1
|
Effects of Cations on HPTS Fluorescence and Quantification of Free Gadolinium Ions in Solution; Assessment of Intracellular Release of Gd3+ from Gd-Based MRI Contrast Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082490. [PMID: 35458689 PMCID: PMC9032885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS) is a small, hydrophilic fluorescent molecule. Since the pKa of the hydroxyl group is close to neutrality and quickly responds to pH changes, it is widely used as a pH-reporter in cell biology for measurements of intracellular pH. HPTS fluorescence (both excitation and emission spectra) at variable pH was measured in pure water in the presence of NaCl solution or in the presence of different buffers (PBS or hepes in the presence or not of NaCl) and in a solution containing BSA. pKa values have been obtained from the sigmoidal curves. Herein, we investigated the effect of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations (Na+, Ca2+, La3+, Gd3+) on fluorescence changes and proposed its use for the quantification of trivalent cations (e.g., gadolinium ions) present in solution as acqua-ions. Starting from the linear regression, the LoD value of 6.32 µM for the Gd3+ detection was calculated. The effects on the emission were also analyzed in the presence of a combination of Gd3+ at two different concentrations and the previously indicated mono and di-valent ions. The study demonstrated the feasibility of a qualitative method to investigate the intracellular Gd3+ release upon the administration of Gd-based contrast agents in murine macrophages.
Collapse
|
2
|
Algar WR, Massey M, Rees K, Higgins R, Krause KD, Darwish GH, Peveler WJ, Xiao Z, Tsai HY, Gupta R, Lix K, Tran MV, Kim H. Photoluminescent Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Imaging. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9243-9358. [PMID: 34282906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and in vivo imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rehan Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shanks HR, Wu S, Nguyen NT, Lu D, Saunders BR. Including fluorescent nanoparticle probes within injectable gels for remote strain measurements and discrimination between compression and tension. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1048-1055. [PMID: 33289763 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to remotely and non-invasively monitor and measure the strain within injectable gels used to augment soft tissue is highly desirable. Such information could enable real-time monitoring of gel performance and bespoke gel design. We report progress towards this goal using two fluorescent particle probe systems included within two different injectable gels. The two injectable gels have been previously studied in the contexts of intervertebral disc repair and stretchable gels for cartilage repair. The two fluorophore particle probes are blue or near-infrared (NIR) emitting and are present at very low concentrations. The normalised photoluminescence (PL) intensity from the blue emitting probe is shown to equal the compressive deformation ratio of the gels. Furthermore, the normalised ratio of the PL intensities for the blue and NIR probes varies linearly with deformation ratio over a wide range (from 0.2 to 3.0) with a seamless transition from compression to tension. Hence, PL can discriminate between compression and tension. The new approach established here should apply to other gels and enable remote detection of whether a gel is being compressed or stretched as well as the extent. This study may provide an important step towards remotely and minimally invasively measuring the strain experienced by load-supporting gels in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Shanks
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Islam MR, Nguy C, Pandit S, Lyon LA. Design and Synthesis of Core–Shell Microgels with One‐Step Clickable Crosslinked Cores and Ultralow Crosslinked Shells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molla R. Islam
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Chelsey Nguy
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Sanika Pandit
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Louis Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
- Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu M, Lu D, Lian Q, Wu S, Wang W, Lyon LA, Wang W, Bártolo P, Dickinson M, Saunders BR. Highly swelling pH-responsive microgels for dual mode near infra-red fluorescence reporting and imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4261-4271. [PMID: 36132786 PMCID: PMC9419105 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Near infra-red (NIR) fluorescence is a desirable property for probe particles because such deeply penetrating light enables remote reporting of the local environment in complex surroundings and imaging. Here, two NIR non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) fluorophores (Cy5 and Cy5.5) are coupled to preformed pH-responsive poly(ethylacrylate-methacrylic acid-divinylbenzene) microgel particles (PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MGs) to obtain new NIR fluorescent probes that are cytocompatible and swell strongly. NIR ratiometric photoluminescence (PL) intensity analysis enables reporting of pH-triggered PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MG particle swelling ratios over a very wide range (from 1-90). The dispersions have greatly improved colloidal stability compared to a reference temperature-responsive NIR MG based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNP-5/5.5). We also show that the wavelength of maximum PL intensity (λ max) is a second PL parameter that enables remote reporting of swelling for both PEA-MAA-5/5.5 and PNP-5/5.5 MGs. After internalization the PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MGs are successfully imaged in stem cells using NIR light. They are also imaged after subcutaneous injection into model tissue using NIR light. The new NIR PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MGs have excellent potential for reporting their swelling states (and any changes) within physiological settings as well as very high ionic strength environments (e.g., waste water).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Zhu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Qing Lian
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Shanglin Wu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Wenkai Wang
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
- Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Mark Dickinson
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed S, Alhareth K, Mignet N. Advancement in nanogel formulations provides controlled drug release. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119435. [PMID: 32439585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are currently considered as promising nanosized drug delivery carriers. Nanogels are made of a crosslinked polymeric network which could encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs due to their tunable nature. The ability of nanogels to control drug release is vastly described in the literature and researchers are consistently improving the control of drug release from nanogel by designing new polymers having specific sensitivity to a chemical or physical stimulus. In this review, we briefly discuss the definition of nanogels, their release profiles, their specific gel-based characteristics and the pathways of dug release from nanogels. We have focused on the stimuli responsive nanogels and their release profile. This compilation opens the window for understanding the influence of chemical composition and design of various nanogel on their release in the presence and absence of corresponding stimuli such as temperature, pH, enzymes and others. The uniqueness of this review is that it highlights the data of release profiles in terms of the different nanogel composition and triggers. It also points the high potential of nanogels in the list of candidates for drug delivery systems, thanks to their properties regarding drug encapsulation and release, combined advantages of nano-size and swelling characteristics of hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Ahmed
- Université de Paris, UTCBS (Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group), CNRS, INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Khair Alhareth
- Université de Paris, UTCBS (Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group), CNRS, INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université de Paris, UTCBS (Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group), CNRS, INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|