1
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Yu SM, Zhao MM, Zheng YZ, Zhang JC, Liu ZP, Tu PF, Wang H, Wei CY, Zeng KW. Chemoproteomic Strategy Identifies PfUCHL3 as the Target of Halofuginone. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400269. [PMID: 38923255 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) continues to pose a significant public health challenge, leading to millions of fatalities globally. Halofuginone (HF) has shown a significant anti-P. falciparum effect, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for malaria treatment. In this study, we synthesized a photoaffinity labeling probe of HF to identify its direct target in P. falciparum. Our results reveal that ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 3 (PfUCHL3) acts as a crucial target protein of HF, which modulates parasite growth in the intraerythrocytic cycle. In particular, we discovered that HF potentially forms hydrogen bonds with the Leu10, Glu11, and Arg217 sites of PfUCHL3, thereby inducing an allosteric effect by promoting the embedding of the helix 6' region on the protein surface. Furthermore, HF disrupts the expression of multiple functional proteins mediated by PfUCHL3, specifically those that play crucial roles in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in P. falciparum. Taken together, this study highlights PfUCHL3 as a previously undisclosed druggable target of HF, which contributes to the development of novel anti-malarial agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mei-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong-Zhe Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ji-Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of New Sustained and Controlled Release Formulations and Drug Targeted Delivery Systems, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5# Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5# Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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2
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Chen C, Chen YX, Zhang CJ. A Radical-Generating Probe to Release Free Fluorophores and Identify Artemisinin-Sensitive Cancer Cells. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2310-2316. [PMID: 38651676 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The smart light-up probes have been extensively developed to image various enzymes and other bioactive molecules. Upon activation, these probes result in light-up fluorophores that exist in a protein-bound or a free form. The difference between these two forms has not yet been reported. Here, we present a pair of smart light-up probes that generate a protein-bound fluorophore and a free fluorophore upon activation by heme. Probe 8 generated a radical-attached fluorophore that predominantly existed in the free form, while probe 10 generated an α,β-unsaturated ketone-attached fluorophore that showed extensive labeling of proteins. In live-cell imaging, probe 8 showed greater fluorescence intensity than probe 10 when low concentrations (0.1-5 μM) of the probes were used, but probe 8 was less fluorescent than probe 10 when the concentrations of the probes were high (10 μM). Finally, probe 8 was used to reflect the activation level of the endoperoxide bond in cancer cells and to effectively distinguish ART-sensitive cancer cells from ART-insensitive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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3
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He XL, Chen JY, Feng YL, Song P, Wong YK, Xie LL, Wang C, Zhang Q, Bai YM, Gao P, Luo P, Liu Q, Liao FL, Li ZJ, Jiang Y, Wang JG. Single-cell RNA sequencing deciphers the mechanism of sepsis-induced liver injury and the therapeutic effects of artesunate. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1801-1814. [PMID: 37041228 PMCID: PMC10462669 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver, as an immune and detoxification organ, represents an important line of defense against bacteria and infection and a vulnerable organ that is easily injured during sepsis. Artesunate (ART) is an anti-malaria agent, that also exhibits broad pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, immune-regulation and liver protection. In this study, we investigated the cellular responses in liver to sepsis infection and ART hepatic-protective mechanisms against sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model was established in mice. The mice were administered ART (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at 4 h, and sacrificed at 12 h after the surgery. Liver samples were collected for preparing single-cell RNA transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq). The scRNA-seq analysis revealed that sepsis-induced a dramatic reduction of hepatic endothelial cells, especially the subtypes characterized with proliferation and differentiation. Macrophages were recruited during sepsis and released inflammatory cytokines (Tnf, Il1b, Il6), chemokines (Ccl6, Cd14), and transcription factor (Nfkb1), resulting in liver inflammatory responses. Massive apoptosis of lymphocytes and abnormal recruitment of neutrophils caused immune dysfunction. ART treatment significantly improved the survival of CLP mice within 96 h, and partially relieved or reversed the above-mentioned pathological features, mitigating the impact of sepsis on liver injury, inflammation, and dysfunction. This study provides comprehensive fundamental proof for the liver protective efficacy of ART against sepsis infection, which would potentially contribute to its clinical translation for sepsis therapy. Single cell transcriptome reveals the changes of various hepatocyte subtypes of CLP-induced liver injury and the potential pharmacological effects of artesunate on sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling He
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jia-Yun Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ping Song
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lu-Lin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yun-Meng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Piao Luo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division of Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fu-Long Liao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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4
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Wang F, Xu S, Chen C, Wei C, Zhang CJ. Stereochemistry and antimalarial activity of C-10 carba analogues of artemisinin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129414. [PMID: 37494974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is an endoperoxide bond-containing sesquiterpene lactone showing potent antimalarial effect as well as antitumor and antivirus activities. Inspired by this unique pharmacorphore, researchers around the world developed numerous Artemisinin derivatives. Among these derivatives, the C-10 carba analogues of artemisinin are frequently reported. However, the stereochemistry of C-10 carba analogues of artemisinin is overlooked and the corresponding mixture of stereoisomers are used. Herein, we reported for the first time stereochemistry and antimalarial activity of C-10 carba analogues of artemisinin. We employed two approaches to obtain the pure isomer of C-10 carba analogues and presented an interesting observation about their antimalarial activities. The minor isomer with large-sized substitute and S configuration at C-10 position had much lower antimalarial effect than the major isomer with R configuration. The study will shed light on the development of effective antimalarial drugs based on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Shiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5# Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China..
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 10005, China..
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5
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Ruan ML, Liu Y, Zhang C, Mao X, Hu D, Lok CN, Yam JWP, Che CM. Dihydroartemisinin engages liver fatty acid binding protein and suppresses metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2747-2750. [PMID: 36757177 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin non-covalently binds liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) with micromolar affinity, acts as a FABP1-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist and inhibits metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Ruan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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6
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Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Sahu DK, Ghosh G, Rath G. Isolation and structure elucidation of a steroidal moiety from Withania somnifera and in silico evaluation of antimalarial efficacy against artemisinin resistance Plasmodium falciparum kelch 13 protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35585777 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2077448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the 2021 Malaria report, 241 million clinical episodes with 627000 deaths penalty was estimated across the worldwide. However, mutation in the propeller domain of Plasmodium falciparum kelch 13 protein resulted in longer parasite clearance time following an artemisinin-based treatment and had a greater survival rate of ring-stage parasites even after a brief exposure to a high dose of artesunate. Clinical manifestations become more complex and worse with the emerging trend of drug resistance against artemisinin derivatives and the poor effectiveness of malaria vaccination drive. Steroidal lactone (withanolide) moiety (C-28) isolated from methanolic leaf extract Withania somnifera show a greater affinity towards Pfkelch 13 protein in comparison to the artemisinin derivatives (artesunate, artemether). The isolated compound was characterized to be withaferin A with a percentage yield of 29.01% w/w in chloroform fraction, 1.75% w/w in methanolic extract, and 0.29% w/w in raw leaf powder. Structure-based analysis shows that withaferin A (docking score -8.253, -9.802) has a higher affinity for two distinct binding pockets I and II of the Plasmodium falciparum kelch 13 protein than artesunate (docking score -4.470, -3.656). Further, Gibbs binding free energy signifies thermodynamic stability of the docked complex of withaferin A (-43.25, -43.76 Kcal/mol) in comparison to artesunate docked complex (-8.49, -5.75 Kcal/mol). The pharmacokinetic profile of withaferin A shows more drug-likeness characteristics without violating Jorgensen's rule of three, and Lipinski's rule of five. Hence above experimental findings suggest withaferin A could be a suitable therapeutic adjunct for preclinical evaluation of antimalarial potentiality in artemisinin-resistant malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prativa Biswasroy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
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Carvalho L, Bernardes GJL. The Impact of Activity-based Protein Profiling in Malaria Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200174. [PMID: 35506504 PMCID: PMC9401580 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is an approach used at the interface of chemical biology and proteomics that uses small molecular probes to provide dynamic fingerprints of enzymatic activity in complex proteomes. Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites with a significant death burden and for which new therapies are actively being sought. Here, we compile the main achievements from ABPP studies in malaria and highlight the probes used and the different downstream platforms for data analysis. ABPP has excelled at studying Plasmodium cysteine proteases and serine hydrolase families, the targeting of the proteasome and metabolic pathways, and in the deconvolution of targets and mechanisms of known antimalarials. Despite the major impact in the field, many antimalarials and enzymatic families in Plasmodium remain to be studied, which suggests ABPP will be an evergreen technique in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carvalho
- University of Cambridge, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Rd, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Rd, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
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8
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McKenna SM, Fay EM, McGouran JF. Flipping the Switch: Innovations in Inducible Probes for Protein Profiling. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2719-2730. [PMID: 34779621 PMCID: PMC8689647 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Over the past two
decades, activity-based probes have enabled a
range of discoveries, including the characterization of new enzymes
and drug targets. However, their suitability in some labeling experiments
can be limited by nonspecific reactivity, poor membrane permeability,
or high toxicity. One method for overcoming these issues is through
the development of “inducible” activity-based probes.
These probes are added to samples in an unreactive state and require in situ transformation to their active form before labeling
can occur. In this Review, we discuss a variety of approaches to inducible
activity-based probe design, different means of probe activation,
and the advancements that have resulted from these applications. Additionally,
we highlight recent developments which may provide opportunities for
future inducible activity-based probe innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. McKenna
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ellen M. Fay
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanna F. McGouran
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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9
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Woodley CM, Amado PSM, Cristiano MLS, O'Neill PM. Artemisinin inspired synthetic endoperoxide drug candidates: Design, synthesis, and mechanism of action studies. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3062-3095. [PMID: 34355414 DOI: 10.1002/med.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) have been used as the first-line treatments against Plasmodium falciparum malaria for decades. Recent advances in chemical proteomics have shed light on the complex mechanism of action of semi-synthetic artemisinin (ARTs), particularly their promiscuous alkylation of parasite proteins via previous heme-mediated bioactivation of the endoperoxide bond. Alarmingly, the rise of resistance to ART in South East Asia and the synthetic limitations of the ART scaffold have pushed the course for the necessity of fully synthetic endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several classes of synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials have been described in literature utilizing various endoperoxide warheads including 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Two of these classes, the 1,2,4-trioxolanes (arterolane and artefenomel) and the 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes (N205 and E209) based antimalarials, have been explored extensively and are still in active development. In contrast, the most recent publication pertaining to the development of the 1,2-dioxane, Arteflene, and 1,2,4-trioxanes fenozan-50F, DU1301, and PA1103/SAR116242 was published in 2008. This review summarizes the synthesis, biological and clinical evaluation, and mechanistic studies of the most developed synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, providing an update on those classes still in active development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia S M Amado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria L S Cristiano
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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10
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Chen J, Gonciarz RL, Renslo AR. Expanded scope of Griesbaum co-ozonolysis for the preparation of structurally diverse sensors of ferrous iron. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34338-34342. [PMID: 35497286 PMCID: PMC9042324 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterically shielded 1,2,4-trioxolanes prepared by Griesbaum co-ozonolysis have been utilized as chemical sensors of ferrous iron in several recently described chemical probes of labile iron. Here we report optimized conditions for co-ozonolysis that proceed efficiently and with high diastereoselectivity across an expanded range of substrates, and should enable a new generation of labile iron probes with altered reaction kinetics and physicochemical properties. Improved, low temperature conditions for Griesbaum co-ozonolysis enables the preparation of structurally diverse 1,2,4-trioxolane-based sensors of ferrous iron for caging of reporters and therapeutic payloads.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Ryan L. Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
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11
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Lu S, Tian Y, Luo Y, Xu X, Ge W, Sun G, Sun X. Iminostilbene, a novel small-molecule modulator of PKM2, suppresses macrophage inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Adv Res 2020; 29:83-94. [PMID: 33842007 PMCID: PMC8020153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is a key factor in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Targeting leucocyte-mediated inflammation is an important strategy for MI/R therapy. Iminostilbene (ISB), a simple dibenzoazepine small molecule compound, has a strong anti-neurodegenerative effect. However, no study has shown the cardioprotective effect of ISB. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the role of ISB against MI/R injury and identify its molecular target. Methods To verify the cardiac protection of ISB in vivo and in vitro, we performed rat MI/R surgery and subjected inflammatory modeling of macrophages. In terms of molecular mechanisms, we designed and synthesized a small molecular probe of ISB and employed it on the click chemistry-activity-based protein profiling technique to fish for ISB targets in macrophages. To identify the target, we applied the competitive inhibition assay, surface-plasmon resonance (SPR), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. Results In vivo, ISB showed robust anti-myocardial injury activity by improving cardiac function, reducing myocardial infarction, and inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation. In vitro, ISB strongly inhibited the transcription and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. The pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was identified as the potential target of ISB through proteomic analysis and the competitive assay was performed for specific binding verification. Further thermodynamic and kinetic experiments showed that ISB was bound to PKM2 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in terms of the biological function of ISB on PKM2, ISB reduced the expression of PKM2, thereby reducing the expression of HIF1α and the phosphorylation of STAT3. Conclusion This study for the first time demonstrated that ISB targeted PKM2 to reduce macrophage inflammation thereby significantly alleviating MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Wenxiu Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
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Rosenthal MR, Ng CL. Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin Resistance: The Effect of Heme, Protein Damage, and Parasite Cell Stress Response. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1599-1614. [PMID: 32324369 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a significant decline in morbidity and mortality over the last two decades, in 2018 there were 228 million reported cases of malaria and 405000 malaria-related deaths. Artemisinin, the cornerstone of artemisinin-based combination therapies, is the most potent drug in the antimalarial armamentarium against falciparum malaria. Heme-mediated activation of artemisinin and its derivatives results in widespread parasite protein alkylation, which is thought to lead to parasite death. Alarmingly, cases of decreased artemisinin efficacy have been widely detected across Cambodia and in neighboring countries, and a few cases have been reported in the Guiana Shield, India, and Africa. The grim prospect of widespread artemisinin resistance propelled a concerted effort to understand the mechanisms of artemisinin action and resistance. The identification of genetic markers and the knowledge of molecular mechanisms underpinning artemisinin resistance allow prospective surveillance and inform future drug development strategies, respectively. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how parasite vesicle trafficking, hemoglobin digestion, and cell stress responses contribute to artemisinin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Rosenthal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Caroline L. Ng
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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13
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Jourdan J, Walz A, Matile H, Schmidt A, Wu J, Wang X, Dong Y, Vennerstrom JL, Schmidt RS, Wittlin S, Mäser P. Stochastic Protein Alkylation by Antimalarial Peroxides. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:2067-2075. [PMID: 31626733 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimalarial peroxides such as the phytochemical artemisinin or the synthetic ozonides arterolane and artefenomel undergo reductive cleavage of the pharmacophoric peroxide bond by ferrous heme, released by parasite hemoglobin digestion. The generated carbon-centered radicals alkylate heme in an intramolecular reaction and proteins in an intermolecular reaction. Here, we determine the proteinaceous alkylation signatures of artemisinin and synthetic ozonides in Plasmodium falciparum using alkyne click chemistry probes to identify target proteins by affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Using stringent controls and purification procedures, we identified 25 P. falciparum proteins that were alkylated by the antimalarial peroxides in a peroxide-dependent manner, but the alkylation patterns were more random than we had anticipated. Moreover, there was little overlap in the alkylation signatures identified in this work and those disclosed in previous studies. Our findings suggest that alkylation of parasite proteins by antimalarial peroxides is likely to be a nonspecific, stochastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Jourdan
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annabelle Walz
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Matile
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jianbo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Remo S. Schmidt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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