1
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Gao Q, Guo Y, Cao P, Fan G, Xu Y. Regioselective synthesis of indazolo[2,3- a]quinazolines enabled by I 2/S-facilitated annulation relay dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13835-13838. [PMID: 37921123 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A method for concise and efficient synthesis of indazolo[2,3-a]quinazolines has been developed via a sequential annulation of 3-aminoindazoles and dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones. This high regioselectivity is attributed to the fact that the Mannich reaction is superior to the aldol reaction in this system. It is worth mentioning that this convenient process is successfully extended to 3-aminopyrazoles for assembling another class of medicinally prevalent pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Yimei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Penghui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Guangping Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Yongtao Xu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
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2
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Hsia YT, Lu YL, Bai R, Badsara SS, Lee CF. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles via arylation of ortho-alkynylanilines with arylsiloxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7602-7610. [PMID: 37681659 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00961k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the electrophilic cyclization of N,N-dimethyl-o-alkynylanilines with arylsiloxanes in the presence of [Pd(OAc)2] and Ag2O catalytic system, which leads to the efficient synthesis of indoles, similar to the one that is obtained through Larock indole synthesis. A range of aryl(trimethoxy)silanes with EDGs and EWGs were successfully utilized for the synthesis of a diverse variety of substituted indoles via the cleavage of the C-Si bond. This protocol exhibits good functional group tolerance and wide substrate scope to provide 2,3-diaryl-N-methylindoles in 26-88% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ting Hsia
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
| | - Rekha Bai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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3
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Nie J, Xie S, Pen X, Hong H, Chen X, Chen L, Li Y. Aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons via thioether elimination reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11232-11235. [PMID: 37655718 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the diversity-oriented aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons via potassium ethyl xanthogenate (EtOCS2K)/NH4I-mediated methylthiyl radical addition and thioether elimination was investigated under transition-metal-free conditions. The methylthiyl radical species were generated in situ via the NH4I-mediated decomposition of DMSO following which EtOCS2K promoted the breaking of carbon-sulfur bonds of thioether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Yingqi Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Jinli Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Sijie Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Xin Pen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Huanliang Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
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4
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Fnaiche A, Bueno B, McMullin CL, Gagnon A. On the Barton Copper-Catalyzed C3-Arylation of Indoles using Triarylbismuth bis(trifluoroacetate) Reagents. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200465. [PMID: 36843381 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein our detailed investigation into the Barton copper-promoted C3-arylation of indoles using triarylbismuth bis(trifluoroacetates). The arylation of unsubstituted 1H-indole using Barton's conditions gave a low yield of the C3-arylated indole, along with small amounts of the product of double C2/C3-arylation and traces of the product of C2 arylation. On the contrary, the arylation of indoles blocked at the C2 position is highly efficient, affording the desired products of C3-arylation in good to excellent yields. The reaction operates under simple conditions, shows good substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and allows the transfer of electron-neutral or deficient aryl groups. Computational studies propose a mechanism involving a trifluoroacetate-assisted C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fnaiche
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bianca Bueno
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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Chen S, Li Z, Hu K, Feng W, Mao G, Xiao F, Deng GJ. Three-component selective synthesis of phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1920-1926. [PMID: 36752306 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An iodine-containing reagent promoted three-component method for the selective synthesis of phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines has been developed. The present protocol starts from simple and easily available cyclohexanones, elemental sulfur, and inorganic ammonium salts, selectively producing phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines in satisfactory yields under aerobic conditions. This method has the advantages of simple and readily available starting materials and metal-free conditions, affording a facile and practical approach for the preparation of phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoqin Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Fuhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China.
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6
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Sun A, Wang KK. Recent advances of three‐component reactions of simple indoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Wang
- Xinxiang University chemistry and chemical engineering Xinxiang 453000 Xinxiang CHINA
| | | | - Aili Sun
- Xinxiang University School of Pharmacy CHINA
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7
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Mari G, De Crescentini L, Favi G, Santeusanio S, Mantellini F. A facile protocol for the preparation of 2-carboxylated thieno [2,3- b] indoles: a de novo access to alkaloid thienodolin. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4167-4175. [PMID: 35531860 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free strategy, alternative to the known complex cycloaddition reactions, towards 2-carboxylated thieno [2,3-b] indole derivatives has been successfully developed. The novel approach involves as starting materials easy accessible 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes and indoline 2-thione and requires mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the easy work-up required makes this method amenable for a one-pot approach as demonstrated in the preparation of thienodolin, a natural product isolated from Streptomyces albogriseolus that exhibits valuable biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Crescentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Stefania Santeusanio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Fabio Mantellini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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8
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Zhang Z, Kang Y, Hou R, Min X, Wang T, Liang Y. An Oxidant- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles via UV Light Irradiation of 2,3-Diphenyl-1H-indoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1677-4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn efficient methodology for the synthesis of dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles via annulation of 2,3-diphenyl-1H-indoles in EtOH under UV light irradiation (λ = 365 nm) along with hydrogen evolution is described. This method exhibits the advantages of mild reaction conditions, no requirement of any oxidants and catalysts, and release of hydrogen as the only byproduct. Notably, the mechanism investigation confirms that the trans-4b,8a-dihydro-9H-dibenzo[a,c]carbazole intermediate could convert into cis-4b,8a-dihydro-9H-dibenzo[a,c]carbazole, which relies on the nitrogen atom of the indole ring. This is followed by intramolecular dehydrogenation which yields the dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Yang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Rong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Xiaoyan Min
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope
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9
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Xiao L, Liu G, Ren P, Wu T, Lu Y, Kong J. Elemental Sulfur: An Excellent Sulfur-Source for Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclics. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Wang S, Jiang P, Li R, Yang M, Deng G. Progress in Selective Construction of Functional Aromatics with Cyclohexanone. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Uçar S, Daştan A. Recent Advances in the Transition-Metal-Free Arylation of Heteroarenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTransition-metal-free arylation reactions have attracted considerable attention for economic and environmental reasons over the past 40 years. In recent years, much effort has been made to develop efficient transition-metal-free approaches for the arylation of heteroarenes. Covering the literature from 2015 to early 2021, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of these atom-economical and environmentally benign reactions.1 Introduction2 Arylation of Pre-functionalized Heteroarenes2.1 Arylation of Heteroaryl Halides2.2 Decarboxylative Arylation of Heteroarenes3 Direct C–H Arylation of Heteroarenes3.1 C(sp2)–H Arylation3.2 C(sp3)–H Arylation4 N-Arylation of Heteroarenes5 Summary and Outlook
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12
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Fang RJ, Yan C, Sun J, Han Y, Yan CG. Efficient synthesis of polyfunctionalized carbazoles and pyrrolo[3,4 -c]carbazoles via domino Diels-Alder reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2425-2432. [PMID: 34621404 PMCID: PMC8450976 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The p-TsOH-catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction of 3-(indol-3-yl)maleimides with chalcone in toluene at 60 °C afforded two diastereoisomers of tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles, which can be dehydrogenated by DDQ oxidation in acetonitrile at room temperature to give the aromatized pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles in high yields. On the other hand, the one-pot reaction of 3-(indol-3-yl)-1,3-diphenylpropan-1-ones with chalcones or benzylideneacetone in acetonitrile in the presence of p-TsOH and DDQ resulted in polyfunctionalized carbazoles in satisfactory yields. The reaction mechanism included the DDQ oxidative dehydrogenation of 3-(indol-3-yl)-1,3-diphenylpropan-1-ones to the corresponding 3-vinylindoles, their acid-catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction and sequential aromatization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chen Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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13
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Yan C, Sun J, Han Y, Yan C. Domino Reaction for Synthesis of Spiro[pyrazole‐4,5′‐pyrrolo[3,4‐
c
]carbazoles] and Spiro[pyrrolo[3,4‐
c
]carbazole‐5,5′‐thiazoles]. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Chao‐Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
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14
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Guo ZQ, Xu H, Wang X, Wang ZY, Ma B, Dai HX. C3-Arylation of indoles with aryl ketones via C-C/C-H activations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9716-9719. [PMID: 34473138 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C3-Arylation of indoles with aryl ketones is accomplished via palladium-catalyzed ligand-promoted Ar-C(O) cleavage and subsequent C-H arylation of indole. Various (hetero)aryl ketones are compatible in this reaction, affording the corresponding 3-arylindoles in moderate to good yields. Further introduction of an indole moiety into the natural products desoxyestrone and evodiamine demonstrate the synthetic utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiong Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Yan C, Sun J, Han Y, Yan CG. Water Modulated Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis/ trans-Spiro[indoline-3,6'-naphtho[2,3- c]carbazoles]. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9263-9279. [PMID: 34197117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
p-TsOH catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction of 2-(1-alkylindol-3-yl)naphthalene-1,4-diones and 3-phenacylideneoxindoles showed fascinating diastereoselectivity. The reaction with the hydrated p-TsOH afforded trans-isomers of dihydrospiro[indoline-3,6'-naphtho[2,3-c]carbazoles] as major products. Alternatively, the reaction with anhydrous p-TsOH under a Dean and Stark apparatus predominately gave cis-isomer of dihydrospiro[indoline-3,6'-naphtho[2,3-c]carbazoles]. On the other hand, the similar p-TsOH catalyzed reaction of 2-(indol-3-yl)naphthalene-1,4-diones with 3-arylideneindolin-2-ones afforded cis/trans-isomers of dihydrospiro[indoline-3,6'-naphtho[2,3-c]carbazoles]. Additionally, the p-TsOH catalyzed reaction of 2-(indol-3-yl)naphthalene-1,4-diones with 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones gave the expected spiro[indene-2,6'-naphtho[2,3-c]carbazoles] in satisfactory yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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16
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Wang Z, Xu S, Wang K, Kong N, Liu X. Recent Studies of Bifunctionalization of Simple Indoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Niuniu Kong
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Chemistry Lishui University Zhejiang P. R. China
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17
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Mei R, Xiong F, Yang C, Zhao J. Salicylic Acid‐Promoted Three‐Component Annulation of Benzimidazoles, Aryl Nitroalkenes and Elemental Sulfur. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhuai Mei
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 People's Republic of China
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18
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Deng K, Huang H, Deng GJ. Recent advances in the transition metal-free oxidative dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6380-6391. [PMID: 34212968 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyclohexanone is a simple and widely available raw material that can be obtained from lignin biomass, highlighting its renewable and sustainable features. Cyclohexanone, as an important synthon in organic chemistry, has been demonstrated to be viable for constructing functionalized arenes and benzoheteroarenes, with recent extensive development on transition metal-free oxidative dehydrogenative aromatization. This review focuses on recent research progress on the transition metal-free derivation of cyclohexanones via oxidative dehydrogenative aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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19
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Qiu Z, Zeng H, Li CJ. Coupling without Coupling Reactions: En Route to Developing Phenols as Sustainable Coupling Partners via Dearomatization-Rearomatization Processes. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2395-2413. [PMID: 32941014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions represent one of the most straightforward and efficient protocols to assemble two different molecular motifs for the construction of carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. Because of their importance and wide applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials, etc., cross-coupling reactions have been well recognized in the 2010 Nobel Prize in chemistry. However, in the classical transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (e.g., the Suzuki-Miyaura, the Buchwald-Hartwig, and the Ullmann cross-coupling reactions), organohalides, which mainly stem from the nonrenewable fossil resources, are often utilized as coupling partners with halide wastes being generated after the reactions. To make cross-coupling reactions more sustainable, we initiated a general research program by employing phenols and cyclohexa(e)nones (the reduced forms of phenols) as pivotal feedstocks (coupling partners), instead of the commonly used fossil-derived organohalides, for cross-coupling reactions to build C-O, C-N, and C-C bonds. Phenols (cyclohexa(e)nones) are widely available and can be obtained from lignin biomass, highlighting their renewable and sustainable features. Moreover, water is expected to be the only stoichiometric byproduct, thus avoiding halide wastes.Notably, the cross-coupling reactions utilizing phenols/cyclohexa(e)nones are not based on the traditional transition-metal-catalyzed "oxidative-addition and reductive-elimination" mechanism, but via a novel "phenol-cyclohexanone" redox couple. This new working mechanism opens up new horizons of designing cross-coupling reactions via simple nucleophilic addition of cyclohexanones along with aromatization processes, thereby simplifying the design and avoiding laborious optimization of transition-metal precursors (e.g., Pd, Ni, Cu, etc.), as well as ligands in classical transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Specifically, in this Account, we will summarize and discuss our related research work in the following three categories: "formal oxidative couplings of cyclohexa(e)nones", "formal reductive couplings of phenols", and "formal redox-neutral couplings of phenols". The successes of these research projects clearly demonstrated our initial inspirations and rational designs to develop cross-coupling reactions without the "conventional cross-coupling conditions" by pushing the reaction frontiers from initial cyclohexanones, ultimately, to the sustainable phenol targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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Deng GJ, Huang H, Liu S. Recent Advances in Sulfur-Containing Heterocycle Formation via Direct C–H Sulfuration with Elemental Sulfur. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfur heterocycles via the construction of C–S bonds has received considerable attention due to their biological value and extensive pharmaceutical application. While diverse sulfurating agents have been developed over the past few decades, in this regard, elemental sulfur, with advantages of low toxicity, odorless nature and chemical stability, has great potential for the construction of diverse sulfur heterocycles through its direct incorporation into the target molecules in a concise way. Direct functionalization of inert C–H bonds can shorten the number of reaction steps and minimize the amount of waste formed. Hence, heteroannulations via direct C–H sulfuration is considered to be an attractive strategy for the synthesis of sulfur heterocycles. In the last few years, a vast array of concise systems have been reported for the synthesis of some valuable sulfur heterocycles such as thiophenes, thienoindoles, thienothiazoles, thiazoles, benzothiazoles, and thiadiazoles through direct C–H sulfuration/annulations with elemental sulfur. These are discussed in detail in this review.1 Introduction2 Thiophenes3 Thienoindoles4 Thienothiazoles5 Other Fused Thiophenes6 Thiazoles7 Benzothiazoles8 Thiadiazoles9 Others10 Summary and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University
| | - Saiwen Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University
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21
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Liu S, Zhao F, Chen X, Deng G, Huang H. Aerobic Oxidative Functionalization of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiwen Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University Yiyang 413000 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine of Hunan Province School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
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22
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Nguyen TB. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Heterocycles via Reactions Involving Elemental Sulfur. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances NaturellesCNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay 1, avenue de la Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 France
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23
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Wang Z, Li C, Huang H, Deng GJ. Elemental Sulfur-Promoted Aerobic Dehydrogenative Aromatization of Cyclohexanones with Amines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9415-9423. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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24
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Ban K, Yamamoto Y, Sajiki H, Sawama Y. Arylation of indoles using cyclohexanones dually-catalyzed by niobic acid and palladium-on-carbons. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3898-3902. [PMID: 32400844 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
3-Arylindoles were easily constructed from indoles and cyclohexanone derivatives using a combination of catalytic niobic acid-on-carbon (Nb2O5/C) and palladium-on-carbon (Pd/C) under heating conditions without any oxidants. The Lewis acidic Nb2O5/C promoted the nucleophilic addition of indoles to the cyclohexanones, and the subsequent dehydration and Pd/C-catalyzed dehydrogenation produced the 3-arylindoles. The additive 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene worked as a hydrogen acceptor to facilitate the dehydrogenation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ban
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigakunishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
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25
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Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles from alkynylanilines and 2-chlorophenols using palladium–dihydroxyterphenylphosphine catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Xu C, Xie W, Xu J. Metal-free and regiospecific synthesis of 3-arylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2661-2671. [PMID: 32196059 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A convenient, metal-free, and organic acid-base promoted synthetic method to prepare 3-arylindoles from 3-aryloxirane-2-carbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides has been developed. In the reaction, the organic acid catalyzes a tandem nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of aryloxiranecarbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and Fischer indolization. The organic base triethylamine plays a crucial role in the final elimination step in the Fischer indole synthesis, affording 3-arylindoles regiospecifically. The reaction features advantages of microwave acceleration, non-metal participation, short reaction time, organic acid-base co-catalysis, and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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27
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Jiang J, Tuo X, Fu Z, Huang H, Deng GJ. Three-component synthesis of 1,4-benzothiazines via iodide-catalyzed aerobic C–H sulfuration with elemental sulfur. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3234-3238. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Five to Six: Beyond the well-established thiazole formation from elemental sulfur, this method provides the first access to the corresponding six-membered N,S-heterocyclic products via direct functionalization of multiple C–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Xiaolong Tuo
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Zhuquan Fu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
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28
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Singh H, Tiwari R, Sharma P, Kumar P, Jain N. Zinc triflate catalyzed 1,3-indolylation of cyclohexanones: tandem condensation, dehydrogenation and aromatization sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2492-2500. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Bis(1-alkyl-1H-indol-3-yl)benzene derivatives have been synthesized through a Zn(OTf)2 catalyzed reaction between cyclohexanones and indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Rajat Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- New Delhi-110016
- India
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29
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Gui QW, Teng F, Li ZC, Jin XF, Zhang M, Dai JN, Lin YW, Cao Z, He WM. Molecular iodine-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of α-cyanopyrrolines with ambient air as the oxidant under neat conditions. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly and practical method for synthesizing α-cyanopyrrolines via iodine-catalyzed multicomponent tandem reaction of alkenes, TMSCN and N,N-disubstituted formamides with ambient air as the sole oxidant was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Gui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
| | - Fan Teng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
| | - Zhou-Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
| | - Xue-Feng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
| | - Jia-Ni Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of South China
- Hengyang
- China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha
- China
| | - Wei-Min He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha
- China
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30
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Chen X, Yang Z, Chen X, Liang W, Zhu Z, Xie F, Li Y. Hydrogen-Transfer-Mediated N-Arylation of Naphthols Using Indolines as Hydrogen Donors. J Org Chem 2019; 85:508-514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhihai Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xuyan Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wanyi Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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