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Hassouna SS, Abdel-Moniem OMA. Trivalent chromium versus baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: first phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial, is trivalent chromium the upcoming immune-modulator? Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01515-x. [PMID: 39030450 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease mainly treated by DMARDs. Baricitinib is one of the emerging DMARDs with strong anti-rheumatic effects but has serious side effects. Trivalent chromium (Cr III) is a natural element with anti-inflammatory properties. Trivalent chromium (Cr III) is introduced for the first time to study its effect and safety in treatment of RA patients and compared to those of baricitinib. METHODS This is a phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial where RA patients were divided in a ratio of 2:1 according to the newly introduced medication either Cr (III) (group A) or baricitinib (group B). Patients attended three visits on day 0, after 3 weeks and 12 weeks, disease activity was scored. Hands ultrasound was done and reassessed. Side effects were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS DAS28-CRP improved by 26.9% and 11.8% on third visit for Cr III and baricitinib, respectively (p = 0.001). DAS28-ESR improved by 25.6% and 7.74% on third visit for Cr III and baricitinib, respectively (p = < 0.001). ACR 50 was 18.8% for Cr III and 5.7% for baricitinib on second visit. ACR 70 was 25% for Cr III and 0% for baricitinib on third visit (P = < 0.001). Ultrasound GLOESS, SH, PDUS, joints effusions improved by 38.9%, 38.4%, 56.7% and 74.8% for Cr III, while by 10.5%, 3.75%, 59.6% and worsening of joints effusions happened with baricitinib on third visit. p = 0.022 and 0.002 between groups for GLOESS and SH improvement, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cr III has shown very promising fast clinical and sonographic results in treating RA patients which were surprisingly superior to baricitinib in most aspects. Furthermore, Cr III is potentially safe with evidently fewer side effects than baricitinib and other DMARDs, however, long-term safety is still not established. (IRB No.: 00012098- FWA No.: 00018699, Serial number: 040457) ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05545020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S Hassouna
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Liu XY, Zheng HW, Wang FZ, Atia TW, Fan B, Wang Q. Developments in the study of Chinese herbal medicine's assessment index and action mechanism for diabetes mellitus. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38973219 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), based on various pathogenic symptoms and the 'golden chamber' medical text, Huangdi Neijing, diabetes mellitus falls under the category 'collateral disease'. TCM, with its wealth of experience, has been treating diabetes for over two millennia. Different antidiabetic Chinese herbal medicines reduce blood sugar, with their effective ingredients exerting unique advantages. As well as a glucose lowering effect, TCM also regulates bodily functions to prevent diabetes associated complications, with reduced side effects compared to western synthetic drugs. Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. These active ingredients reduce blood sugar via various mechanism of actions that include boosting endogenous insulin secretion, enhancing insulin sensitivity and adjusting key enzyme activity and scavenging free radicals. These actions regulate glycolipid metabolism in the body, eventually achieving the goal of normalizing blood glucose. Using different animal models, a number of molecular markers are available for the detection of diabetes induction and the molecular pathology of the disease is becoming clearer. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of scientific data about the pharmacology, dose-effect relationship, and structure-activity relationship of TCM and its constituents. Further research into the efficacy, toxicity and mode of action of TCM, using different metabolic and molecular markers, is key to developing novel TCM antidiabetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Feng-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tul-Wahab Atia
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Yudhani RD, Sari Y, Nugrahaningsih DAA, Sholikhah EN, Rochmanti M, Purba AKR, Khotimah H, Nugrahenny D, Mustofa M. In Vitro Insulin Resistance Model: A Recent Update. J Obes 2023; 2023:1964732. [PMID: 36714242 PMCID: PMC9876677 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1964732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, which affects insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver, is the central pathophysiological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes progression. Decreased glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues disrupts insulin signaling pathways, particularly the PI3K/Akt pathway. An in vitro model is appropriate for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance because it is easy to maintain and the results can be easily reproduced. The application of cell-based models for exploring the pathogenesis of diabetes and insulin resistance as well as for developing drugs for these conditions is well known. However, a comprehensive review of in vitro insulin resistance models is lacking. Therefore, this review was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview and summary of the latest in vitro insulin resistance models, particularly 3T3-L1 (preadipocyte), C2C12 (skeletal muscle), and HepG2 (liver) cell lines induced with palmitic acid, high glucose, or chronic exposure to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih D. Yudhani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia
| | - Yulia Sari
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia
| | - Dwi A. A. Nugrahaningsih
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Eti N. Sholikhah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Maftuchah Rochmanti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, East Java 60131, Indonesia
| | - Abdul K. R. Purba
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, East Java 60131, Indonesia
| | - Husnul Khotimah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Dian Nugrahenny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Mustofa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Selective recognition of Pb(II) and Cr(III) by novel maleic hydrazide-based 1,2,3-triazole linked derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hassouna SS, Sheta E, Zaki I, Harby SA, Allam EA. Trivalent chromium supplementation ameliorates adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis through up-regulation of FOXP3 and decrease in synovial Cathepsin G expression. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2181-2195. [PMID: 35829940 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a known debilitating autoimmune disease. Immune-suppressants that are used for disease treatment have serious side effects, therefore, trivalent chromium (Cr (III)); which has shown evidence of its influences on some inflammatory pathways and cytokines; was used in this study for the first time to be assessed for its therapeutic effect in RA rat model and was compared to prednisolone in a trial to find a treatment with lesser side effects. METHODS Adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal, untreated RA, prednisolone treated RA (1.25 mg/kg/day) and Cr (III) treated RA groups (80 μg/kg/day), induction of RA was done by subcutaneous complete Freund adjuvant injection. Study duration was 4 weeks throughout which arthritis scoring and weight measurement were pursued. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical FOXP3 assessment were done for joint biopsies. Serum inflammatory markers (interleukin 17, interleukin 10, CRP) and synovial erosive arthritis marker (Cathepsin G) were measured. HDL and non-HDL cholesterol were estimated as well. RESULTS Cr (III) treatment showed marked clinical and histopathological improvement, also astonishing anti-inflammatory effects (increase in FOXP3 expression and interleukin 10, with decrease in interleukin 17, CRP and synovial Cathepsin G) to the extent that Cr (III) effects on inflammation abolishment were comparable to that of prednisolone and even better at some aspects. Moreover, Cr (III) was protective from side effects, i.e., weight gain and dyslipidemia that were seen with prednisolone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cr (III) is promising in treating RA and it lacks some side effects of accustomed immune-modulatory agents including prednisolone. Further experimental studies and clinical trials should be held to see the efficacy of Cr (III) in different doses and to assess its long term side effects when used for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S Hassouna
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman Sheta
- Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Inass Zaki
- Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Harby
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Allam
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ge X, He X, Liu J, Zeng F, Chen L, Xu W, Shao R, Huang Y, Farag MA, Capanoglu E, El-Seedi HR, Zhao C, Liu B. Amelioration of type 2 diabetes by the novel 6, 8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination via biochemical mechanisms and gut microbiota interaction. J Adv Res 2022; 46:173-188. [PMID: 35700921 PMCID: PMC10105086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Luteolin is a plant-derived flavonoid that exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities. Studies on luteolin have mainly focused on its use for hyperlipidaemia prevention, whereas the capacity of the flavonoid to hinder hyperglycaemia development remains underexplored. OBJECTIVES To probe the anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of 6,8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination (GLQ.Cr), and to assess its regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. METHODS High-sucrose/high-fat diet-induced and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to develop a T2DM model. Glycometabolism related indicators, histopathology, and gut microbiota composition in caecum samples were evaluated, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of liver samples was conducted. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was further used to verify the anti-hyperglycemic activity of intestinal microbiota. RESULTS The administration of GLQ.Cr alleviated hyperglycaemia symptoms by improving liver and pancreatic functions and modulating gut microbe communities (Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Desulfovibrio). RNA-seq analysis showed that GLQ.Cr mainly affected the peroxisome proliferative activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway in order to regulate abnormal glucose metabolism. FMT significantly modulated the abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Ruminiclostridium, Brevundimonas and Pseudomonas in the caecum to balance blood glucose levels and counteract T2DM mice inflammation. CONCLUSION GLQ.Cr improved the abnormal glucose metabolism in T2DM mice by regulating the PPAR signalling pathway and modulating intestinal microbial composition. FMT can improve the intestinal microecology of the recipient and in turn ameliorate the symptoms of T2DM-induced hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ge
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ligen Chen
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Rong Shao
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Ding Y, Xu T, Mao G, Chen Y, Qiu X, Yang L, Zhao T, Xu X, Feng W, Wu X. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced hepatotoxicity exacerbated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in female pubertal T2DM mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112003. [PMID: 33484791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most common plasticizers, is closely associated with a high prevalence of pubertal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have indicated that DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity exhibits sex differences. In this study, the sex differences in the effect of DEHP on pubertal T2DM (P-T2DM) mice, the susceptibility of female P-T2DM mice to DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. DEHP exposure exacerbated metabolic disorders in female P-T2DM mice. Factorial analysis showed that female P-T2DM mice were more sensitive to DEHP exposure than female normal mice and male P-T2DM mice. It was determined by integrated biomarker response results that female P-T2DM mice had higher risks of developing T2DM, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular events and hepatotoxicity than male P-T2DM mice. Moreover, hepatic transcriptome analysis emphasized the effects of DEHP on the expression of oxidative injury- and metabolic function-related genes. Western blotting indicated that DEHP activated Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and impaired insulin sensitivity in the liver, which were the main causes of DEHP-exacerbated metabolic abnormalities in P-T2DM mice. Our study revealed that compared with normal mice and male P-T2DM mice, female P-T2DM mice tend to suffer from increased DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity, which was primarily attributed to hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Benchoula K, Arya A, Parhar IS, Hwa WE. FoxO1 signaling as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173758. [PMID: 33249079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose production and the consumption of high levels of carbohydrate increase the chance of insulin resistance, especially in cases of obesity. Therefore, maintaining a balanced glucose homeostasis might form a strategy to prevent or cure diabetes and obesity. The activation and inhibition of glucose production is complicated due to the presence of many interfering pathways. These pathways can be viewed at the downstream level because they activate certain transcription factors, which include the Forkhead-O1 (FoxO1). This has been identified as a significant agent in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue, which is significant in the regulation of lipids and glucose. The objective of this review is to discuss the intersecting portrayal of FoxO1 and its parallel cross-talk which highlights obesity-induced insulin susceptibility in the discovery of a targeted remedy. The review also analyses current progress and provides a blueprint on therapeutics, small molecules, and extracts/phytochemicals which are explored at the pre-clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Monash University (Malaysia) BRIMS, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
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Imanparast F, Javaheri J, Kamankesh F, Rafiei F, Salehi A, Mollaaliakbari Z, Rezaei F, Rahimi A, Abbasi E. The effects of chromium and vitamin D 3 co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:471-477. [PMID: 31593637 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the effects of simultaneous usage with vitamin D3 and chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementations on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety-two patients with T2DM were randomly allocated to the following 4 groups for 4 months: (I) placebo of vitamin D3 (n = 23); (II) vitamin D3 supplement at a dose of 50 000 IU/week (n = 23); (III) CrPic supplement at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23); and (IV) both vitamin D3 at a dose of 50 000 IU/week and CrPic at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23). HOMA-IR levels increased significantly in groups I and II after the intervention. However, this increase in group I was significantly higher than that in group II after the treatment. HOMA-IR levels were controlled in groups III and IV during the intervention. TNF-α decreased significantly in groups II, III, and IV after the intervention. FBS, HbA1c, and lipid profile did not change significantly in total groups after the intervention. It seems that chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation are probably effective in controlling HOMA-IR by decreasing TNF-α in T2DM. Novelty Chromium alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment with vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D3 in controlling HOMA-IR in T2DM. Chromium and vitamin D3 alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment decrease TNF-α in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Imanparast
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.,Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Javad Javaheri
- Arak Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Community Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kamankesh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiei
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Salehi
- Department of Nursing Education, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mollaaliakbari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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