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Gui QW, Ying S, Liu X, Wang J, Xiao X, Liu Z, Wang X, Shang Y, Li Q. BF 3·OEt 2-mediated transamidation of unprotected primary amides under solvent-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6605-6611. [PMID: 39087323 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
A BF3·OEt2-mediated transamidation between unactivated amides and amines is reported, enabling access to diverse secondary and tertiary amides under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions. The operationally simple procedure provides a novel manifold for converting amide-amide bonds with excellent chemoselectivity. In particular, a series of amides including challenging thioamides enable direct transamidation to products with modest to excellent yields. Meanwhile, additional experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of this transformation, and a plausible mechanism was proposed based on the results and related literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Gui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengneng Ying
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuliang Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuoliang Liu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanxue Shang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
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Laclef S, Kolympadi Marković M, Marković D. Amide Synthesis by Transamidation of Primary Carboxamides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The amide functionality is one of the most important and widely used groups in nature and in medicinal and industrial chemistry. Because of its importance and as the actual synthetic methods suffer from major drawbacks, such as the use of a stoichiometric amount of an activating agent, epimerization and low atom economy, the development of new and efficient amide bond forming reactions is needed. A number of greener and more effective strategies have been studied and developed. The transamidation of primary amides is particularly attractive in terms of atom economy and as ammonia is the single byproduct. This review summarizes the advancements in metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed transamidation methods. Lewis and Brønsted acid transamidation catalysts are reviewed as a separate group. The activation of primary amides by promoter, as well as catalyst- and promoter-free protocols, are also described. The proposed mechanisms and key intermediates of the depicted transamidation reactions are shown.1 Introduction2 Metal-Catalyzed Transamidations3 Organocatalyzed Transamidations4 Lewis and Brønsted Acid Catalysis5 Promoted Transamidation of Primary Amides6 Catalyst- and Promoter-Free Protocols7 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laclef
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) UMR CNRS 7378 - Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne
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