1
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Aarsen C, Liguori A, Mattsson R, Sipponen MH, Hakkarainen M. Designed to Degrade: Tailoring Polyesters for Circularity. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8473-8515. [PMID: 38936815 PMCID: PMC11240263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A powerful toolbox is needed to turn the linear plastic economy into circular. Development of materials designed for mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and/or biodegradation in targeted end-of-life environment are all necessary puzzle pieces in this process. Polyesters, with reversible ester bonds, are already forerunners in plastic circularity: poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most recycled plastic material suitable for mechanical and chemical recycling, while common aliphatic polyesters are biodegradable under favorable conditions, such as industrial compost. However, this circular design needs to be further tailored for different end-of-life options to enable chemical recycling under greener conditions and/or rapid enough biodegradation even under less favorable environmental conditions. Here, we discuss molecular design of the polyester chain targeting enhancement of circularity by incorporation of more easily hydrolyzable ester bonds, additional dynamic bonds, or degradation catalyzing functional groups as part of the polyester chain. The utilization of polyester circularity to design replacement materials for current volume plastics is also reviewed as well as embedment of green catalysts, such as enzymes in biodegradable polyester matrices to facilitate the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine
V. Aarsen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rebecca Mattsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Wu YCM, Chyr G, Park H, Makar-Limanov A, Shi Y, DeSimone JM, Bao Z. Stretchable, recyclable thermosets via photopolymerization and 3D printing of hemiacetal ester-based resins. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12535-12540. [PMID: 38020396 PMCID: PMC10646930 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving a circular plastics economy is one of our greatest environmental challenges, yet conventional mechanical recycling remains inadequate for thermoplastics and incompatible with thermosets. The next generation of plastic materials will be designed with the capacity for degradation and recycling at end-of-use. To address this opportunity in the burgeoning technologies of 3D printing and photolithography, we report a modular system for the production of degradable and recyclable thermosets via photopolymerization. The polyurethane backbone imparts robust, elastic, and tunable mechanical properties, while the use of hemiacetal ester linkages allows for facile degradation under mild acid. The synthetic design based on hemiacetal esters enables simple purification to regenerate a functional polyurethane diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chi Mason Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Gloria Chyr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Hyunchang Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Yuran Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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3
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Giraudo A, Armano E, Morano C, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Green Oxidation of Heterocyclic Ketones with Oxone in Water. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15461-15465. [PMID: 37823876 PMCID: PMC10629238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The recently reported efficient conversion of cyclic ketones to lactones by Oxone in neutral buffered water is extended to heterocyclic ketones, namely, cyclic N-Boc azaketones and oxoethers with the aim of obtaining N-protected azalactones and their analogues with oxygen in place of nitrogen. N-Boc-4-piperidinone and all the cyclic oxoethers were successfully oxidized to lactones, while the azacyclic ketones with nitrogen α-positioned to carbonyl were univocally transformed into N-Boc-ω-amino acids and N-Boc-N-formyl-ω-amino acids operating in alkaline water and DMF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giraudo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Armano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Camillo Morano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
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4
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Cichoń K, Bak-Sypien II, Basko M, Kost B. Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Polylactides Containing Acetal Units. Macromolecules 2023; 56:6951-6967. [PMID: 37720563 PMCID: PMC10501204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
New functionalized lactide copolymers containing acetal units were prepared for the first time in a controlled manner that enabled the regulation of the number of reactive groups introduced into the polyester chain. The presence of functional groups in the copolymer backbone provided chemical modification sites, and the nature of the acetal unit affected the material degradability. First, paraformaldehyde was reacted with selected diols containing reactive pendant groups (3-allyloxypropane-1,2-diol and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol), which was catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid, to synthesize new cyclic acetals with different functionalities (allyl- or chloro-). In addition, using butane-1,4-diol, a nonfunctionalized seven-membered cyclic acetal (dioxepane) was obtained for comparative studies. In the next step, the prepared cyclic acetals were used for cationic copolymerization with lactide in the presence of glycol as an initiator and triflic acid as a catalyst. Different temperatures (-15, 2, and 30 °C) and copolymerization times (24, 48, 72, and 192 h) were investigated to produce copolyesters with variable contents of acetal units in the range of 5-27%. The copolymers' structure and molar masses were carefully investigated using 1H, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and size-exclusion chromatography. Moreover, the ability of functionalized copolymers to perform post modifications was also proven by the reaction with sodium azide and propanethiol. Finally, we speculate that structurally diverse groups can be attached to the copolyester chain, fine-tuning the on-demand properties, which could rapidly expand the library of polylactide-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Cichoń
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular
Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Irena I. Bak-Sypien
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular
Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular
Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular
Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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5
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Chae JH, Choi M, Son S, Ko SM, Lee IH. Living Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Hetero Diels-Alder Adducts to Give Multifactor-Controlled and Fast-Photodegradable Vinyl Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305414. [PMID: 37259631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of multiple structural parameters associated with vinyl polymers is important for producing materials with the desired properties and functions. While the development of living polymerization methods has provided a way to control the various structural parameters of vinyl polymers, the concomitant control of their sequence and regioregularity remains a challenging task. To overcome this challenge, herein, we report the living cationic ring-opening polymerization of hetero Diels-Alder adducts. The scalable and modular synthesis of the cyclic monomers was achieved by a one-step protocol using readily available vinyl precursors. Subsequently, living polymerization of the cyclic monomers was examined, allowing the synthesis of vinyl polymers while controlling multiple factors, including molecular weight, dispersity, alternating sequence, head-to-head regioregularity, and end-group functionality. The living characteristics of the developed method were further demonstrated by block copolymerization. The synthesized vinyl polymers exhibited unique thermal properties and underwent fast photodegradation even under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyung Chae
- Department of Energy System Research, Ajou University, 16499, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeong Choi
- Department of Energy System Research, Ajou University, 16499, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Son
- Department of Energy System Research, Ajou University, 16499, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Ko
- Department of Energy System Research, Ajou University, 16499, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, 16499, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Uchiyama M, Murakami Y, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Synthesis and Degradation of Vinyl Polymers with Evenly Distributed Thioacetal Bonds in Main Chains: Cationic DT Copolymerization of Vinyl Ethers and Cyclic Thioacetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215021. [PMID: 36369911 PMCID: PMC10107285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel method to synthesize degradable poly(vinyl ether)s with cleavable thioacetal bonds periodically arranged in the main chains using controlled cationic copolymerization of vinyl ethers with a 7-membered cyclic thioacetal (7-CTA) via degenerative chain transfer (DT) to the internal thioacetal bonds. The thioacetal bonds, which are introduced into the main chain by cationic ring-opening copolymerization of 7-CTA with vinyl ethers, serve as in-chain dormant species to allow homogeneous propagation of vinyl ethers for all internal segments to afford copolymers with controlled overall and segmental molecular weights. The obtained polymers can be degraded into low- and controlled-molecular-weight polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions via hydrolysis. Various vinyl ethers with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and functional pendants are available. Finally, one-pot synthesis of multiblock copolymers and their degradation into diblock copolymers are also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H120 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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7
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Dirauf M, Muljajew I, Weber C, Schubert US. Recent advances in degradable synthetic polymers for biomedical applications – Beyond polyesters. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Haque FM, Ishibashi JSA, Lidston CAL, Shao H, Bates FS, Chang AB, Coates GW, Cramer CJ, Dauenhauer PJ, Dichtel WR, Ellison CJ, Gormong EA, Hamachi LS, Hoye TR, Jin M, Kalow JA, Kim HJ, Kumar G, LaSalle CJ, Liffland S, Lipinski BM, Pang Y, Parveen R, Peng X, Popowski Y, Prebihalo EA, Reddi Y, Reineke TM, Sheppard DT, Swartz JL, Tolman WB, Vlaisavljevich B, Wissinger J, Xu S, Hillmyer MA. Defining the Macromolecules of Tomorrow through Synergistic Sustainable Polymer Research. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6322-6373. [PMID: 35133803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming how plastics are made, unmade, and remade through innovative research and diverse partnerships that together foster environmental stewardship is critically important to a sustainable future. Designing, preparing, and implementing polymers derived from renewable resources for a wide range of advanced applications that promote future economic development, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability are all central to these efforts. In this Chemical Reviews contribution, we take a comprehensive, integrated approach to summarize important and impactful contributions to this broad research arena. The Review highlights signature accomplishments across a broad research portfolio and is organized into four wide-ranging research themes that address the topic in a comprehensive manner: Feedstocks, Polymerization Processes and Techniques, Intended Use, and End of Use. We emphasize those successes that benefitted from collaborative engagements across disciplinary lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farihah M Haque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob S A Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claire A L Lidston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alice B Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ethan A Gormong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hee Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J LaSalle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephanie Liffland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bryce M Lipinski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Yutong Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Riffat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Xiayu Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yanay Popowski
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daylan T Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy L Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Jane Wissinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Zhang W, Han L, Liu Z, Li Y, Shang J, Leng X, Li Y, Wei Z. Ring opening copolymerization of δ-valerolactone with 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-4-one towards poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-5-hydroxyvalerate) copolyesters. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward strategy of ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) toward the synthetic copolyesters is gaining increasing interest. In present work, a novel series of poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-5-hydroxyvalerate) P(3HP-co-5HV) copolyesters are obtained through ROCOP of...
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10
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11
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Fuoco T. Degradation in Order: Simple and Versatile One‐Pot Combination of Two Macromolecular Concepts to Encode Diverse and Spatially Regulated Degradability Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fuoco
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen, 56–58 100-44 Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Fuoco T. Degradation in Order: Simple and Versatile One-Pot Combination of Two Macromolecular Concepts to Encode Diverse and Spatially Regulated Degradability Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15482-15489. [PMID: 33951273 PMCID: PMC8361945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The clever one-pot combination of two macromolecular concepts, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and step-growth polymerization (SGP), is demonstrated to be a simple, yet powerful tool to design a library of sequence-controlled polymers with diverse and spatially regulated degradability functions. ROP and SGP occur sequentially at room temperature when the organocatalytic conditions are switched from basic to acidic, and each allows the encoding of specific degradable bonds. ROP controls the sequence length and position of the degradability functions, while SGP between the complementary vinyl ether and hydroxyl chain-ends enables the formation of acetal bonds and high-molar-mass copolymers. The result is the rational combination of cleavable bonds prone to either bulk or surface erosion within the same macromolecule. The strategy is versatile and offers higher chemical diversity and level of control over the primary structure than current aliphatic polyesters or polycarbonates, while being simple, effective, and atom-economical and having potential for scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fuoco
- Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen, 56–58100-44StockholmSweden
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13
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Kost B, Basko M. Synthesis and properties of l-lactide/1,3-dioxolane copolymers: preparation of polyesters with enhanced acid sensitivity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00358e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first example of cationic ring-opening copolymerization of 5-membered cyclic acetal (1,3-dioxolane (DXL)) with l-lactide (LA) to afford polylactide containing acetal units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
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14
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Zeng JJ, Zhao B, Tang XB, Han S, Yang ZQ, Liu ZP, Zhang W, Lu J. Metal-free catalytic hydrocarboxylation of hexafluorobut-2-yne. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38938-38943. [PMID: 35493246 PMCID: PMC9044190 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06526b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for stereoselective synthesis of trifluorinated enol esters catalyzed by base was introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Sheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Ze-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
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15
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Kusuyama N, Daito Y, Kubota H, Kametani Y, Ouchi M. Construction of ring-based architectures via ring-expansion cationic polymerization and post-polymerization modification: design of cyclic initiators from divinyl ether and dicarboxylic acid. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topologically unique polymers such as tadpole and figure-eight polymers were synthesized via ring-expansion cationic polymerization (RECP) of vinyl ether with a functionalized cyclic initiator, followed by post-polymerization modification (PPM) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kametani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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16
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Abstract
A range of hemiacetal esters were synthesized by the reaction between carboxylic acids and butyl vinyl ether using n-dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate as catalyst. Specifically, nonanoic, propionic, acrylic, sebacic, and fumaric acids were used as substrates to prepare the corresponding hemiacetal esters. These compounds were used as model molecules to demonstrate the ability of hemiacetal ester functional groups to undergo the exchange reaction in the presence of weak carboxylic acids without any catalyst. Kinetics studies examined the eect of the carboxylic acid concentration on the exchange rate, and revealed that the exchange reaction proceeds through an associative mechanism.
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17
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Bixenmann L, Stickdorn J, Nuhn L. Amphiphilic poly(esteracetal)s as dual pH- and enzyme-responsive micellar immunodrug delivery systems. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(esteracetal) micelles encapsulate potent immune modulatory drugs, but fall apart and release them upon dual pH or enzymatic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Bixenmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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