR. As a result, the tensile strength and fracture energy of samples are as high as 31.15 MPa and 68.88 kJ/m2, respectively. In addition, even with a 60 % reduction in ZnO content, the NR samples still maintain high vulcanization efficiency and excellent mechanical properties after the addition of octylamine, which provides a green and feasible way to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chan Wei
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ding Zhu
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Meng-Zhen Zhou
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuangquan Liao
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Lazim NH, Hidzir NM, Shamsudin SA. Mechanical and thermal studies on modified 50/50 natural rubber latex/poly(styrene-block-isoprene-block-styrene) blend by gamma irradiation and comparison with sulphur and peroxide vulcanization methods. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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3
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Ikeda Y, Miyaji K, Sakaki Y, Ohashi T, Kobayashi H. Ingenious Material Design of the Vulcanization of Isoprene Rubber: Electron-Transfer and Dispersion Effects. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ikeda
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Research Institute for Production Development,
Shimogamo, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
- Professor Emeritus, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyaji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takumi Ohashi
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kobayashi
- Professor Emeritus, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Collinson DW, Sheridan RJ, Palmeri MJ, Brinson LC. Best practices and recommendations for accurate nanomechanical characterization of heterogeneous polymer systems with atomic force microscopy. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Morozov IA. Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation kinetics and subsurface visualization of soft inhomogeneous polymer. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1959-1966. [PMID: 33713508 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern techniques of nanoindentation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) produce maps of topography and physical-mechanical properties of the material. Analysis of the interaction rate of the AFM tip with the soft surface reveals the surface and subsurface structure and expands standard analysis of the material behavior. Phase-separated polymer (polyurethane, elastic modulus-6 MPa) is studied. Reversible inelastic changes of the surface at different stages of indentation were established in dependence on peculiarities of velocity and position of the AFM-tip in the material: uniform soft nanofilm covering the outer surface gradually passes into fibrillar heterogeneous structure of the polymer. The point of stable mechanical contact is defined, and the elastic moduli of soft and hard blocks of the polymer are estimated using certain intervals of the indentation. The presented methods of surface analysis are useful in the study of a wide class of soft heterogeneous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Morozov
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Perm, Russia
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Miyaji K, Sugiyama T, Ohashi T, Saalwächter K, Ikeda Y. Study on Homogeneity in Sulfur Cross-Linked Network Structures of Isoprene Rubber by TD-NMR and AFM – Zinc Stearate System. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Miyaji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takumi Ohashi
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik—NMR, Martin-Luther Universtität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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7
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8
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Junkong P, Morimoto R, Miyaji K, Tohsan A, Sakaki Y, Ikeda Y. Effect of fatty acids on the accelerated sulfur vulcanization of rubber by active zinc/carboxylate complexes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4772-4785. [PMID: 35495229 PMCID: PMC9049146 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of fatty acids with different aliphatic chain lengths on the accelerated vulcanization reaction of isoprene rubber was investigated through the generation of new intermediates composed of dinuclear bridging bidentate zinc/carboxylate complexes. Using the combination of in situ time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ time-resolved zinc K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, the essential complex structure of the intermediates formed during the vulcanization reaction of isoprene rubber was determined to be independent of the aliphatic chain length of fatty acids. However, the reactivity of arachidic acid with ZnO was found to be low, which prolonged the induction period and curing time, and slowed down the curing rate in the vulcanization of isoprene rubber. These results help to understand the complicated vulcanization reaction of rubber, especially natural rubber, which inherently contains various fatty acids. The results obtained in this study are important for developing well-designed high-performance natural rubber products in the future. The effect of fatty acids with different aliphatic chain lengths on the accelerated vulcanization reaction of isoprene rubber was investigated through the generation of new intermediates composed of dinuclear bridging bidentate zinc/carboxylate complexes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyanuch Junkong
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan .,Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Rie Morimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyaji
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan .,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Atitaya Tohsan
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan .,Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok 1518 Pracharat 1 Rd, Wongsawang, Bangsue Bangkok 10800 Thailand
| | - Yuta Sakaki
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan .,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan .,Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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9
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Ikeda Y, Sakaki Y, Yasuda Y, Junkong P, Ohashi T, Miyaji K, Kobayashi H. Roles of Dinuclear Bridging Bidentate Zinc/Stearate Complexes in Sulfur Cross-Linking of Isoprene Rubber. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ikeda
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakaki
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yoritaka Yasuda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Preeyanuch Junkong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Research Strategy Promotion Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takumi Ohashi
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyaji
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kobayashi
- Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Professor Emeritus, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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